ASTM F2379-04(2021)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F2379 − 04 (Reapproved 2021) An American National Standard
Standard Test Method for
Energy Performance of Powered Open Warewashing Sinks
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2379; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.1 This test method evaluates the energy consumption of
powered open warewashing sinks. The food service operator
2. Referenced Documents
can use these tests to evaluate and select a suitable washing
2.1 ASTM Standards:
device and understand its energy consumption.
D3588Practice for Calculating Heat Value, Compressibility
1.2 This test method applies to powered open warewashing
Factor, and Relative Density of Gaseous Fuels
sinks (powered sinks) with the following characteristics: a
2.2 ANSI Standard:
large main water sink with electrically powered water pump(s)
2000 International Fuel Gas Code
andmultiplehighflowwaternozzles.Theunitmayincludegas
or electric heaters to maintain water temperature. These pow-
2.3 ASHRAE Documents:
eredsinksaredesignedtorunforpredeterminedcycleduration
ASHRAE Guideline 2 (RA90)Engineering Analysis of Ex-
and accommodate pots and pans of various shapes and sizes as
perimental Data
well as cooking utensils.They are intended for stand alone use
ASHRAE 1993Fundamentals Handbook
and require little supervision. The powered sink will be tested
for the following (where applicable):
3. Terminology
1.2.1 Maximum energy input rate (10.2),
3.1 Definitions:
1.2.2 Preheat energy consumption and duration (10.3),
3.1.1 powered open warewashing sink, or powered sink,
1.2.3 Idle energy rate (10.4),
n—an all-purpose, stainless steel water sink with electrically
1.2.4 Pilot energy rate, if applicable (10.5), and
powered water pump(s) and multiple high flow water nozzles
1.2.5 Washing cycle energy consumption (10.6).
designed for cleaning pots, pans, and utensils. The main
washingsinkholds60to100galofheatedwater.Theunitmay
NOTE 1—This test method applies only to the powered portion of the
unit. Other compartments (sanitizing, rinsing, and so forth) are not
or may not feature a scrapper sink, rinse tank, sanitizing tank,
evaluated.
scrap table, or a drain table, or both.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
3.1.2 test method, n—a definitive procedure for the
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
identification, measurement, and evaluation of one or more
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
qualities, characteristics, or properties of a material, product,
and are not considered standard.
system, or service that produces test results.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.3 uncertainty, n—measure of systematic and precision
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
errors in specified instrumentation or measure of repeatability
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
of a reported test result.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.2.1 energy input rate, n—peak rate at which a powered
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
sink consumes energy (Btu/h or kW (kJ/h)).
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F26 on Food the ASTM website.
Service Equipment and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F26.06 on Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
Productivity and Energy Protocol. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2021. Published December 2021. Originally Available from American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-
approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as F2379– 04 (2016). Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (ASHRAE), 1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA
DOI: 10.1520/F2379-04R21. 30329, http://www.ashrae.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F2379 − 04 (2021)
3.2.2 idle energy rate, n—the rate of energy consumed 5.3 Idle energy rate and pilot energy rate can be used to
(Btu/h or kW (kJ/h)) by the powered sink while holding or estimate energy consumption during standby periods.
maintaining a water-filled wash sink at the 115°F (46°C)
5.4 Washing cycle energy consumption can be used by the
setpoint.
food service operator to estimate energy consumption during
3.2.3 pilot energy rate, n—average rate of energy consump-
operating periods.
tion (Btu/h) by a powered sink’s continuous pilot (if appli-
cable).
6. Apparatus
3.2.4 preheat energy, n—amountofenergyconsumedbythe
6.1 Barometer, for measuring absolute atmospheric
powered sink while preheating the wash sink water from 70 6
pressure, to be used for adjustment of measured natural gas
5°F (21 6 3°C) to 115°F (46°C), with the control(s) set to a
volume to standard conditions. Shall have a resolution of 0.2
calibrated 115°F (46°C).
in. Hg and an uncertainty of 0.2 in. Hg.
3.2.5 preheat rate, n—average rate (°F/min) at which the
6.2 Calibrated Exposed Junction Thermocouple Probes,
powered sink’s water is heated from 70 6 5°F (21 6 3°C) to
with a range from 50 to 200°F (10 to 93°C), with a resolution
115°F (46°C), with the control(s) set to a calibrated 115°F
of 0.2°F (0.1°C) and an uncertainty of 0.5°F (0.3°C), for
(46°C).
measuring the average temperature of the sink water, heating
3.2.6 preheat time, n—time required for the powered sink
element temperature, and ambient air temperature.
water to preheat from 70 6 5°F (21 6 3°C) to 115°F (46°C),
6.3 Gas Meter, for measuring the gas consumption of the
with the control(s) set to a calibrated 115°F (46°C).
powered sink (if applicable), shall have a resolution of at least
3 3
3.2.7 washing energy, n—amount of energy consumed (Btu
0.01 ft (0.0003 m ) and a maximum uncertainty no greater
or kWh (kJ)) during the powered sink’s washing cycle.
than 1% of the measured value for any demand greater than
3 3
3.2.8 washing energy rate, n—average rate of energy con- 2.2ft /h(0.06m /h).Ifthemeterisusedformeasuringthegas
sumption (Btu/h or kW (kJ/h)) during the powered sink’s consumed by pilot lights, it shall have a resolution of at least
3 3
washing cycle. 0.01 ft (0.0003 m ) and have a maximum uncertainty no
greater than 2% of the measured value.
4. Summary of Test Method
6.4 Pressure Gage, for monitoring natural gas pressure.
4.1 The powered sink under test is connected to the appro- Shallhavearangeofzeroto10in.H O,aresolutionof0.5in.
priate metered energy supply. The measured energy input rate
H O, and a maximum uncertainty of 1% of the measured
is determined and checked against the rated input before value.
continuing with testing.
6.5 Primary Supply, water heating system capable of sup-
4.2 The amount of cold (70 6 5°F (21 6 3°C)) water plying water at 115 6 5°F (46 6 3°C), as required by the
required to fill the main water sink to capacity is measured.
powered sink.
4.3 The amount of energy and time required to preheat the
6.6 Stop Watch, with a 1-s resolution.
powered sink’s wash sink from 70 6 5°F (21 6 3°C) to 115°F
6.7 Temperature Sensor, for measuring natural gas tempera-
(46°C) is determined.
ture in the range of 50 to 100°F (10 to 37.8°C), with a
4.4 The rate of idle energy consumption is determined with
resolution of 0.5°F (0.3°C) and an uncertainty of 61°F
the powered sink set to maintain 115°F (46°C) and the pump
(0.6°C).
motor(s) switched off.
6.8 ThermocoupleProbe,industrystandardtypeTortypeK
4.5 Pilotenergyrateisdetermined,whenapplicable,forgas
thermocouples capable of immersion with a range of 50 to
powered sinks.
200°F (10 to 93°C) and an uncertainty of 61°F.
4.6 Washing cycle energy consumption is characterized for
6.9 Watt-Hour Meter, for measuring the electrical energy
two different starting water temperatures: 70°F (21°C) and
consumption of a powered sink, shall have a resolution of at
115°F (46°C).
least 10Wh and a maximum uncertainty no greater than 1.5%
of the measured value for any demand greater than 100W. For
5. Significance and Use
any demand less than 100 W, the meter shall have a resolution
of at least 10 Wh and a maximum uncertainty no greater than
5.1 The energy input rate test is used to confirm that the
10%.
powered sink is operating properly prior to further testing.
5.2 Preheat energy and time can be useful to food service
7. Reagents and Materials
operators to manage power demands and to know how quickly
the powered sink can be ready for operation when filled with 7.1 Water, to fill the water sink shall meet the manufactur-
cold water. er’s specifications for quality and hardness.
NOTE 2—It is typically recommended that powered sinks be filled with
7.2 Powered Sink Detergent, to be added to the water shall
hotwaterpriortouse.Thistestisusefulforoperationsthathavealimited
meet power washer manufacturer’s specifications for type and
supply of domestic hot water and would need to use cold water to fill the
sink to capacity. amount. Otherwise, the detergent shall be a standard liquid
F2379 − 04 (2021)
NOTE 3—It is the intent of the test procedure herein to evaluate the
type with labeling specifying use in power washers and four
performanceofapoweredsinkatitsratedgaspressureorelectricvoltage.
ounces (4 oz) shall be added to the primary wash tank for all
If an electric powered sink is rated dual voltage (that is, designed to
tests.
operateateither208or240Vwithnochangeincomponents),thevoltage
selected by the manufacturer or tester, or both, shall be reported. If a
8. Sampling and Test Units
powered sink is designed to operate at two voltages without a change in
the resistance of the heating elements, the performance of the powered
8.1 Powered Sink—Arepresentative production model with
sink (for example, the preheat time) may differ at the two voltages.
heater shall be selected for performance testing.
9.4 Foragaspoweredsink,adjust(duringmaximumenergy
9. Preparation of Apparatus
input) the gas supply pressure downstream from the powered
sink’s pressure regulator to within 62.5% of the operating
9.1 Installtheapplianceinaccordancewiththemanufactur-
manifold pressure specified by the manufacturer. Make adjust-
er’s instructions and under a dedicated hood if necessary. Both
ments to the powered sink following the manufacturer’s
sides of the powered sink shall be a minimum of 6 in. (305
recommendations for optimizing combustion.
mm) from any wall, side partition, or other operating appli-
ance.Theassociatedheatingorcoolingsystemshallbecapable
9.5 Install a temperature sensor to record ambient tempera-
ofmaintaininganambienttemperatureof75 65°F(24 63°C)
tures of the test room. Measure the height of the powered sink.
within the testing environment when the exhaust ventilation
Thesensorshallbeplaced24in.(610mm)awayfromthefront
system or the powered sink, or both, are operating.
of the powered sink and at a height of half the powered sink’s
height.
9.2 Connect the powered sink to a calibrated energy test
meter. For gas installations, install a pressure regulator down-
9.6 Firmly attach eight thermocouple probes evenly along
stream from the meter to maintain a constant pressure of gas
the front and rear sides of the water sink only. For the front
for all tests. Install instrumentation to record both the pressure
wall, two thermocouple probes shall be located ( ⁄3 × height of
andtemperatureofthegassuppliedtothepoweredsinkandthe
the water fill line from the bottom), above the bottom of the
barometric pressure during each test so that the measured gas
sink ( ⁄3 × width of the sink), and one from the right and one
flow can be corrected to standard conditions. For electric
from the left wall. Two more thermocouples shall be located
installations, a voltage regulator may be required if the voltage
( ⁄3 × height of the water fill line from the bottom), above the
supply is not within 62.5% of the manufacturer’s nameplate
bottom of the sink ( ⁄3 × width of the sink), and one from the
voltage. For gas powered sinks, record gas temperature,
right and one from the left wall. These steps shall be repeated
pressure, and heating value. Record barometric pressure.
exactly for the rear wall. See Fig. 1. For example, for a water
9.3 For an electric powered sink, confirm (while the pow- sinkwithafrontwalldimensionof18in.tothefilllineand48
ered sink elements are energized) that the supply voltage is in.fromlefttorightshallhavetwothermocoupleslocated6in.
within 62.5% of the operating voltage specified by the from the bottom at 16 in. from either side and two thermo-
manufacturer (see Note 3). Record the voltage for each test. couples 12 in. from the bottom and 16 in. from either side.
Pump and heater energy consumption shall be separately Repeat for rear wall. (See Fig. 1 for thermocouple location
monitored and reported for all tests. illustration.)
FIG. 1 Diagram of Thermocouple Placement per 9.6
F2379 − 04 (2021)
10. Procedure be terminated and the manufacturer contacted if the difference
is greater than 5%. The manufacturer may make appropriate
10.1 General:
changes or adjustments to the unit or choose to supply an
10.1.1 For gas powered sinks, record the following for each
alternative unit for testing. It is the intent of the test procedure
test run:
herein to evaluate the performance of a powered sink at its
10.1.1.1 Higher heating value,
rated energy input rate.
10.1.1.2 Standard gas pressure and temperature used to
correct measured gas volume to standard conditions, 10.3 Preheat Energy Consumption and Duration:
10.1.1.3 Measured gas temperature,
NOTE 5—The preheat test should be conducted prior to powered sink
10.1.1.4 Measured gas pressure,
operation on the day of the test.
10.1.1.5 Barometric pressure, and
10.3.1 Starting with the unit at room temperature, fill the
10.1.1.6 Energy input rate during or immediately prior to
main water sink with 70 6 5°F (21 6 3°C) water. Monitor the
test.
average temperature of the water as washer is filled. If the
NOTE4—Foragasappliance,thequantityofheat(energy)generatedby
average temperature is not 70 6 5°F (21 6 3°C), then hot and
thecompletecombustionofthefuelisknownastheheatingvalue,heatof
cold water may be mixed to attain this starting temperature.
combustion, or calorific value of that fuel. For natural gas, this heating
Furthermore, all other tanks connected/adjacent to the primary
value varies according to the constituents of the gas. It is measured in
3 wash tank must be kept empty. Record the time required to fill
Btu/ft .The heating value shall be obtained during testing and used in the
the sink.
determination of the energy input to the appliance. Using a calorimeter or
gas chromatograph in accordance with accepted laboratory procedures is
10.3.2 If an optional sink cover is provided with the unit, it
the preferred method for determining the higher heating value of gas
must be used to cover the wash tank during all tests.
supplied to the powered sink under test. It is recommended that all testing
10.3.3 Recordthetemperatureofthewaterinthesink.Start
be performed with gas having a higher heating value of 1000 to 1075
the preheat and activate the pump. Begin monitoring energy
Btu/ft . The use of “bottle” natural gas with a certified heating value
3 3
within the specified 1000 to 1075 Btu/ft (37300 to 40100 kJ/m ) range consumption and time as soon as the heating elements are
is an acceptable alternative.
energized. Preheat is judged complete when the average water
temperature reaches 115°F (46°C). Record energy
10.1.2 For gas powered sinks, record all electric energy
consumption along with gas energy for all tests, with the consumption, elapsed time, and final water temperature when
the heating elements cycle off.
exception of the energy input rate test (see 10.2).
10.1.3 For electric powered sinks, the following shall be
10.4 Idle Energy Rate:
obtained and recorded for each run of every test.
10.4.1 If an optional sink cover is provided with the unit, it
10.1.3.1 Voltage while heating element is energized,
must be used to cover the wash tank during all tests.
10.1.3.2 Electricity consumed where applicable, and
10.4.2 Allow powered sink to idle for at least 30 min after
10.1.3.3 Measured energy input rate during test run.
preheat.
10.1.4 For electric powered sinks, separately record and
10.4.3 Withthepumpmotor(s)turnedoff,commencemoni-
report pump and heater energy consumption.
toringtheelapsedtimeandenergyconsumptionofthepowered
10.1.5 For each test run, confirm that the peak input rate is
sink as it maintains operating temperature for a minimum of 2
within 65% of the rated nameplate input. If the difference is
h.
greater than 5%, testing shall be terminated and the manufac-
10.5 Pilot Energy Rate (Gas Models with Standing Pilots):
turer contacted. The manufacturer may make appropriate
10.5.1 Where applicable, set the gas valve that controls gas
changes or adjustments to the washer.
supply to the appliance at the “pilot” position. Otherwise, set
10.1.6 For each test run, the correct amount and type of
the powered sink temperature controls to the “off” position, if
detergent must be present and thoroughly mixed with the main
adjustable.
tankwateraccordingtothemanufacturer’sdirections(see7.2).
10.5.2 Light and adjust pilots according to the manufactur-
10.2 Maximum Energy Input Rate:
er’s instructions.
10.2.1 Fillthepoweredsinktotheindicatedfilllinewith70
10.5.3 Record the gas reading after a minimum of8hof
6 5°F (21 6 3°C) water. Measure and record the amount of
pilot operation.
water required to fill the powered sink to the manufacturer’s
recommended fill level. 10.6 Washing Cycle Energy Consumption:
10.2.2 Turn the powered sink on with the temperature 10.6.1 Conduct the washing cycle test a minimum of three
control(s) set to the maximum setting. times for each starting temperature without any objects in the
10.2.3 Monitor the consumption of energy for 15 min after main water sink. If an optional sink cover is provided with the
theunitisturnedon(orallburnershaveignited).Ifthepreheat unit, it must be used to cover the wash tank during all tests.
time is less than 15 min (that is, the burners or elements have Additional test runs may be necessary to obtain the required
commenced cycling in that time), monitor the energy con- precision for the reported test results (see Annex A1).
sumption and time after the unit is turned on until the first 10.6.2 Starting with the unit at room temperature, fill the
burner or element cycles off.
main water sink with 70 6 5°F (21 6 3°C) water. Monitor the
10.2.4 Confirmthatthemeasuredinputrateorpower(Btu/h average temperature of the water as washer is filled. If the
for a gas powered sink and kWfor an electric powered sink) is average temperature is not 70 6 5°F (21 6 3°C), then hot and
within5%oftheratednameplateinputorpower.Testingshall cold water may be mixed to attain this starting temperature.
F2379 − 04 (2021)
10.6.3 Start wash cycle (heating element and pump on) and
=
gasgagepressure, psig1barometricpressure, psia
begin recording all temperatures, relevant energy consumption
absolutestandardpressure, psia
values, and heating element on time for 2 h. Stop all pumping
NOTE 6—Absolute standard gas temperature and pressure used in this
and record all relevant data.
calculation should be the same values used for determining the higher
10.6.4 Drain the wash sink and allow the powered sink to
heating value. Standard conditions using Practice D3588 are 14.696 psia
stabilize at room temperature for a minimum of 2 h. (101.33 kPA) and 60°F (519.67°R, (288.71°K)).
10.6.5 Fill the main water sink with 115 6 5°F (46 6 3°C)
11.4 Maximum Energy Input Rate:
water. Monitor the average temperature of the water as washer
11.4.1 Report the manufacturer’s rated energy input (name-
is filled. If the average temperature is not 115 6 5°F (46 6
plate) in kW.
3°C), then hot and cold water may be mixed to attain this
11.4.2 Calculate and report the maximum energy input rate
starting temperature.
(kW) based on the energy consumed by the powered sink
10.6.6 Start wash cycle (heating element and pump on) and
during the preheat period using the following:
begin recording all temperatures, relevant energy consumption
E 360
values, and heating element on time for 2 h. Stop all pumping
q 5 (2)
input
t
and record all relevant data.
10.6.7 Perform runs #2 and #3 by repeating 10.6.2 through
where:
10.6.6. Follow the procedure in Annex A1 to determine
q = measured peak energy input rate, kW,
input
whether more than thr
...