ASTM D4547-06
(Practice)Standard Guide for Sampling Waste and Soils for Volatile Organic Compounds
Standard Guide for Sampling Waste and Soils for Volatile Organic Compounds
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This guide describes sample collection and handling procedures designed to minimize losses of VOCs. The principal mechanisms for the loss of VOCs from materials during collection, handling and storage are volatilization and biodegradation. Susceptibility of various VOCs to these two loss mechanisms is both compound and matrix specific. In general, compounds with higher vapor pressures are more susceptible to volatilization than compounds with lower vapor pressures. Also, aerobically degradable compounds are generally more susceptible to biodegradation than anaerobically degradable compounds. In some cases, the formation of other compounds not originally present in the material can occur. Loss or gain of VOCs leads to analytical results that are unrepresentative of field conditions.
Ancillary information concerning sample collection, handling and storage for VOC analysis is provided in Appendix X1 and Appendix X2. These appendixes and cited references are recommended reading for those unfamiliar with the many challenges presented during the collection, handling and storage of samples for VOC analysis.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide describes recommended procedures for the collection, handling, and preparation of solid waste, soil, and sediment samples for subsequent determination of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). This class of compounds includes low molecular weight aromatics, hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons, ketones, acetates, nitriles, acrylates, ethers, and sulfides with boiling points below 200 Celsius (C) that are insoluble or slightly soluble in water.
1.2 Methods of sample collection, handling, storage, and preparation for analysis are described.
1.3 This guide does not cover the details of sampling design, laboratory preparation of containers, and the analysis of the samples.
1.4 It is recommended that this guide be used in conjunction with Guide D 4687.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See and for specific warnings.
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation:D4547–06
Standard Guide for
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Sampling Waste and Soils for Volatile Organic Compounds
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4547; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Data Quality Objectives
D 6051 Guide for Composite Sampling and Field Subsam-
1.1 This guide describes recommended procedures for the
pling for Environmental Waste Management Activities
collection, handling, and preparation of solid waste, soil, and
D 6418 Practice for Using the Disposable En Core Sampler
sediment samples for subsequent determination of volatile
for Sampling and Storing Soil for Volatile OrganicAnaly-
organic compounds (VOCs).This class of compounds includes
sis
low molecular weight aromatics, hydrocarbons, halogenated
D 6640 Practice for Collection and Handling of Soils Ob-
hydrocarbons, ketones, acetates, nitriles, acrylates, ethers, and
tained in Core Barrel Samplers for Environmental Inves-
sulfides with boiling points below 200° Celsius (C) that are
tigations
insoluble or slightly soluble in water.
E 856 Definitions of Terms and Abbreviations Relating to
1.2 Methods of sample collection, handling, storage, and
Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Refuse Derived
preparation for analysis are described.
Fuel
1.3 Thisguidedoesnotcoverthedetailsofsamplingdesign,
2.2 Federal Standard:
laboratory preparation of containers, and the analysis of the
Title 49 Transportation, Code of Federal Regulations
samples.
(CFR), Part 172, List of Hazardous Substances and
1.4 Itisrecommendedthatthisguidebeusedinconjunction
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Reportable Quantities
with Guide D 4687.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3. Terminology
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1 sample, n—a portion of material taken from a larger
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
quantity for the purpose of estimating properties or composi-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
tion of the larger quantity. (E 856)
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. See 7.2 and 8.1.1
3.2 subsample, n—a portion of a sample taken for the
for specific warnings.
purpose of estimating properties or composition of the whole
2. Referenced Documents sample. (D 6051)
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3.2.1 Discussion—A subsample, by definition, is also a
2.1 ASTM Standards:
sample.
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D 3350 Specification for Polyethylene Plastics Pipe and
4. Summary of Guide
Fittings Materials
4.1 This guide addresses the use of tools for sample collec-
D 4687 Guide for General Planning of Waste Sampling
tion and transfer, conditions for sample storage, sample pres-
D 4700 Guide for Soil Sampling from the Vadose Zone
ervation, and two common means of sample preparation for
D 5058 Test Methods for Compatibility of Screening
analysis. Special attention is given to each step from sample
Analysis of Waste
collectiontoanalysistolimitthelossofVOCsbyvolatilization
D 5792 Practice for Generation of Environmental Data
and biodegradation. The sample collected and analyzed should
Related to Waste ManagementActivities: Development of
be representative of the matrix material sampled. The two
methods cited for the preparation of samples for VOC analysis
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This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste
are methanol extraction and vapor partitioning (that is, purge-
Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.01.02 on
and-trapandheadspace).Themethodofsamplepreparationfor
Monitoring.
VOC analysis should be consistent with the data quality
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2006. Published March 2006. Originally
approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D 4547 - 03. objectives (see Practice D 5792).
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For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
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Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing
the ASTM website. Office, Washington, DC 20402.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D4547–06
5. Significance and Use 6.1.1 Sample collection, handling, and preservation meth-
ods should be compatible with the method used to prepare the
5.1 This guide describes sample collection and handling
sample for VOC analysis, and meet the project’s data quality
procedures designed to minimize losses of VOCs.
...
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