ASTM F660-83(2007)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: F660 − 83 (Reapproved2007)
Standard Practice for
Comparing Particle Size in the Use of Alternative Types of
Particle Counters
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationF660;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 This practice provides a procedure for comparing the 2.1 ASTM Standards:
F661 Practice for Particle Count and Size Distribution Mea-
sizes of nonspherical particles in a test sample determined with
different types of automatic particle counters, which operate on surement in Batch Samples for Filter Evaluation Using an
Optical Particle Counter (Discontinued 2000) (Withdrawn
different measuring principles.
2000)
1.2 A scale factor is obtained by which, in the examination
F662 Test Method for Measurement of Particle Count and
of a given powder, the size scale of one instrument may be
Size Distribution in Batch Samples for Filter Evaluation
multiplied to agree with the size scale of another.
Using an Electrical Resistance Particle Counter (Discon-
1.3 The practice considers rigid particles, free of fibers, of
tinued 2002) (Withdrawn 2002)
the kind used in studies of filtration, such as: commercially
F796 Practice for Determining The Performance of a Filter
available test standards of quartz or alumina, or fly ash, or
Medium Employing a Single-Pass, Constant-Pressure,
some powdered chemical reagent, such as iron oxide or
Liquid Test (Withdrawn 2002)
calcium sulfate.
3. Summary of Practice
1.4 Three kinds of automatic particle counters are consid-
3.1 After calibrating an automatic particle counter with
ered:
standard spherical particles, such as latex beads, the instrument
1.4.1 Image analyzers, which view stationary particles un-
is presented with a known weight of filtration-test particles
der the microscope and, in this practice, measure the longest
from which is obtained the data: cumulative number of
end-to-end distance of an individual particle.
particles,∑ N, as a function of particle diameter, d; and a plot
1.4.2 Optical counters, which measure the area of a shadow
of these data is made on log-log paper.
cast by a particle as it passes by a window; and
1.4.3 Electrical resistance counters, which measure the vol- 3.2 The plot from the results of one kind of instrument is
ume of a particle as it passes through an orifice in an placed over the plot from another and one plot is moved along
electrically conductive liquid. the particle-diameter axis until the two separate curves coin-
cide. (If the two separate curves cannot be made to coincide,
1.5 This practice also considers the use of instruments that
then this practice cannot be used.)
provide sedimentation analyses, which is to say provide
3.3 The magnitude of the shift from one diameter scale to
measures of the particle mass distribution as a function of
the other provides the scale-conversion factor.
Stokes diameter. The practice provides a way to convert mass
distribution into number distribution so that the meaning of
3.4 Any of the three particle counters in 1.4 can provide the
Stokes diameter can be related to the diameter measured by the
frame-of-reference measurement of particle diameter.
instruments in 1.4.
3.5 An alternative reference is the Stokes diameter, as
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
mentioned in 1.5.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4. Significance and Use
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- 4.1 This practice supports test methods designed to evaluate
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. the performance of fluid-filter media, for example, Practice
1 2
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.07 on Sediments, Geomorphology, contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
and Open-Channel Flow. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved June 15, 2007. Published July 2007. Originally the ASTM website.
approved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as F660 – 83 (2002). The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
DOI: 10.1520/F0660-83R07. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F660 − 83 (2007)
F796 wherein particle size distributions are addressed and at
the same time this practice provides a means to compare size
measurements obtained from several different types of instru-
ments.
4.2 The factor for converting one kind of diameter scale to
another is only valid for the specific test particles studied.
5. Apparatus
5.1 Automatic Particle Counters :
5.1.1 Any, or all, of the three types are employed:
5.1.1.1 The Image Analyzer—This instrument counts par-
ticlesbysizeasthoseparticleslieonamicroscopeslide.Inthis
practice, size means the longest end-to-end distance. This
diameter, in the examples to follow, is designated d .
e
5.1.1.2 The Optical Counter—This instrument measures the
area of a shadow cast by a particle as it passes a window. From
thatareatheinstrumentreportsthediameterofacircleofequal
area. This diameter is designated d . See Practice F661.
o
5.1.1.3 The Electrical Resistance Counter— This instru-
ment measures the volume of an individual particle. From that
volumetheinstrumentreportsthediameterofasphereofequal
volume. This diameter is designated d . See Method F662.
v
5.2 Sedimentation Instruments—These instruments provide
^N = cumulative number of particles per unit mass of powder
a measure of the mass distribution of particles (as opposed to
d = particle diameter (see 5.1)
the number distributions determined in 5.1). This diameter, the
The solid line represents the “real” count.The broken lines represent failures
Stokes diameter, is designated d .
s
to obtain correct counts because of either presenting too many particles to the
counter, a, or of presenting too few, b.
6. Procedure
FIG. 1 Example of Particle Counts
6.1 Calibrate each particle counter with standard, spherical
particles, following the instructions of the manufacturer of the
counter.
6.2 Presentaknownmassofparticlestothecounter.Thatis,
with the image analyzer present a known mass of particles to
a field of view; and, with the other counters present a liquid
suspension with a known mass concentration of particles.
6.3 In counting particles at the small-diameter end of the
spectrum, present at least t
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