ASTM F1383-20

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: F1383 − 12 F1383 − 20
Standard Test Method for
Permeation of Liquids and Gases Through Protective
Clothing Materials Under Conditions of Intermittent Contact
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1383; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ε NOTE—Editorially corrected 8.8.1 in February 2015.
INTRODUCTION
Workers involved in the production, use, and transportation of liquid and gaseous chemicals can be
exposed to numerous compounds capable of causing harm upon contact with the human body. The
deleterious health effects of these chemicals can range from acute trauma such as skin irritation and
burn, to chronic degenerative disease such as and mutagenic conditions, including cancer. Since
engineering controls may not eliminate all possible exposures, attention is often placed on reducing
the potential for direct skin contact through the use of protective clothing that resists permeation,
penetration, and degradation.
This test method is used to measure the resistance to permeation under the condition of intermittent
contact of the protective clothing material with liquid or gaseous chemicals. Resistance to permeation
and penetration under conditions of continuous contact should be determined by Test Methods F739
and F903, respectively. In certain situations, the permeation of liquids through protective clothing
materials can be measured using a permeation cup following Test Method F1407. An undesirable
change in the physical properties of protective clothing materials is called degradation. Methods for
measuring the degradation of rubbers, plastics, and coated fabricsmaterials are found in Test
MethodsMethod D471, Test Method Practice D543, and Test Method D751, respectively. A starting
point for selecting the chemicals to be used in assessing the chemical resistance of clothing materials
is Guide F1001.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method measures the permeation of liquids and gases through protective clothing materials under the condition of
intermittent contact.
1.2 This test method is designed for use when the test chemical is a gas or a liquid;liquid, where the liquid is either volatile (that
is, having a vapor pressure greater than 1 mm Hg at 25°C)25 °C) or soluble in water or another liquid that does not interact with
the clothing material.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to
inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F23 on Personal Protective Clothing and Equipment and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
F23.30 on Chemicals.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2012Nov. 1, 2020. Published October 2012November 2020. Originally approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 20112012
as F1383 - 11.F1383 – 12. DOI: 10.1520/F1383-12E01.10.1520/F1383-20.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F1383 − 20
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 7.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D471 Test Method for Rubber Property—Effect of Liquids
D543 Practices for Evaluating the Resistance of Plastics to Chemical Reagents
D751 Test Methods for Coated Fabrics
D1777 Test Method for Thickness of Textile Materials
E105 Practice for Probability Sampling of Materials
E171E171/E171M Practice for Conditioning and Testing Flexible Barrier Packaging
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
F739 Test Method for Permeation of Liquids and Gases Through Protective Clothing Materials Under Conditions of Continuous
Contact
F903 Test Method for Resistance of Materials Used in Protective Clothing to Penetration by Liquids
F1001 Guide for Selection of Chemicals to Evaluate Protective Clothing Materials
F1194 Guide for Documenting the Results of Chemical Permeation Testing of Materials Used in Protective Clothing
F1407 Test Method for Resistance of Chemical Protective Clothing Materials to Liquid Permeation—Permeation Cup Method
F1494 Terminology Relating to Protective Clothing
2.2 ISO Standard:
ISO 6529 Protective Clothing—Determination of Resistance of Protective Clothing Materials to Permeation by Liquids and
Gases
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 analytical technique, n—a procedure whereby the concentration of the test chemical in a collection medium is quantitatively
determined.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—
These procedures are often specific to individual chemical and collection medium combinations. Applicable techniques can
include, but are not limited toto: flame ionization, photo ionization, electro-chemical, ultraviolet, and infrared spectrophotometry,
gas and liquid chromatography, colorimetry, length-of-stain detector tubes, and radionuclide tagging/detection counting.
3.1.2 breakthrough detection time, n—the elapsed time measured from the initial exposure to the test chemical to the sampling
time that immediately precedes the sampling time at which the test chemical is first detected. (See Fig. 1.)
3.1.2.1 Discussion—
The breakthrough detection time is dependent on the sensitivity of the method. (See Fig. 1 and Appendix X1.)
3.1.3 closed-loop, adj—refers to a testing mode in which there is no change in the volume of the collection medium except for
sampling.
3.1.4 collection medium, n—a liquid, gas, or solid that absorbs, adsorbs, dissolves, suspends, or otherwise captures the test
chemical and does not affect the measured permeation.
3.1.5 contact time, n—in an intermittent contact test, the duration during each cycle that the test chemical side chamber side of
the permeation cell is filled with the test chemical.
3.1.6 cumulative permeation, n—the total mass of chemical that permeates a specific area of protective clothing material during
a specified time from when the material is first contacted by the test chemical.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
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NOTE 1—In an intermittent contact test, it is possible that the permeation rate will exceed, then go below, and then again exceed a permeation rate of
2 2
0.1 μg/cm /min. If this occurs, the standardized breakthrough time is the first occurrence of the permeation rate exceeding 0.1 μg/cm /min.
FIG. 1 The Breakthrough Detection Time for a Method Sensitivity of 0.05 μg/cm /min is 2324 min. The Standardized Breakthrough De-
tection Time is 33 min.
3.1.6.1 Discussion—
Quantification of cumulative permeation enables the comparison of permeation behaviors under different intermittent and
continuous contact conditions.
3.1.7 cycle time, n—in an intermittent contact test, the interval of time from the start of one contact period to the start of the next
contact period.
3.1.8 degradation, n—a deleterious change in one or more properties of a material.
3.1.8.1 Discussion—
For protective clothing materials, changes in physical properties are typically of most interest.
3.1.9 minimum detectable mass permeated, n—the smallest mass of test chemical that is detectable with the complete permeation
test system.
3.1.9.1 Discussion—
This value is not necessarily the sensitivity of the analytical instrument.
3.1.10 minimum detectable permeation rate, n—the lowest rate of permeation that is measurable with the complete permeation test
system.
3.1.10.1 Discussion—
This value is not necessarily the sensitivity of the analytical instrument.
3.1.11 normalized breakthrough time, n—the time at which the permeation rate reaches 1.0 μg ⁄cm /min.
3.1.12 open-loop, adj—refers to a testing mode in which fresh collection medium flows continuously through the collection
chamber of the test cell.
3.1.13 penetration, n—for chemical protective clothing, the movement of substances a substance through voids in protective
clothing materials or items material or the protective clothing item on a non-molecular level.
3.1.13.1 Discussion—
Voids include gaps, pores, holes, and imperfections in closures, seams, interfaces, and protective clothing materials. Penetration
does not require a change inof state; solid chemicals move through voids in materials as solids, liquids as liquids, and gases as
gases. Penetration is a distinctly different mechanism from permeation.
3.1.14 permeation, n—for chemical protective clothing, the movementsmovement of chemicalschemical(s) as molecules through
protective clothing materials by the processes of: (1) absorption of the chemical into the contact surface of the materials,material,
(2) diffusion of the absorbed molecules throughout the material, and (3) desorption of the chemical from the opposite surface of
the material.
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3.1.14.1 Discussion—
Permeation is a distinctly different mechanism from penetration.
3.1.15 protective clothing, n—item of clothing that is specifically designed and constructed for the intended purpose of isolating
all or part of the body from a potential hazard; or, isolating the external environment from contamination by the wearer of the
clothing.
3.1.16 purge time, n—in an intermittent contact test, the time immediately following the termination of the contact time when the
test chemical is removed from the test chemical side chamber side and air or nitrogen is blown over the outside surface of the
protective clothing material.
3.1.17 seam, n—a line along which two pieces of material are joined together in protective clothing.
3.1.17.1 Discussion—
Common ways that seams are constructed include sewing with thread, welding with heat, taping, gluing, or combinations thereof.
3.1.18 standardized breakthrough time, n—the first time at which the permeation rate reaches 0.1 μg/cm /min (see Fig. 1).
3.1.19 test chemical, n—the solid, liquid, gas or mixture thereof, used to evaluate the performance of a protective clothing
material.
3.1.19.1 Discussion—
The liquid or gas may be either one component (for example, a neat liquid or gas) or have several components (for example, a
mixture). To be tested with this method, a solid must be soluble in a liquid or have a vapor pressure greater than 1 mm Hg at 25 °C.
3.1.20 volatile liquid, n—a liquid with a vapor pressure greater than 1 mm Hg at 25 °C.
3.2 For other protective clothing definitions, refer to Terminology F1494.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The permeation of chemical(s) through a protective clothing material is assessed by measuring the breakthrough detection
time, standardized breakthrough time, normalized breakthrough time, and subsequent permeation rate through replicate specimens
of the material intermittently contacted with the chemical.
4.2 In the permeation test apparatus, the protective clothing material specimen partitions the test chemical from the collection
medium.
4.2.1 Contact of the test chemical with the clothing material’s outside surface is made intermittent by periodically adding and
removing the test chemical from the test chemical chamber side of the test cell.
4.2.2 The collection medium is analyzed quantitatively for its concentration of the test chemical and therebyand, thereby, the
amount of that chemical that has permeated the barrier protective clothing material specimen as a function of time after its initial
contact with the material.
4.2.3 By either graphical representation or appropriate calculations, or both, the breakthrough detection time, the standardized
breakthrough time, normalized breakthrough time, and the cumulative permeation of the test chemical are determined.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This test method is used to measure chemical permeation through specimens of protective clothing under the condition of
intermittent contact of a test chemical with the specimen. In many applications, protective clothing is contacted intermittently to
chemicals, not continuously as is tested by Test Method F739.
5.2 This test method is normally used to evaluate flat specimens and seams from finished items of protective clothing and of
materials that are candidates for items of protective clothing.
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5.2.1 Finished items of protective clothing include gloves, arm shields, sleeves, aprons, suits, hats, coveralls, hoods, boots,
respirators, and the like.
5.2.2 The phrase specimens“specimens from finished itemsitems” encompasses seamedseams or other discontinuous regions as
well as the usual continuous regions of protective clothing items.
5.2.3 Selected seams for testing are representative of seams used in the principal construction of the protective clothing item and
typically include seams of both the base material and where the base material is joined with other types of materials.
5.3 In some cases, it may be of interest to compare permeation behaviors that occur under conditions of intermittent contact with
those that occur during continuous contact. Test Method F739 is recommended for measuring permeation under the conditions of
continuous contact of the test chemical with the protective clothing specimen.
5.4 The breakthrough detection time, standardized breakthrough time, and the cumulative permeation are key measures of the
effectiveness of a clothing material as to be a barrier to the test chemical. Such information is used in the comparison of clothing
materials during the process of selecting clothing for protection from hazardous chemicals. Long breakthrough detection times and
standardized breakthrough times and low amounts of cumulative permeation are characteristics of better barriers. more effective
barrier materials than materials with higher permeation characteristics.
NOTE 1—At present, there is limited quantitative information exists about acceptable levels of dermal contact with most chemicals. Therefore, the data
obtained using this test method cannot be used to infer safe exposure levels.
5.4.1 The reporting of a standardized breakthrough time greater than a specific time period does not mean that no chemical has
permeated through the protective clothing material assince the standard breakthrough time is determined based on the permeation
rate reaching a level of 0.1 μg/cm min, indicating that some chemical has/min. Some chemical had already permeated the
specimen prior to the reported standardized breakthrough time.
5.4.2 Cumulative permeation represents the mass that permeates through a protective clothing material over a specific period of
time for a specific surface area of material. It is possible to use this information to model how much chemical can enter an item
The reporting of cumulative permeation over a specified test period is another means to report barrier performance of protective
clothing for a particular exposure based on a knowledge of the exposed surface area, the free volume inside the protective clothing
item, and amount of air mixing or air exchange for the protective clothing item.resistance to permeation. This measurement
quantifies the total amount of chemical that passed through a known area of the material during the specified test period.
NOTE 2—It is possible to relate cumulative permeation test results to the total amount of chemical to which an individual wearer may be exposed by
accounting for the exposed surface area and the underlying air layer. This information has potential value when there are known maximum permitted skin
exposure doses for specific chemicals.
5.5 The sensitivity of the test method in detecting low permeation rates or amounts of the test chemical permeated is determined
by the combination of: (1) the analytical technique and collection system selected, and (2) the ratio of material specimen area to
collection medium volume or flow rate.
5.5.1 The analytical technique employed shouldshall be capable of measuring the concentration of the test chemical in the
collection medium at,at or below, levels below 0.05 μg consistent ⁄cm with standardized breakthrough time value specified in
/min.3.1.15.
5.5.2 Often, permeation tests will require measurement of the test chemical over several orders of magnitude in concentration,
requiring adjustments in either the sample collection volume or concentration/dilution, or the analytical instrument settings over
the course of the test.
5.5.3 Higher ratios of material specimen area to collection medium volume or flow rate permit earlier detection of permeation
because higher concentrations of the test chemical in the collection medium will develop in a given time period, relative to those
that would occur at lower ratios.
5.5.4 The sensitivity of an open-loop system is characterized by its minimum detectable permeation rate. A method for
determining this value is presented in Appendix X1.
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NOTE 1—The clothing material specimen is oriented such that its normally outside surface (as worn by a user) faces the test chemical chamber.
FIG. 23 ASTM Permeation Cell Configured for Intermittent Contact Testing (Top View)
5.5.5 The sensitivity of a closed-loop system is characterized by its minimum detectable mass permeated.
5.6 Comparison of results of tests performed with different permeation test systems requires specific information on the test cell,
procedures, contact and purge times, and analytical techniques. Results obtained from closed-loop and open-loop testing may not
be directly comparable.
5.7 While this method specifies standardized breakthrough time as the time at which the permeation rate reaches 0.1 μg ⁄cm /min,
it is acceptable to continue the testing and also report a normalized breakthrough time at a permeation rate of 1.0 μg ⁄cm /min.
5.7.1 It is permitted to terminate tests early if there is catastrophic permeation of the chemical through the protective clothing
material and the rate of permeation could overwhelm the capability of the selected analytical technique.
5.8 A group of chemicals that is recommended for use commonly used in permeation testing is given in Guide F1001.
5.9 Guide F1194 provides a recommended approach for reporting permeation test results.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Thickness Gauge, suitable for measuring thicknesses to the nearest 0.02 mm (or the nearest 0.001 in.), as specified in Test
Method D1777, shall be used to determine the thickness of each protective clothing material specimen tested.
6.2 Analytical Balance, readable and reproducible to 60.5 mg 60.5 mg, shall be used to determine weight per unit area of each
test specimen.
6.3 Test Cell—The test apparatus consists of a two-chambered cell for contacting the specimen with the test chemical on the
specimen’s normally outside surface and with a collection medium on the specimen’s normal inside surface. See Fig. 2.
NOTE 3—Use of a 2 in. (50 mm) diameter cell (Fig. 2(b)) is preferred over a 1 in. (25 mm) diameter cell (Fig. 2(a)) due to higher ratios of material
specimen surface area to collection medium volume.
NOTE 4—Select test cell based on the challenge chemical and most appropriate analytical method.
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NOTE 1—In each image, the closed chamber is on the right and the flow chamber is on the left of the assembly.
FIG. 2 Test Cell Setup—(a) 1 in. Diameter Cell; (b) 2 in. Diameter Cell
6.3.1 The test cell,chambers are as shown in Fig. 2, is constructed of two sections of straight glass pipe, each nominally sized to
a 25.4 mm (1.0 in.) diameter.of two types: Materials other than glass may be used. Such materials would be required for tests
involving chemicals (for example, hydrofluoric acid), which are incompatible with glass. The section that is designated to contain
the test chemical is 25.4 mm (1.0 in.) in length. The second section, which is designated to contain the collection medium, is 32
mm (1.2 in.) or less in length.
6.3.1.1 Closed Chamber—The closed chamber contains a fixed volume of liquid and a straight bore, standard taper spout for
adding challenge chemical or collection medium. Small volumes of collection medium may be removed with or without
replacement for analysis. The 1 in. closed chamber is 23 mm (0.917 in.) in length and 25.3 mm (1.0 in.) internal diameter (see
Fig. 2(a)). The internal volume of the closed chamber is 17.1 mL. The 2 in. closed chamber is 22.0 mm (0.87 in.) in length and
50 mm (2.0 in.) internal diameter (see Fig. 2(b)). The internal volume of the closed chamber is 48 mL.
6.3.1.2 Flow Chamber—The flow chamber has inlet and outlet ports with valves through which a challenge chemical or a
collection medium flows during the test. The flow chamber is used for continuously passing a gaseous challenge over the normally
outside surface of the test specimen, or continuously passing a gaseous or liquid collection medium over the normally inside
surface of the test specimen. The 1 in. flow chamber is 31 mm (1.25 in.) in length and 25.3 mm (1.0 in.) internal diameter. The
inlet and outlet ports have 4 mm (0.19 in.) internal diameters (see Fig. 2(a)). The internal volume of the flow chamber is 17.8 mL.
The 2 in. flow chamber is 35 mm (1.38 in.) in length and 50 mm (2.0 in.) internal diameter. The inlet and outlet ports have 4 mm
(0.16 in.) internal diameters (see Fig. 2(b)). The internal volume of the flow chamber is 68.7 mL.
6.3.1.3 The open open, circular end of each chamber is flared to create a flange that facilitates clamping the chambers together.
6.3.1.4 Inlet and outlet ports with valves, if desired, are added to each chamber to enable the introduction and withdrawal of test
chemical and collection medium, if appropriate. The collection medium inlet tube should direct the collection medium directly
towards the center of the clothing material specimen. The inside diameter of tubing, ports, stopcocks, etc. should be at least 2 mm
(0.08 in.) to prevent undesirable pressure differences in the system.Use chemically inert and non-absorptive test cell parts that
contact the test chemical.
NOTE 5—The standard closed and flow chambers are made of glass. Test chemicals (for example, hydrofluoric acid) that are corrosive to glass require
chambers constructed of alternative materials.
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
The test cell as shown inclosed and flow chambers are Fig. 2 is available from Pesce Lab Sales, P.O. Box 235, 226 Birch St., Inc. 355 N. Lincoln St, Kennett Square,
PA 19348.
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6.3.1.3 Each chamber may also be equipped with a straight bore, standard taper spout. This spout may be useful for adding and
removing test chemical and collection medium. The spouts may also be used to introduce stirrers into the chambers.
6.3.1.4 Upon assembly, the clothing material is clamped between the two chambers by means of a yoke having at least three bolts.
Two PTFE gaskets having smooth, rounded edges are used at the joint, with the clothing material between them.
6.3.2 Select the test cell configuration based on the challenge chemical and most appropriate analytical method.
NOTE 6—The configuration can be of two closed chambers, two flow chambers, or one closed and one flow chamber.
6.3.2.1 When the flow chamber contains the challenge chemical, the chemical is introduced through the longer stem that goes all
the way to the end of the chamber. A shorter stem on the side of the test chamber provides the challenge chemical a means of exit
from the test chamber. This mode of entry and exit of the challenge chemical aids in mixing of the chemical inside the test chamber.
Flow of the challenge chemical must be regulated such that its composition and the concentration do not change over time.
6.3.2.2 The open end of each chamber is flared to create a flange that facilitates clamping the chambers together.
6.3.3 Discussion—Additional Information: The bolts shall be tightened with sufficient torque to prevent leakage of the test
chemical or the collection medium but avoid damage to the clothing material or the test cell.
6.3.3.1 Leak-tight Make leak-tight connections to the collection chamber inlet and outlet tube must be made. In addition, all tubing
coming into contact with the test chemical should be made from material that does not absorb or react with the test chemical. Glass,
PTFE, or stainless steel can be used in most cases. Connections of external tubing to the glass inlet and outlet ports of the test cell
chambers can be made by means of PTFE pressure-fit union connectors.
6.3.3.2 In closed-loop tests where increased analytical sensitivity is required, use a shorter length chamber to reduce the volume
of the collection medium. This increases the sensitivity of the method by increasing the ratio of material specimen area to the
collection medium volume. Similarly, use a lower volume test chamber for a high hazardous chemical to minimize the amount of
chemical being used for testing.
6.3.3.3 In closed-loop tests where increased analytical sensitivity is required, a shorter length of glass pipe may be used to contain
the collection medium. This reduces the contained volume and increases the ratio of material specimen area to the collection
medium volume. In open-loop tests, lower collection medium flow rates will increase the system sensitivity by lowering the
minimum detectable permeation rate. However, these approaches to increasing sensitivity must be achieved within the constraints
of having sufficient volumes and mixing rates so as not to interfere with the permeation process.
6.3.3.4 Liquid test chemicals that are mixtures must be stirred to minimize concentration gradients. Stirring may be effected by
a stirring rod inserted through the fill spout or a magnetic stirrer. If there is not a good seal of the shaft of the rod and the spout,
evaporation of the chemical can occur, reducing its volume and potentially changing its composition.
6.3.3.5 For a liquid collection medium that is not circulated, the test cell can consist of two test chambers clamped together,
provided that the collection medium can be mixed, withdrawn, and replenished as needed during the test.
6.3.3.6 The test chemical side chamber may be modified to include an additional outlet port (with stopcock) positioned downward
opposite the liquid chemical inlet port. Such a modification will facilitate the repeated addition and removal of liquid test
chemicals.
6.4 Alternative Test Cell—Alternative permeation test cells may be used, provided that the results are reported as prescribed in
Section 12. The cell and configuration described above and shown in Fig. 23, however, is the standard. If a different cell is used,
it must be documented as described in Section 12.
6.5 Constant Temperature Constant-Temperature Chamber or Bath—Used to maintain the test cell within 61°C61 °C of the test
temperature. The standard temperature for this test is 27°C.27 °C. Condition all test materials, including the test cells and
chemicals, in the chamber(s) of bath(s) prior to testing.
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6.6 Circulating Pump, if appropriate, used to transport the collection medium and/or test chemical or test chemical, or both,
through the test cell. All parts contacting the test chemical or fluid containing it must be chemically inert and non-absorptive to
the test chemical. The flow rate must be sufficiently high to provide adequate mixing and/or dilution mixing, dilution, or both
within the test cell.
NOTE 7—If a circulating pump is used, care should be taken to avoid inducing pressure which may deform or damage the test specimen.
6.7 Flow Meter, Flow meter, used to measure the flow rate of the collection medium through the collection chamber. A calibrated
rotameter, or similarly accurate device, mayshall be used. The flow rate shall be measured in-line with all system components in
place at the start of each test.
6.8 Thermometer or Thermocouple, Thermometer or thermocouple, used to measure the temperature of the constant-temperature
chamber (or bath) and/oror the collection chamber of the test cell. cell, or both. A calibrated device,device accurate to 60.5°C
must60.5 °C shall be used.
7. Hazards
7.1 Before this test method is carried out, safety precautions recommended for handling any potentially hazardous chemical should
be identified and reviewed to provide full protection appropriate protective equipment to all personnel.
7.1.1 For carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic, and other toxic (poisonous) chemicals, the work area should be isolated,
well-ventilated, well ventilated, and meticulously clean. Involved personnel should be outfitted with appropriate protective
clothing and equipment.
7.1.2 For corrosive or otherwise hazardous chemicals, involved personnel should, as a minimum, should be outfitted with
appropriate protective clothing and equipment.
7.2 Emergency equipment, such as a safety shower, eye wash, and self-contained breathing apparatus, should be readily accessible
from the test area.
7.3 Appropriate procedures for the disposal of the chemicals should be followed.
8. Testing and Analytical Technique Considerations
8.1 Each protective clothing material specimen may shall be permitted to consist of either a single layer or a composite of multiple
layers that is representative of an actual protective clothing construction, with all layers arranged in proper order. In each test, the
specimen’s normally outer surface shall contact the test chemical.
8.1.1 If,If in a proposed design of an item of protective clothing,protective clothing different materials or thicknesses of materials
are specified at different locations, specimens from each location shall be tested.
8.1.2 If,If in a proposed design, design of protective clothing seams are specified,used, additional specimens containing such
seams shall be tested. Care must be taken to ensure that the test cell can be properly sealed when specimens of nonuniform
thickness are tested.
NOTE 8—Use of a 2 in. (50 mm) diameter cell is preferred over a 1 in. (25 mm) diameter cell for this reason.
8.2 Each material specimen to be tested shall have minimum cross dimension of 43 mm (1.7 in.). Sample size is dependent on
test cell dimensions.A51 mm (2 in.) diameter circle is convenient.
8.2.1 For a 2 in. (50 mm) diameter cell, each material specimen to be tested shall have a minimum cross dimension of 68.6 mm
(2.7 in.). A 76.2 mm (3 in.) diameter circle is convenient.
8.2.2 For a 1 in. (25 mm) diameter cell, each material specimen to be tested shall have minimum cross dimension of 43 mm (1.7
in.). A 51 mm (2 in.) diameter circle is convenient.
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8.2.3 Specimens are permitted to extend beyond the edge of the sealing surface if the larger specimen does not interfere with the
ability to seal the test cell.
8.3 A minimum of three random specimens shall be tested. Random specimens shall be generated as described in Practice E105.
8.4 To avoid incidental contamination of exposed surfaces, clean gloves mayshall be worn when handling specimens.
8.5 To avoid affecting permeation measurements, aquantification, the collection medium should not interact with the test
material,material and must have adequate capacity for the permeant. To have adequate capacity for the permeant, the collection
medium should not exceed 20 % of its saturation concentration from the permeant at any time during the test. For a liquid
collection medium, saturation is the maximum solubility or miscibility of th
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