ASTM A255-07e1
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Determining Hardenability of Steel
Standard Test Methods for Determining Hardenability of Steel
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method covers the procedure for determining the hardenability of steel by the end-quench or Jominy test. The test consists of water quenching one end of a cylindrical test specimen 1.0 in. in diameter and measuring the hardening response as a function of the distance from the quenched end.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the identification and description of test methods for determining the hardenability of steels. The two test methods include the quantitative end-quench or Jominy Test and a method for calculating the hardenability of steel from the chemical composition based on the original work by M. A. Grossman.
1.2 The selection of the test method to be used for determining the hardenability of a given steel shall be agreed upon between the supplier and user. The Certified Material Test Report shall state the method of hardenability determination.
1.3 The calculation method described in these test methods is applicable only to the range of chemical compositions that follow: ElementRange, % Carbon0.10–0.70 Manganese0.50–1.65 Silicon0.15–0.60 Nickel1.50 max Chromium1.35 max Molybdenum0.55 max Copper0.35 max Vanadium0.20 max
1.4 Hardenability is a measure of the depth to which steel will harden when quenched from its austenitizing temperature (Table 1). It is measured quantitatively, usually by noting the extent or depth of hardening of a standard size and shape of test specimen in a standardized quench. In the end-quench test the depth of hardening is the distance along the specimen from the quenched end which correlates to a given hardness level.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
TABLE 1 Normalizing and Austenitizing TemperaturesA Steel Series Ordered Carbon Content, max, %Normalizing Temperature,
°F (°C) Austenitizing Temperature,
°F (°C) 1000, 1300, 1500, 3100, 4000, 41000.25 and under1700 (925)1700 (925) 4300, 4400, 4500, 4600, 4700, 5000, 5100, 6100,B 8100, 8600, 8700, 8800, 9400, 9700, 98000.26 to 0.36, incl 1650 (900)1600 (870) 0.37 and over1600 (870)1550 (845) 2300, 2500, 3300, 4800, 93000.25 and under1700 (925)1550 (845) 0.26 to 0.36, incl1650 (900)1500 (815) 0.37 and over1600 (870)1475 (800) 92000.50 and over1650 (900)1600 (870)
A A variation of ±10°F (6°C) from the temperatures in this table is permissible.
B Normalizing and austenitizing temperatures are 50°F (30°C) higher for the 6100 series.
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Designation: A255 – 07
Standard Test Methods for
1
Determining Hardenability of Steel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A255; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1
´ NOTE—Table 15 corrected editorially in March 2009.
1. Scope responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
1.1 These test methods cover the identification and descrip-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
tion of test methods for determining the hardenability of steels.
The two test methods include the quantitative end-quench or
2. Referenced Documents
Jominy Test and a method for calculating the hardenability of
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
steelfromthechemicalcompositionbasedontheoriginalwork
E18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic Ma-
by M. A. Grossman.
terials
1.2 The selection of the test method to be used for deter-
E112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size
mining the hardenability of a given steel shall be agreed upon
2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:
between the supplier and user. The Certified Material Test
3
ASTM Hardenability Chart
Report shall state the method of hardenability determination.
1.3 The calculation method described in these test methods
END-QUENCH OR JOMINY TEST
is applicable only to the range of chemical compositions that
follow:
3. Description
Element Range, %
3.1 This test method covers the procedure for determining
thehardenabilityofsteelbytheend-quenchorJominytest.The
Carbon 0.10–0.70
Manganese 0.50–1.65
test consists of water quenching one end of a cylindrical test
Silicon 0.15–0.60
specimen 1.0 in. in diameter and measuring the hardening
Nickel 1.50 max
response as a function of the distance from the quenched end.
Chromium 1.35 max
Molybdenum 0.55 max
Copper 0.35 max 4. Apparatus
Vanadium 0.20 max
4.1 Support for Test Specimen—Afixture for supporting the
1.4 Hardenability is a measure of the depth to which steel
test specimen vertically so that the lower end of the specimen
will harden when quenched from its austenitizing temperature
is a distance of 0.5 in. (12.7 mm) above the orifice of the
(Table 1). It is measured quantitatively, usually by noting the
water-quenching device. A satisfactory type of support for the
extentordepthofhardeningofastandardsizeandshapeoftest
standard 1.0-in. (25.4-mm) specimen is shown in Fig. 1.
specimen in a standardized quench. In the end-quench test the
NOTE 1—A suitable support for other sizes and shapes of specimens is
depth of hardening is the distance along the specimen from the
shown in Fig. X1.1.
quenched end which correlates to a given hardness level.
4.2 Water-Quenching Device—A water-quenching device
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
of suitable capacity to provide a vertical stream of water that
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
canbecontrolledtoaheightof2.5in.(63.5mm)whenpassing
information only.
through an orifice 0.5 in. (12.7 mm) in diameter. A tank of
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and are the direct responsibility of Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Subcommittee A01.15 on Bars. the ASTM website.
3
1
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2007. Published October 2007. Originally Standard ASTM Hardenability Charts (8 ⁄2 by 11 in. pads of 50 charts) are
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approved in 1942. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as A255 – 02 . DOI: available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No. ADJA0255.
10.1520/A0255-07E01. Original adjunct produced in 1945.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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A255 – 07
A
TABLE 1 Normalizing and Austenitizing Temperatures
6.2 Heating—Place the specimen in a furnace that is at the
Normalizing Austenitizing specified austenitizing temperature (Table 1) and hold at this
Steel Series Ordered Carbon Temperature, Temperature,
temperature for 30 min. In production testing slightly longer
Content, max, % °F (°C) °F (°C)
times up to 35 min may be used without app
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately,ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: A 255 – 07
Designation:A 255–02
Standard Test Methods for
1
Determining Hardenability of Steel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 255; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1
´ NOTE—Adjunct reference was corrected editorially in April 2006.
—Table15 corrected editorially in March 2009.
1. Scope *
1.1 These test methods cover the identification and description of test methods for determining the hardenability of steels.The
two test methods include the quantitative end-quench or Jominy Test and a method for calculating the hardenability of steel from
the chemical composition based on the original work by M. A. Grossman.
1.2 The selection of the test method to be used for determining the hardenability of a given steel shall be agreed upon between
the supplier and user. The Certified Material Test Report shall state the method of hardenability determination.
1.3 Thecalculationmethoddescribedinthesetestmethodsisapplicableonlytotherangeofchemicalcompositionsthatfollow:
Element Range, %
Carbon 0.10–0.70
Manganese 0.50–1.65
Silicon 0.15–0.60
Chromium 1.35 max
Nickel 1.50 max
Nickel 1.50 max
Chromium 1.35 max
Molybdenum 0.55 max
Copper 0.35 max
Vanadium 0.20 max
1.4 Hardenabilityisameasureofthedepthtowhichsteelwillhardenwhenquenchedfromitsaustenitizingtemperature(Table
1). It is measured quantitatively, usually by noting the extent or depth of hardening of a standard size and shape of test specimen
in a standardized quench. In the end-quench test the depth of hardening is the distance along the specimen from the quenched end
which correlates to a given hardness level.
1.5 Thevaluesstatedininch-poundunitsaretoberegardedasthestandard.Thevaluesgiveninparenthesesareforinformation
only.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic Materials
E112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size
2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:
3
ASTM Hardenability Chart
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction ofASTM CommitteeA01 on Steel, Stainless Steel, and RelatedAlloys and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.15 on Bars.
Current edition approved March 10, 2002. Published May 2002. Originally published as A255–42. Last previous edition A255–99.
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction ofASTM CommitteeA01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and RelatedAlloys and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.15 on Bars.
´1
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2007. Published October 2007. Originally approved in 1942. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as A255–02 .
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.ForAnnualBookofASTMStandards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
1
Standard ASTM Hardenability Charts (8 ⁄2 by 11 in. pads of 50 charts) are available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No. ADJA0255. Original
adjunct produced in 1945.
*ASummary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
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A 255–07
A 255–02
A
TABLE 1 Normalizing and Austenitizing Temperatures
Normalizing Austenitizing
Steel Series Ordered Carbon Temperature, Temperature,
Content, max, % °F (°C) °F (°C)
1000, 1300, 1500, 0.25 and under 1700 (925) 1700 (925)
3100, 4000, 4100
4300, 4400, 4500, 0.26 to 0.36, incl 1650 (900) 1600 (870)
4600, 4700, 5000,
B
5100, 6100, 8100,
8600, 8700, 8800,
9400, 9700, 9800
0.37 and over 1600 (870) 1550 (845)
2300, 2500, 3300, 0.25 and under 1700 (925) 1550 (845)
4800, 9300
0.26 to 0.36, incl 1650 (900) 1500 (815)
0.37 and over 1600 (870) 1475 (800)
9200 0.50 and over 1650 (900) 1600 (870)
A
A variation of 610°F (6°C) from the temperatures in this table is permissible.
B
Normalizing
...
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