ASTM F1758-05(2019)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F1758 − 05 (Reapproved 2019)
Standard Test Methods for
Detention Hinges Used on Detention-Grade Swinging
Doors
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1758; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.1 Thesetestmethodscovertheapparatus,procedures,and
acceptance conditions for evaluating the normal operating
2. Referenced Documents
performance characteristics and the performance characteris-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
tics under assault conditions of hinges used in swinging door
F1450Test Methods for Hollow Metal Swinging Door
assemblies in detention and correctional institutions. These
Assemblies for Detention and Correctional Facilities
types of hinges are described in detail in 3.1.6, 3.1.9, and
F1577Test Methods for Detention Locks for Swinging
3.1.22. Thus, these test methods only give an indication of the
Doors
performance characteristics of hinges in actual service. Such
F1592Test Methods for Detention Hollow Metal Vision
variables as installation and maintenance conditions which
Systems
have a potential impact on performance characteristics are not
F1643Test Methods for Detention Sliding Door Locking
considered.
Device Assembly
1.2 It is the intent of these test methods to help ensure that
F1915Test Methods for Glazing for Detention Facilities
detention hinges (reference to hinges is inclusive of a continu- 3
2.2 NFPA Standard:
ous hinge) perform at or above minimum acceptable levels to
NFPA 80Fire Doors and Fire Windows
confine inmates, to delay and frustrate escape attempts, and to
2.3 ANSI Standards:
resist vandalism and assault conditions. It is recognized that in
ANSI/BHMAA156.1Standard for Butts and Hinges
order to meet the intent of these test methods, door, frame and
ANSI/NAAMM/HMMA 863Guide Specifications for De-
lock assemblies must be compatible with the level of perfor-
tention Security Hollow Metal Doors and Frames
mance required by Test Methods F1450 and F1577.
2.4 UL Standard:
1.3 Thevaluesstatedininch-poundunitsaretoberegarded
UL-752Bullet Resisting Equipment
as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information
3. Terminology
only.
3.1 Definitions:
1.4 ConsultNFPA80forFireDoors&Windowsconcerning
3.1.1 assault condition, adj—performance characteristics
hinge requirements on fire doors.
associated with an attack from battering devices, and overload
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
conditions.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.2 bearings, n—friction reducing material or mechanism
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
betweenthemovingpartsofahinge.Thecoefficientoffriction
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
can be sliding or rolling.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.2.1 Discussion—The coefficient of friction is of the
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
sliding or rolling type.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- 2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
1 3
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F33 on Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 Batterymarch
Detention and Correctional Facilitiesand are the direct responsibility of Subcom- Park, Quincy, MA 02269-9101.
mittee F33.04 on Detention Hardware. Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
Current edition approved April 1, 2019. Published April 2019. Originally 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as F1758–05 (2012). Available from Underwriters Laboratories (UL), Corporate Progress, 333
DOI: 10.1520/F1758-05R19. Pfingsten Rd., Northbrook, IL 60062.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F1758 − 05 (2019)
3.1.3 clearances, n—vertical and lateral play in a hinge 3.1.13 half-mortise hinge, n—hinge having one leaf mor-
prior to the start of the cycle test. tised into the butt edge of a door and the other leaf attached to
the face of a door frame.
3.1.4 cycle, n—rotation of the test door from the closed
position(1to5°)totheopenposition(90 65°)andbacktothe
3.1.14 half-surface hinge, n—hingehavingoneleafattached
closed position again.
to the face of a door and the other leaf mortised into the rabbet
edge of a door frame.
3.1.5 component, n—subassembly, as distinguished from a
part, that combines with other components to make up a door
3.1.15 high frequency, adj—testing period for which a
assembly.
minimum of 2500000 cycles have been completed with
3.1.5.1 Discussion—The prime components of a door as-
Grades 1 to 4 or a minimum of 500000 cycles with a Grade 1
semblyinclude:door,doorframe(includeshingejamb,header,
Double Weight.
and strike jamb), hinges, and locking hardware.
3.1.16 low frequency, adj—testing period for which a mini-
3.1.6 detention hinge, adj—hinge having and complying
mum of 150000 cycles have been completed.
with one or more security grades 1 to 4 as shown in Table 1.
3.1.17 manufacturer, n—party responsible for fabrication of
3.1.6.1 Discussion—These hinges shall be constructed with
a product.
a maximum security pin. They shall be permitted to be
mounted in any of the styles described in 3.1.11 – 3.1.14.
3.1.18 non-removeable pin, adj—hinge pin that has been
Alternate designs are acceptable, including the illustrations
fixed after insertion by welding, pinning, or other permanent
provided inANSI 156.1, providing they meet the performance
means to prevent pin removal. Use of set screws is not
characteristics of these test methods.
acceptable.
3.1.7 detention security, adj—assurance of the restriction of
3.1.19 normal operation, adj—includes performance char-
movement of inmates to designated areas within a detention or
acteristics such as vertical and lateral wear rates and door
correctional facility.
operating forces required to overcome friction.
3.1.8 door assembly, n—unit comprised of a group of parts
3.1.20 performance characteristic, n—the response of the
or components that make up an opening barrier for a passage-
detention hinge in any one of the tests described herein.
way through a wall.
3.1.21 permanent set, n—plastic deformation that remains
3.1.9 door positioning/electric monitoring/etc., adj—hinge
after releasing the stress that produces the deformation.
designed with a monitoring device that is tripped when the
3.1.22 powertransfer/electricthrough-wire/electrictransfer
door is opened.
etc., adj—hinge that allows power to be transferred from the
3.1.9.1 Discussion—Ratingsanddesigncharacteristicsshall
jamb to the door through the hinge.
be permitted to vary among manufacturers.
3.1.22.1 Discussion—Ratings and design characteristics
3.1.10 frame, n—assembly of members surrounding and
shall be permitted to vary among manufacturers.
supporting a door or doors.
3.1.23 swinging door, adj—door equipped with hinges that
3.1.11 full-mortise hinge, n—hingehavingoneleafmortised
permit it to swing about the vertical hinge axis, either right-
intothebuttedgeofadoorandtheotherleafmortisedintothe
hand, left-hand, right-hand reverse bevel, or left-hand reverse
rabbet edge of a frame.
bevel, depending on hardware configuration.
3.1.12 full-surface hinge, n—hingehavingoneleafattached
to the face of a door and the other leaf attached to the face of 3.1.24 test completion, n—conduct of one test sequence for
a door frame. a group of hinges.
TABLE 1 Cycle, Impact, and Overloading Testing Parameters and Acceptance Criteria
Double Weight
A A A A
Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3 Grade 4
Grade 1
Test door weight, lb (kg) 600 (272) 300 (136) 250 (113) 200 (91) 200 (91)
B
Impacts per hinge 200 200 150 75 35
B
Total impacts on hinged side of door 600 600 450 225 105
Number of cycles:
High frequency 500 000 2 500 000 2 500 000 2 500 000 2 500 000
Maximum frictional forces, lbf (N) 5 (22.3) 2 (8.9) 2 (8.9) 2 (8.9) 2 (8.9)
Low frequency 150 000 150 000 150 000 150 000 150 000
C
Maximum frictional forces, lbf (N) 5 (22.3) 5 (22.3) 5 (22.3) 5 (22.3) 5 (22.3)
Maximum vertical wear, in. (mm) 0.020 (0.508) 0.020 (0.508) 0.030 (0.762) 0.030 (0.762) 0.030 (0.762)
Maximum lateral wear, in. (mm) 0.062 (1.575) 0.062 (1.575) 0.062 (1.575) 0.062 (1.575) 0.062 (1.575)
Clearance:
D
Maximum vertical and lateral, in. (mm) 0.015 (0.381) 0.015 (0.381) 0.015 (0.381) 0.015 (0.381) 0.015 (0.381)
Overload test:
Permanent set, in. (mm) 0.062 (1.575) 0.062 (1.575) 0.062 (1.575) 0.062 (1.575) 0.062 (1.575)
A
Security Grades 1 to 4 are based on Test Methods F1450 and F1577.
B
Represents minimum number of 200 ft–lbf (271.2-J) impacts based on three locations per door.
C
For applications with door closers, frictional forces for high-frequency use shall apply.
D
See 6.1.1.
F1758 − 05 (2019)
3.1.25 testing laboratory, n—independent material testing end play has been removed in each sample prior to this
facility not associated with the manufacturer. measurement. The clearance values shall not exceed those
specified in Table 1.
3.1.26 wear, n—displacements in the vertical and lateral
6.1.2 Install the hinges, fully assembled, to the door per
directions of a detention hinge when subjected to a door cycle
manufacturers’ standard installation instructions.
test.
6.1.2.1 At a minimum for alignment, lay a straightedge
4. Significance and Use
along the edge of the door at such position as corresponds to
the back edge of a recommended mortise. In applying the
4.1 A major concern for detention and correctional admin-
hinges, firmly abut the back edge of the door leaf against this
istrativeofficialsisthereliableoperationofhingesusedintheir
straightedge as the screws are applied and tightened. Apply
facilities. These test methods aid in assigning a level of
jamb mounting blocks to the hinge jamb leaves using the
physical security and performance to hinges for swinging door
screws supplied. Tighten screws in accordance with the fas-
assemblies.
tener manufacturer’s recommended tightening torque. Position
4.2 These test methods evaluate the effect on hinges of
the door with its three hinges and jamb mounting blocks
battering attacks on the door simulating assault conditions as
against the vertical jamb, and apply the hexagon-head cap
well. These test methods also evaluate the performance of a
screws and lock washers finger tight. Align edges of jamb
hingeundersimulatednormaloperation.Thesetestmethodsdo
leaves with the straightedge and tighten cap screws securely.
not provide a measure of the resistance or performance of a
Do not mortise door and jamb leaves of the hinges.
hinge to attack by the following: chemical agents, ballistics,
6.2 Apparatus—Details of a typical test apparatus are in
explosives, or other extreme methods of attack, such as direct
Appendix X1. Alternate designs of the test apparatus are
impact or manipulation on the hinges or to environmental
acceptable only if the proper engineering evaluation is con-
elements such as rain, snow, or wind-carried dust or sand.
ducted.
Where such elements are a potential factor, consult the manu-
facturer. 6.2.1 The test door apparatus shall be designed in such a
manner that the lateral loads or moment induced on the hinges
4.3 Theprimarypurposeofthesetestmethodsistoapproxi-
under this test will be equivalent to the minimum value
mate the levels of abuse conditions and normal operating
associated witha3by7ft door (914.4 by 2133.6 mm). Hinge
conditions to which hinges are subjected in detention and
spacing shall be in accordance with ANSI/NAAMM/HMMA
correctional institutions. These test methods attempt to do this
863. Refer to Appendix X2 for lateral load calculations. An
through the different grade levels associated with cycle and
oversized door shall be permitted to be tested separately or
impact testing. The desired result of these test methods will
certified in accordance with 9.5.
provideameasureofassuranceofprotectiontothecorrectional
personnel, public, and inmates.
6.3 Procedure—Add the proper amount of additional
weights to the apparatus for the grade level being tested in
5. Sampling
Table 1.
5.1 Sample hinges shall be representative of the types and
6.3.1 Prior to the start of the cycle test perform the follow-
styles intended for use in the application of these test methods. ing:
6.3.1.1 Determine a measurement location for vertical and
5.2 The manufacturer shall permanently mark the test
lateral wear on all hinges. The location shall be the same each
samplesandretainthematthemanufacturingfacilityforfuture
time a measurement is taken. The angular position of the door
reference. In lieu of test samples, the manufacturer shall be
shall also be the same within 2 in. (50.8 mm) for each
permitted to provide a certified test procedure.
measurement. Record vertical and lateral measurements for all
5.3 The test assembly shall be certified by an independent
hinges.Verticalmeasurementisbetweentheadjacentjamband
third party testing and certification laboratory; any change of
door knuckles. Lateral measurement is between the inner edge
components or assembly methods or processes shall be certi-
ofjambleafandadjacentdoorknuckle.Ifthelocationisatthe
fied in writing by the testing and certification laboratory. The
center of the hinge, one measurement per hinge at the center
laboratoryshallhavethesoleauthoritytodecidetheextentand
shallsuffice.Ifthelocationisnotatthecenterofthehinge,two
scope of retesting required.
measurements, equally distant from the center of hinge as
5.4 Test reports shall include complete details and photo-
practicable, shall be taken; the qualifying lateral measurement
graphs of the test specimen, the testing apparatus and installa-
is the average of the two. Alternate methods of measuring
tion instructions including templates.
vertical and lateral wear may be employed providing they
comply with X1.3.5.
6. Cycle Testing
6.3.1.2 Measure and record force to overcome friction or
6.1 Sample Preparation—Conduct the test methods using out-of-balance condition. This shall be done 30 in. (762 mm)
three detention hinges per door. When testing a continuous- from the hinge pivot center after the door has been cycled 20
type hinge on a full door height sample, one hinge shall be times from the fully closed to the fully opened positions. The
used. measurementshallbemadeperpendiculartothedoorandshall
6.1.1 Prior to being mounted on the test doors, check fully betheforcetogetthedoormoving(static)andnottheforceto
assembled hinges for vertical and lateral clearances. Ensure all sustain motion (dynamic).
F1758 − 05 (2019)
6.3.1.3 Commence cycling at an average rate of 10 to 20 Methods F1450 (swinging doors). Alternate design of the test
cycles/minfortestdoorsweighing200to300lb(91to136kg) apparatus are acceptable providing the proper engineering
(Grades 1–4). For Double Weight Grade 1 type doors, cycle at
evaluation is made.
arateupto10cycles/min.Becauseoftestschedulingdemands,
8.1.2 Calculation of Energy:
the manufacturer or test laboratory shall be permitted to elect
8.1.2.1 Calculate energy developed by ram pendulum as
to design an apparatus which is capable of safely withstanding
follows:
higher cycle rates. It is understood that any hinge subjected to
E 5 Wh (1)
higher rates is being subjected to a more stringent test.
6.3.1.4 Duringcycletesting,itisrecommendedthatalogbe
where:
kept of periodic cycle counts and wear measurements on each
E = energy developed by ram with initial velocity of zero,
testsample.Thefrequencyofdataentriesshallbeagreedupon
W = weight of ram, 80 lb (36 kg), and
between the manufacturer and the testing laboratory.
h = drop height of ram.
6.3.1.5 At the conclusion of the cycle test under the prede-
8.1.2.2 Either Wor hshallbepermittedtobevaried(within
termined grade level and frequency level in Table 1, measure
the range calculated) to get the required energy of 200 ft–lbf
each sample in accordance with 6.3.1.1 to determine the
(271.2 J).
displacement between leaves and knuckles. Record measure-
ments of wear for all hinges.
8.2 Procedure—Usingtheapparatusinaccordancewith8.1,
6.3.1.6 Atthecompletionofthecycletestchecktheforceto
deliver the number of impacts of 200 ft–lbf (271.2 J) as
overcome friction in accordance with 6.3.1.2.
required for the grade level under test in Table 1. The impact
point for a particular hinge shall be on the test door panel no
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