ASTM E1257-93(2003)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation:E1257–93 (Reapproved 2003)
Standard Guide for
Evaluating Grinding Materials Used for Surface Preparation
in Spectrochemical Analysis
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1257; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 5. Evaluation of Grinding Materials by Direct Analysis
1.1 This guide covers recommendations for the evaluation 5.1 Table 1 shows an example of semiquantitative spectro-
of various grinding materials used to prepare the surfaces of graphic analysis of various grinding belts from different
specimens to be analyzed by optical emission or X-ray producers. An examination of these analyses identifies the
emission spectroscopy. elements most likely to contaminate the surface of the speci-
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the men. The more critical the element and the lower its concen-
safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the tration in the specimen, the more important are low-level
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- concentrations in the belts.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- 5.1.1 For example, using the 80-grit zircon belt in the
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. determination of 0.5 % chromium, the trace level of chromium
in the belt should cause no problem, but in the determination of
2. Referenced Documents
0.02 % aluminum, that belt probably will cause a problem. In
2.1 ASTM Standards:
the determination of calcium at ppm levels in steel, even low
E 135 Terminology Relating to Analytical Chemistry for levels of calcium in the belts cause problems.
Metals, Ores, and Related Materials
5.2 Figs. 1-6 show energy dispersive X-ray analyses of
variousbeltsandthesamelogicappliedin5.1canbeusedwith
3. Terminology
these analyses. Major components in the belts will cause
3.1 For definitions of terms used in this guide, refer to
greater problems in the determination of these elements.
Terminology E 135.
5.2.1 Direct analysis of the grinding material is particularly
usefulinsuchanalysesasthedeterminationofcalciuminsteel,
4. Significance and Use
where the analyte is generally too inhomogeneous to use the
4.1 The grinding materials used for the preparation of the
methods described in Section 6. This analysis requires a
surfaces of specimens prior to analysis by optical emission or
virtually calcium-free belt as in Fig. 2.
X-ray emission spectroscopy can contaminate the surface and
6. Evaluation of Grinding Materials by Specimen
thus produce erroneous results. This guide provides examples
Examination
oftheeffectsofthesecontaminationsandrecommendationsfor
evaluating grinding materials to eliminate or reduce these
6.1 The effect of grinding materials depends on the analyti-
effects in spectrochemical analysis.
cal method. In optical emission analysis, the preburn will, in
4.2 The examples given in this guide are not the only
general, volatilize the grinding material left on or driven into
contaminationswhichcanoccur.EspeciallyinX-rayspectrom-
the surface (see 6.3). For X-ray emission analysis, the material
etry, all phases of the surface preparation should be examined
left on the surface will be analyzed as being specimen material.
for potential contamination effects.
6.2 Table 2 shows X-ray emission analyses of a steel
4.3 Analytical significance of the contaminations observed
specimen after surfacing with various grinding materials. By
depends on the needs of the analyst for the particular applica-
tabulating the results in this manner, it becomes obvious what
tion at a given concentration level.
problems are occurring from the various grinding materials.
Where there is no change from material to material, beyond the
precision of the method of analysis and the homogeneity of the
material, no contamination has occurred. But where the con-
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E01 on Analytical
Chemistry for Metals, Ores and Related Materials and is the direct responsibility of
centration of a given element appears higher, there has been
Subcommittee E01.20 on Fundamental Practices and Measurement Traceability.
contamination. Such is the case with the determination of
Current edition approved June 10, 2003. Published July 2003. Originally
e1 silicon using the silicon carbide belt and the bonded diamond
approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved as E 1257–93(1998) .
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.05. wheels; with the determination of zirconium using zircon belts;
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E1257–93 (2003)
TABLE 1 Semiquantitative (Spectrographic) Analysis of Grinding Belt Abrasives
80-Grit Silicon Carbide 80-GritAlumina
Concentration,% 80-Grit Zircon
No. 1 No. 2 No. 3 No. 1 No. 2 No. 3
10+ Si Si Si Al Al, Ca Al Al, Ca, Zr
1–10 Ca Ca Ti Si, Na, Fe
0.1–1 Ba, Mg Fe,Al, Na Mg, Si, Ca, Ti Fe, Si, Na Ca Ti, Zn
0.05–0.5 B Fe, B Mg
0.01–0.1 Mn, Na B, Mg Al Ba, B Zr Na Mg
0.005–0.05 V, Cu, Ti, Ni Mn, Ti V, Ca, Na, Ni Mn,
...