ASTM E2831/E2831M-11(2018)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E2831/E2831M − 11 (Reapproved 2018)
Standard Guide for
Deployment of Blast Resistant Trash Receptacles in
Crowded Places
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationE2831/E2831M;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyear
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Combining values from the two systems may result in non-
conformance with the standard.
1.1 This guide identifies the key factors that should be
considered prior to the deployment of blast resistant trash
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
receptacles (BRTRs) in crowded places.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1.1 Guidance is included for their deployment at interior
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
and exterior locations associated with the crowded places.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.2 Facilities and venues where blast resistant trash recep-
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
tacles may be deployed include, but are not limited to:
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.2.1 Airports,
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
1.2.2 Banks and other financial institutions,
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1.2.3 Bars and nightclubs,
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
1.2.4 Convention centers,
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.2.5 Entertainment and event centers,
1.2.6 Hotels,
2. Referenced Documents
1.2.7 Health care locations,
1.2.8 Museums,
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.2.9 Places of worship,
D638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics
1.2.10 Public government locations including fire and po-
D747 Test Method for Apparent Bending Modulus of Plas-
lice stations,
tics by Means of a Cantilever Beam (Withdrawn 2019)
1.2.11 Railway stations, bus stations, and related transit
D790 Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced
areas,
and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materi-
1.2.12 Restaurants,
als
1.2.13 Retail centers and malls,
D882 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Thin Plastic
1.2.14 Schools, universities, and related areas used for
Sheeting
education,
E2740 Specification for Trash Receptacles Subjected to
1.2.15 Stadiums and arenas, and
Blast Resistance Testing
1.2.16 Theaters.
2.2 Government Standards:
1.3 Guidance on conducting a threat assessment or vulner-
DoD 4145.26 M Department of Defense: DOD Contractors
ability analysis, and on responding to incidents associated with
Safety Manual for Ammunition and Explosives
thedeploymentofblastresistanttrashreceptaclesisbeyondthe
DoD 6055.9 STD Department of Defense: DOD Ammuni-
scope of this document.
tion and Explosives Safety Standards
1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-
pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The
values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
therefore,eachsystemshallbeusedindependentlyoftheother.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
1 3
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E54 on Homeland The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
Security Applications and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E54.01 on www.astm.org.
CBRNE Detection and CBRN Protection. Available from the Defense Technical Information Center, 8725 John J.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2018. Published January 2018. Originally Kingman Road, Suite 0944, Ft. Belvoir, VA 22060 6128.
approved in 2011. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as E2831/E2831M – 11. Available from the worldwide web at: http://www.ddesb.pentagon.mil/
DOI: 10.1520/E2831_E2831M-11R18. DoD6055.9-STD%205%20Oct%202004.pdf.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E2831/E2831M − 11 (2018)
2.3 Association Standard: Test Method D747, Test Methods D790, Test Method D638,or
APTASS-SIS-RP-001-08 Recommended Practice for Trash/ Test Methods D882. D882
Recycling Container Placement to Mitigate the Effects of
3.2.8 trash receptacle, n—public or commercial use refuse
an Explosive Event
bin that holds discarded items until collected.
3.2.8.1 Discussion—The capacity of a trash receptacle
3. Terminology
specified according to this standard is typically less than 200 L
[50 gal].
3.1 For terminology generally associated with explosives,
refer to the glossaries given in DoD 4145.26 M and DoD
3.3 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
6055.9 STD.
3.3.1 blast resistance, n—the non-numerical attribute of a
3.1.1 Some of the definitions in this standard (3.2) are
trash receptacle that is established when the results of explo-
either adopted as exact copies, or are adapted, from DoD
sive testing of the submitted specimens meet all performance
4145.26 M. Where adapted, changes to the DoD definitions
requirements given in Specification E2740.
were made only to clarify the meaning or to incorporate related
3.3.2 blast resistant trash receptacle, n—a trash receptacle
terms that also are defined in this terminology section.
that conforms to the requirements given in Specification
3.1.2 The DoD source is identified at the right margin
E2740.
following the definition. In addition, in cases where definitions
3.3.3 crowded places, n—public areas where groups of
have been re-printed from standards developed by technical
people may concentrate for a continuous or limited period of
committees other than E54, theASTM source is also identified
time.
at the right margin following the definition.
3.3.3.1 Discussion—Examples of public areas that may be
3.2 Definitions:
crowded include:
3.2.1 explosion, n—chemical reaction of any chemical com-
(1) buildings and related structures such as parking
pound (or mechanical mixture) that, when initiated, undergoes
garages, including their access and egress points,
a very rapid combustion or decomposition releasing large
(2) entertainment and event venues,
volumes of highly heated gases that exert pressure on the
(3) transportation terminals such as airports, train stations,
surrounding medium.
and other public transportation stations,
3.2.2 explosive, n—any chemical compound (or mechanical
(4) ticket counters, concession stands, retail stores, and
mixture) that, when subjected to heat, impact, friction,
dining establishments, and
detonation, or other suitable initiation, undergoes a very rapid
(5) pedestrian walkways, sidewalks, streets, alleys, parks,
chemical change with the evolution of large volumes of highly
plazas, playgrounds, schoolyards or other similar areas.
heated gases that exert pressures in the surrounding medium.
3.3.4 force protection, n—numerical level of blast resistance
DoD 4145.26 M
of a trash receptacle expressed in the mass equivalent of
3.2.3 fireball, n—a highly luminous, intensely hot cloud of
trinitrotoluene (TNT) explosive.
dust, gas, or vapor, or a combination thereof, generated by an
3.3.5 public area, n—a space or place that is open and
explosion.
accessible to all people, regardless of whether it is publicly or
3.2.4 fragment, n—solid material propelled from an explo-
privately owned.
sion as a result of fragmentation.
3.2.4.1 primary fragment, n—fragment produced from the
4. Summary of Guide
explosive device itself.
4.1 This guide takes into account two major factors, opera-
3.2.4.2 secondary fragment, n—fragmentproducedfromthe
tional and explosive effects considerations, that need to be
containerorenvironmentwherethecontainerisplaced;apiece
considered when deploying blast resistant trash receptacles.
of receptacle broken off as a result of the charge being
4.2 The guide provides a list of factors to be considered in
detonated inside of it.
developing a threat assessment evaluating the basis of the
3.2.5 fragmentation, n—breaking up of the confining mate-
deployment. For purposes of this standard, a major reason for
rial of a chemical compound (or mechanical mixture) when an
conducting the threat assessment is to estimate the force
explosion takes place. D882
protections required of the blast resistant trash receptacles
being considered for deployment throughout the facility or
3.2.6 overpressure, n—pressure, exceeding the ambient
pressure, manifested in the shock wave of an explosion. DoD venue.
4145.26 M
4.3 Guidance for deployment is given in the form of
3.2.7 rigid plastic, n—for purposes of general classification,
directives indicating where it is recommended or not recom-
a plastic that has a modulus of elasticity, either in flexure or in mended for generally placing the blast resistant trash recep-
tension,greaterthan700MPa[100000lbf/in ]at23°C[73°F]
tacles at both exterior and interior locations of the facility or
and 50 % relative humidity when tested in accordance with
venue. This guidance addresses both operational consider-
ations and explosive effects considerations.
4.3.1 Operationalconsiderationspertaintothosefactorsthat
impact the use of blast resistant trash receptacles with regard to
Available from theAmerican PublicTransportationAssociation, 1666 K Street,
NW, Washington, DC, 20006-1215. the collection and removal of trash from the facility or venue
E2831/E2831M − 11 (2018)
and factors relevant to bomb squads in the investigation and 5.7 The guide is intended for use by individuals in both the
neutralization of a suspicious package. private and public sectors who are considering the purchase
and deployment of blast resistance trash receptacles.
4.3.2 Explosive effects considerations pertain to those fac-
tors that contribute to mitigating the effects of an explosion
occurring as a result of an explosive device placed in the 6. Threat Assessment Considerations
receptacle.
6.1 Facilities and venues that do not have a security threat
assessment should develop one when considering the deploy-
5. Significance and Use
ment of blast resistance trash receptacles.
5.1 This standard is intended to provide guidance on the
6.2 Facility and Venue Threat Assessment Considerations—
deployment of blast resistant trash receptacles that focuses on
The facility and venue threat assessment provides the force
the mitigation of human injury. It is not in general intended to
protections desired at various deployment locations. The threat
provide guidance on the protection of structures in the vicinity
assessmentshouldincludeasitesurveyofthefacilityorvenue.
of where the blast resistant trash receptacles are deployed.
The survey team should include all stakeholders of the facility,
security personnel, and the first responder community that
5.2 The importance of a strategy and procedures for the
would come to the facility for emergencies. This site survey
deployment of blast resistant trash receptacles in crowded
should consider, at a minimum, the following:
places cannot be overly emphasized. Trash receptacles in
6.2.1 Crowded places.
crowded places have been, and continue to be, an attractive
6.2.2 Access and egress points for pedestrians.
repository for explosives. The selection of deployment loca-
6.2.3 Pedestrian bottlenecks.
tions impacts both the mitigation of the effects of an explosion
6.2.4 Walkways and related areas.
occurring within one as well as the convenience of using the
6.2.5 Security checkpoints.
receptacles.
6.2.6 Locations of critical structural elements such as
5.3 Two major effects resulting from an explosion in a trash
columns, beams, and load-bearing walls.
receptacle are the production of primary and secondary frag-
6.2.7 Locations where combustible, flammable, and toxic
ments as well as overpressure from the detonation. The
materials are located.
recommendations in this guide are intended to mitigate the
6.2.8 Enclosed spaces such as alcoves and passageways.
damaging effects of fragmentation and overpressure in
6.2.9 Exterior of the facility or venue.
crowded places.
6.2.10 Parking areas
...