ASTM E2975-14

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Designation: E2975 − 14
StandardTest Method for
1
Calibration of Concentric Cylinder Rotational Viscometers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2975; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope including Newtonian, non-Newtonian, stress, strain,
viscometer, viscometry, and viscosity.
1.1 This test method describes the calibration (or perfor-
mance validation) of rotational viscometers in which the 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
rotational element is immersed in the test fluid under ambient
3.2.1 apparent viscosity (η), n—viscosity determined by this
temperature conditions. It is not intended for cone-and-plate or
test method.
parallel plate viscometers.
3.2.1.1 Discussion—Because the velocity gradient in this
test method may not be the same at all points of the rotational
1.2 Calibration shall be performed using experimental
element for non-Newtonian fluids, the result determined may
conditions, such as temperature, viscosity range and shear rate
notbethetrueviscosity.Therefore,theviscositydeterminedby
(rotational speed), as close as practical to those to be used for
this test method is called the “apparent viscosity.”
measurement of test specimens.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
4. Summary of Test Method
standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
4.1 An element is rotated in a Newtonian fluid at a known
conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for informa-
(or measured) speed. The viscous drag experienced by the
tion only and are not considered standard.
immersed element is measured (or known) as a torque.
1.3.1 Common viscosity units of Poise (P) are related to the
Viscosity may then be determined from these properties
SI units by the equivalency 1 cP = 1 mPa·s.
(torque and rotational speed) and the dimensions of the
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
rotational element by equations such as Eq 1 and 2.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
η 5 E τ S ⁄ ώ 5 9.55 E τ S ⁄ ν (1)
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- 2 2 2 2
S 5 @~r 2 r ! ⁄ ~4 r r L!# (2)
c g c g
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
where:
2. Referenced Documents
η = viscosity (Pa·s),
2
ώ = rotational speed (revolutions/min),
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E = calibration coefficient (dimensionless),
E473 Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis and Rhe-
τ = torque (N·m),
ology
-3
S = rotational element factor (mm ) supplied by the appa-
E1142 Terminology Relating to Thermophysical Properties
ratus vendor,
E1970 PracticeforStatisticalTreatmentofThermoanalytical
L = length of the cylindrically shaped rotational element
Data
(mm),
3. Terminology
r = radius of the cylindrically shaped rotational element
g
(mm),
3.1 Definitions—Specific technical terms used in this test
r = radius of the cylindrically shaped container (mm), and
c
method are described in Terminologies E473 and E1142
ν = rotational speed (rad/s).
2
NOTE 1—1 Pa = 1 N/m ; 1 cP = 1 mPa·s; 1 rev/min = 0.1047 rad/s.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E37 on Thermal
Measurements and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E37.08 on Rheol-
4.2 Calibration of a viscometer and its associated rotational
ogy.
element may be achieved by comparing the viscosity indicated
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2014. Published August 2014. DOI: 10.1520/
by the apparatus with the known viscosity of a calibration fluid
E2975-14.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or as their product using Eq 3, under experimental conditions
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
used in measuring an unknown fluid:
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. E 5 η ⁄ η (3)
t o
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E2975 − 14
information, a low form Griffin beaker of 600 mL capacity shall be used.
where:
η = the viscosity of the calibration fluid (Pa·s), and
6.1.11 Auxiliary instrumentation considered necessary or
t
η = the viscosity indicated by the apparatus (Pa·s).
useful in conducting this test method includes:
t
6.1.11.1 Data analysis capability to provide viscosity, stress
5. Significance and Use
or other useful quantities derived from measured signals.
5.1 This test method may be used to calibrate a rota
...