ASTM F1577-05(2019)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F1577 − 05 (Reapproved 2019)
Standard Test Methods for
Detention Locks for Swinging Doors
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1577; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 Thesetestmethodscovertheapparatus,procedures,and 2.1 ASTM Standards:
acceptance conditions for evaluating the normal operational E152TestMethodforFireTestsOfDoorAssemblies(With-
performance and the performance characteristics under assault drawn 1995)
conditions of locks used in swinging door assemblies in F1450Test Methods for Hollow Metal Swinging Door
detention and correctional institutions.Thus, they give only an Assemblies for Detention and Correctional Facilities
indication of the performance characteristics of locks in actual F1592Test Methods for Detention Hollow Metal Vision
service. Such variables as installation and maintenance condi- Systems
tions are not considered. F1643Test Methods for Detention Sliding Door Locking
Device Assembly
1.2 It is the intent of these test methods to help ensure that
F1758 Test Methods for Detention Hinges Used on
detentionlocksperformatoraboveminimumacceptablelevels
Detention-Grade Swinging Doors
to control passage to unauthorized or secure areas, to confine
F1915Test Methods for Glazing for Detention Facilities
inmates, and to delay and frustrate escape attempts and resist
2.2 ANSI Standard:
vandalism. It is recognized that in order to meet the intent of
ANSI A156.5Auxiliary Locks and Associated Products
these test methods, door and frame assemblies must be
2.3 UL Standards:
compatible with the level of performance required by Test
UL-437Standard for Key Locks
Methods F1450.
UL-1034Standard for Burglary Resistant Electric Locking
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
Mechanisms
as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information
only. 3. Terminology
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1 Definitions:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.1 Bolts:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.1.1 bolt projections, n—distance the lock bolt extends
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
from the lock case measured with the lock bolt in an extended
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
position.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.1.1.2 dead bolt, n—lock component having an end that
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
protrudes from or is withdrawn into the lock front by action of
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
the lock mechanism by rotating the key or thumb turn. When
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
1 3
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F33 on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
Detention and Correctional Facilities and are the direct responsibility of Subcom- www.astm.org.
mittee F33.04 on Detention Hardware. Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
Current edition approved April 1, 2019. Published April 2019. Originally 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as F1577–05 (2012). Available from Underwriters Laboratories (UL), Corporate Progress, 333
DOI: 10.1520/F1577-05R19. Pfingsten Rd., Northbrook, IL 60062.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F1577 − 05 (2019)
the door is closed and the dead bolt is thrown, it extends into 3.1.9 manufacturer, n—party responsible for the fabrication
a hole provided in the strike, locking the door, and will not of the lock.
return with end pressure.
3.1.10 performance characteristics, n—response attributes
3.1.1.3 deadlocking latch bolt, adj—component that, when
of the lock in any one of the tests described.
actuated, automatically locks the projected latch bolt against
3.1.11 strike or strike plate, n—metal plate attached to or
return by end pressure. Also referred to as an auxiliary latch
mortised into the door or frame to receive and hold a projected
bolt or roller bolt.
latch bolt or dead bolt, or both, in order to secure the door to
3.1.1.4 latch bolt, n—lock component having a beveled end
the jamb.
that projects from the lock front in its extended position but
3.1.12 strike box, n—housing used in the back of the strike
may be forced back into the lock case by end pressure or
to enclose the bolt or bolt opening.
drawingbackbyactionofthelockmechanism.Whenthedoor
3.1.13 testing laboratory, n—independent testing laboratory
is closed, the latch bolt projects into a hole provided in the
not associated with the manufacturer.
strike, holding the door in a closed position. Sometimes
referred to as a snapbolt. 3.1.14 trim, n—trim shall include knobs or lever handles
used to retract the latch bolt or to act as a pull when the latch
3.1.2 bolt throw, n—distance the lock bolt travels from a
bolt is inoperative.
retracted to a fully extended position.
3.1.3 cylinder, n—subassembly of a lock containing a plug
4. Significance and Use
with a key slot and tumbler mechanism.
4.1 A major concern for detention and correctional admin-
3.1.3.1 builders hardware cylinder, adj—key cylinder of istrative officials is the reliable operation of locks used in their
similar design to the mogul cylinder except smaller (1 ⁄32 in. facilities. These test methods aid in assigning a level of
(40 mm) in diameter), with keys and internal parts at least half physical security and performance to locks for swinging door
the size of mogul cylinders. Also known as commercial assemblies.
cylinders and mortise cylinders. See ANSI A156.5, 6.9.
4.2 These test methods evaluate the resistance of a lock to
attacks using battering devices, prying devices, and fire.These
3.1.3.2 mogul cylinder, adj—pin tumbler cylinder approxi-
mately 2 in. (51 mm) in diameter, 2 in. long. test methods also evaluate the performance of a lock under
simulated operating conditions. These test methods do not
3.1.3.3 mogul key, adj—oversized key designed to fit the
provide a measure of the resistance or performance of a lock
1 5
mogulcylinder,whichisapproximately1 ⁄2in.(38mm)by3 ⁄8
subjected to attack by chemical agents, ballistics, explosives,
in. (92 mm).
or other extreme methods of attack. These test methods do not
3.1.3.4 paracentric cylinder, commonly referred to as a
measure the resistance or performance of the device when
lever tumbler cylinder, adj—key cylinder consisting of a
subjected to environmental elements such as rain, snow, or
cylinder that is an integral part of the lock.
wind-carried dust or sand. Where such elements may be a
factor, the manufacturer should be consulted for proper appli-
3.1.3.5 paracentric key, commonly referred to as a lever
cation.
tumbler key, adj—paracentrickeysarebetween4in.(102mm)
and 5 in. (153 mm) long, with large ends or bows, which may
4.3 Theprimarypurposeofthesetestmethodsistoapproxi-
be as large as 2 ⁄2 in. (63 mm) wide.
mate the levels of abuse and operating conditions to which
locks are subjected in detention and correctional institutions.
3.1.4 detention security, adj—assurance of the restriction of
Thedesiredresultofthesetestmethodswillprovideameasure
mobilityofinmatestodesignatedareaswithinacorrectionalor
ofassuranceofprotectiontothecorrectionalpersonnel,public,
detention facility.
and inmates.
3.1.5 hand tools, n—items permitted for use in disengaging
4.4 It is recommended that the detention/correctional facil-
a lock when it fails to disengage, either remotely or manually;
ity administration provide adequate training, supervision, and
suchitemsaretoolscommonlycarriedinacorrectionalfacility
preventative maintenance programs to enable door assemblies
maintenance tool kit: hand screwdrivers (various sizes and tip
to function as intended throughout the expected service life.
configurations including tips for coverplate security screws),
claw hammer, ball peen hammer, chisel, pliers (any common
5. Sample Selection, Construction, and Size
size), and vise grips.
5.1 Sample locks shall be randomly selected and shall be
3.1.6 hinged door, adj—door equipped with hinges that
representative of the types and styles intended for use in the
permit it to swing about the hinge axis.
application of these test methods.
3.1.7 hollow metal, n—term used in reference to such items 5.2 The manufacturer shall permanently mark the test
asdoors,frames,partitions,enclosures,andotheritemsthatare
sample and retain them at the manufacturing facility for future
fabricated from sheet metal. These products are internally
reference. Instead of test samples, the manufacturer shall
reinforced but hollow, hence the term hollow metal.
provide a certified procedure for the construction of tested
assemblies.
3.1.8 locks, n—fastening device that secures a door or
window assembly against unauthorized use. A lock generally 5.3 The test assembly shall be certified by an independent,
includes the cylinder, bolt, strike, knobs, or levers. third-party testing and certification agency; any change of
F1577 − 05 (2019)
components or assembly methods or processes shall be certi-
fied in writing by the testing certification agency. The agency
shall have the sole authority to decide the extent and scope of
retesting required.
5.4 Test reports shall include complete details and photo-
graphs of the test specimen, the testing apparatus, and instal-
lation instructions including templates for all items of hard-
ware.
6. Test Methods
6.1 A test sample shall consist of a minimum of one lock.
Thetestmethodsthatfollowmayconsistofindependentsetups
and procedures.
6.2 Impact Test—Locks shall comply with the following.
6.2.1 Scope—This test method is designed to evaluate the
capability of a detention lock to resist repeated impact forces.
6.2.2 Significance and Use—This test method is intended to
closely simulate a sustained battering ram-style attack and
provide an evaluation of the capability of the lock to prevent,
delay, or frustrate escape or access to unauthorized areas, or
combination thereof. The test results are intended to aid in
assigning a level of physical security to various configurations
of detention locks.An impact test of this design performed on
a detention lock evaluates the impact strength of the lock and
its components as well as the quality of fabrication techniques.
6.2.3 Apparatus:
6.2.3.1 Impactor—The impactor shall consist of a hinged or
pivoted system with a mass capable of delivering impacts of
200ft·lb(271.2J)toahingedpanelsimulatingadoormounted
FIG. 1 Swing Lock Impactor
in a frame assembly.The striking surface of the impactor shall
be made from C1010–C1020 carbon steel and have a striking
TABLE 1 Impact Test Criteria
2 2
surface area of 4.0 6 0.04 in. (25.8 cm ) (see Fig. 1). (Refer
A
Security Grade Number of Impacts Element of Time
to Appendix X1.)
1 600 60 min
6.2.4 Procedure—Install the lock in a test fixture simulating
2 400 40 min
3 200 20 min
a door and frame assembly.The anchoring method for the lock
4 100 10 min
and the strike, where the strike is normally required with the
A
Element of time is based on the assumption that sustained manpower can
lock, shall accurately simulate the manufacturer’s mounting
deliver 400 blows of 200 ft·lb (271.2 J) each in 40 min. Since 400 blows is the
procedures. Using the test apparatus in accordance with 6.2.3,
number of impacts a Grade 2 lock must absorb and still be operational, in
deliverthenumberofimpactsof200ft·lb(271.2J)asrequired accordance with 6.2.5, it is assumed failure of the Grade 2 lock will occur after 40
min. The element of time assigned to the various grades of locks is adjusted to
for the grade level being tested. See Table 1 for the number of
achieve more manageable time periods than actual calculations provide. The
required impacts. The point of impact shall be on the door
element of time is hypothetical and is offered solely as a design suggestion.
panel along a centerline through the lock bolt space at 6 in.
(152 mm) from the strike.
6.2.5 Test Termination and Conditions of Acceptance—The
6.3.1 The door assembly with the required lock shall be
lock shall remain engaged and the door panel shall remain in
subjectedtofireenduranceandhosestreamtestsinaccordance
place throughout the testing. Failure of the lock to remain
with Methods E152 or equivalent.
engaged or the door panel to remain closed shall constitute
6.3.2 Test Termination and Conditions of Acceptance—The
failure. Upon completion of the impact series, an attempt shall
acceptance criteria of fire ratings shall be in accordance with
be made to manually disengage the lock. If the lock will not
Methods E152, or equivalent. If a manufacturer omits design
disengage by remote or key operation or by use of commonly
options in the fire test, those options will not be permitted in
available hand tools, it shall constitute failure.
production models that are required to carry fire ratings.
6.2.6 Precision and Bias—No information is presented
6.3.3 Precision and Bias—The precision and bias of the fire
abouteithertheprecisionorbiasoftheimpacttestwithinthese
test method within these test methods are essentially as
test methods since the test result is nonquantitative.
specified in the test method utilized (Methods E152 or equiva-
lent).
6.3 Fire Test—When specified for fire doors, locks shall
comply with the following: 6.4 Cylinder Test—Locks shall comply with the following.
F1577 − 05 (2019)
6.4.1 Scope—The lock mechanical key cylinder shall be
tested to evaluate the capabilities of the cylinder and key to
continuously function independent of the lock mechanism
under normal operating conditions. Cycle tests in accordance
with Table 2 shall be performed. Also test the cylinder for
resistance to tool attack, pick resistance, and forcing tests in
accordancewithteststandardsUL-437andUL-1034.Standard
UL-437 is not applicable to a paracentric cylinder lock.
6.4.2 Significance and Use—This test method is intended to
closely simulate continuous or long-term usage of the lock
cylinder and key by repeatedly operating the key and cylinder.
Acycletestofthisdesign,asperformedonacylinderandkey,
evaluates the wear characteristics and fatigue strength of the
cylinder and key independent of the lock as well as the quality
of fabrication techniques. These test methods are intended to
establish the acceptable level of use and resistance of the
cylinder to be violated by a concentrated force or by manipu-
lationwithhandtools.Cylindersareexpectedtoremainlocked FIG. 2 Cylinder Rotation Test Apparatus
after being subjected to operating cycles, relatively short-term
attack by static force and hand tools in accordance with
standards UL-437 and UL-1034.
6.4.3 Apparatus—This test method, utilizing the key and
6.5.1 Scope—This test method evaluates the capabilities of
cylinder, moves and rotates the cylinder mechanisms through
remotely controlled locks to function, under simulated operat-
its locked and unlocked positions. The degree of rotation shall
ing conditions, while lateral force is applied perpendicular to
be 180° either clockwise or counterclockwise. A typical con-
the door face to prohibit lock bolt retractions.
figuration is shown in Fig. 2.
6.5.2 Significance and Use—This test method simulates the
6.4.4 Procedure—The cylinder will be taken through a
remote release (unlocking) of locks while being subjected to a
complete cycle of locking and unlocking, utilizing the appara-
perpendicular lateral force directed to stop lock bolt retraction.
tus in accordance with 6.8.3. A cycle is the insertion and
A test of this design performed on an electric or a pneumatic
rotation to simulate lock bolt retraction and removal of the key
lock evaluates the operating force characteristics and strength
from the cylinder. Determine the total number of cycles in
of the lock and its components as well as the quality of
accordance with Table 2.
fabrication techniques.
6.4.5 Test Termination and Conditions of Acceptance—The
6.5.3 Apparatus:
acceptance criteria shall be in accordance with standards
6.5.3.1 The test fixture shall consist of a satisfactory frame
UL-437 and UL-1034. Testing individual components of the
and a hinged door. An example of such a fixture is shown in
lock is acceptable if each component test is conducted in
Fig. 3 and must incorporate the lock manufacturer’s recom-
accordance with standards UL-437 and UL-1034. The level of
mendations for mounting the lock and strike, where a strike is
performance shall meet the rating of small tool attack and
furnished with the lock.
forcing tests. Cylinders completing the number of cycles
6.5.3.2 The test apparatus shall consist of a loading device,
showninTable2withoutfailurewithonlyperiodiclubrication,
a simulated control panel, and a means for monitoring voltage
key replacement, and adjustment in accordance with the
andcurrentsuppliedtothelock.Whentestingpneumaticlocks,
manufacturer’s recommendations shall be deemed to have
air pressure shall also be monitored. The side-load on the bolt
passed the test.
shall be 83 lbf (369 N).
6.4.6 Precision and Bias—No information is presented
6.5.3.3 Provide a means to adjust the energy to the lock
about either the precision or bias of the cylinder test within
within the parameters specified in 6.5.4.3.
these test methods since the test result is nonquantitative.
6.5.4 Procedure:
6.5 Remote Lock Bolt Retraction Force Test:
6.5.4.1 Mount the test lock and the strike, where the strike
is supplied with the lock, in the test fixture in accordance with
the manufacturer’s recommended installation instructions.
6.5.4.2 Lubricate the lock in accordance with the manufac-
A
TABLE 2 Cylinder and Key Test Cycles
turer’s installation instructions. Do not lubricate the strike or
Type Number of Cycles Cylinder Torque
lock bolt keeper.
Mogul 1 000 000 8 in.·lb (0.9 NM)
B 6.5.4.3 Set the air pressure or voltage output, or both, of the
Builders hardware 100 000 4 in.·lb (0.45 NM)
Paracentric 50 000 tested in lock assembly control panel to the minimum variation allowed by the manu-
A
facturer. Electrical energy should be in compliance with
Cylinders and keys must be capable of successfully completing the test method
inaccordancewith6.6.At83-lbfside-load,thekey,andcylindermustexertatleast
standard UL-1034.
85 in.·lb of torque without breaking.
B 6.5.4.4 Verify that the door and the lock are free from
Builders hardware cycle requirement exceeds ANSI A156.5.
binding before applying the load to the door.
F1577 − 05 (2019)
6.6.2.1 This test method simulates the manual release (un-
locking by key) of a lock while being subjected to a perpen-
dicular lateral force directed to stop the lockbolt retraction.
6.6.2.2 A test of this design performed on a key-operated
lock evaluates the operating force characteristics and strength
of the lock and its components as well as the quality of
fabrication techniques.
6.6.3 Apparatus:
6.6.3.1 The test fixture shall consist of a stationary frame
and a hinged door. The fixture shall be constructed in accor-
dancewithFig.3andmustincorporatethelockmanufacturer’s
recommendations for mounting the lock and strike, where a
strike is furnished with the lock.
6.6.3.2 The test apparatus shall consist of a loading device.
Theside-loadontheboltshallbe83lbf(369N).Thisrequires
that a builder’s hardware key must be capable of exerting 85
in.·lb of torque without breaking.
6.6.4 Procedure:
6.6.4.1 Mount the test lock and the strike, where the strike
is supplied with the lock, in the test fixture in accordance with
the manufacturer’s recommended installation instructions.
6.6.4.2 After the lock is installed in the test fixture in
accordance with 6.5.3.1, engage the lock and check to be sure
that it remains locked.
6.6.4.3 With the latch bolt engaged in the strike, apply the
staticloaddeterminedin6.6.3.2onthepush(stop)sideofdoor.
Apply the required load on the centerline of the lockbolt.
6.6.4.4 While maintaining the specified test load, manually
disengage the lock, allowing the door to operate to the extent
FIG. 3 Latchbolt Side Load Test Apparatus permittedbythetestfixture.Levers,wrenches,orothersimilar
devices are allowed to assist in increasing the mechanical
advantage of the key. The key used shall be representative of
6.5.4.5 With the latch bolt engaged in the strike, apply the
the manufacturer’s production.
static load determined in accordance with 6.7.3.2 on the push
6.6.4.5 Perform 6.6.4.3 and 6.6.4.4 five consecutive times
(stop)sideofdoor.Applytherequiredloadonthecenterlineof
while maintaining the specified perpendicular load.
the lock bolt.
6.6.5 Test Termination and Conditions of Acceptance—
6.5.4.6 Remotely disengage the lock allowing the door to
Inability to retract the lock bolt while maintaining the perpen-
operate to the extent permitted by the test fixture, while
dicular load or breakage, or both, of the key while attempting
maintaining the specified test load.
to unlock the door shall constitute failure.
6.5.4.7 Perform 6.5.4.5 and 6.5.4.6 five consecutive times.
6.6.6 Precision and Bias—No information is presented
The test shall be completed in 15 min.
about either the precision or bias of the mechanical release
6.5.5 Test Termination and Conditions of Acceptance—
force test within these test methods since the test result is
Failure of the lock bolt to retract in any of the five attempts
nonquantitative.
shall constitute failure.
6.5.5.1 Failure of the lock bolt to retract in 10 s or less in
6.7 Remote Operation Cycle Test:
any of the five attempts shall constitute failure.
6.7.1 Scope—This test method evaluates the capabili
...