ASTM F1789-07c
(Terminology)Standard Terminology for F16 Mechanical Fasteners
Standard Terminology for F16 Mechanical Fasteners
SCOPE
1.1 This terminology standard provides a compilation of definitions for terminology used for mechanical fasteners.
1.2 Terms in this terminology are organized alphabetically. In Appendix X1 they are listed under fastener characteristic.
1.3 Additional definitions are shown in ANSI/ASME B18.12; IFI Glossary of Terms, IFI-139 and IFI-140; and SAE J412.
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Designation:F1789–07c
Standard Terminology for
1
F16 Mechanical Fasteners
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1789; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope age hardened—precipitation of constituents within certain
alloy metals to increase mechanical properties.
1.1 This terminology standard provides a compilation of
alloy group—materials grouped by their chemical designation
definitions for terminology used for mechanical fasteners.
and considered to be functionally or chemically similar for
1.2 Terms in this terminology are organized alphabetically.
general purpose use.
In Appendix X1 they are listed under fastener characteristic.
alloy steel—steel is considered to be alloy when the maximum
1.3 Additional definitions are shown in ANSI/ASME
range given for manganese exceeds 1.65 % or a definite
B18.12; IFI Glossary of Terms, IFI-139 and IFI-140; and
minimum quantity for any of the following elements is
SAE J412.
specified or required within the limits of the recognized field
2. Referenced Documents of constructional alloy steels: chromium, molybdenum,
2
nickel, or any other alloying element added to obtain a
2.1 ASTM Standards:
desired alloying effect.
A 563 Specification for Carbons and Alloy Steel Nuts
alter—to change fastener properties such as hardness, tensile
E 456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
3
strength, surface finish, length, or other characteristics of the
2.2 ANSI/ASME Standard:
fastener through such processes as heat treatment, plating,
B18.12 Glossary of Terms for Mechanical Fasteners
4
and machining.
2.3 IFI Standards:
alteration distributor—distributor of fasteners who alters a
Glossary of Terms Relating to Aerospace Fasteners
fastener prior to sale and assumes the full responsibilities of
IFI-139 Quality Assurance Requirements for Fastener Test-
the alteration and its affected mechanical and performance
ing Laboratories
characteristics.
IFI-140 Carbon and Alloy Steel Wire, Rods, and Bars for
anchor bolt—steel rod or bar, one end of which is intended to
Mechanical Fasteners
5
be cast in concrete while the opposite end is threaded and
2.4 SAE Standard:
projectsfromtheconcreteforanchoringothermaterialtothe
SAE J412 General Characteristics and Heat Treatments of
concrete. The end cast in concrete may be either straight or
Steels
provided with an anchor, such as a bent hook, forged head,
3. Mechanical Fastener Definitions
or a tapped or welded attachment to resist forces imposed on
the anchor bolt as required.
acceptance number—numerical value representing the maxi-
annealing—general term applied to a variety of thermal
mum number of permissible non-conformances within a
treatments applied to fasteners for the purpose of softening
sample submitted for testing and acceptance of the popula-
or homogenizing material properties. The specific types of
tion.
annealing are:
full annealing—heating steel above the upper critical transfor-
mation temperature, holding it there long enough to fully
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F16 on
transform the steel to austenite, and then cooling it at a
Fasteners and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F16.94 on Terminology.
controlled rate, in a furnace, to below a specified tempera-
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2007. Published January 2008. Originally
ture. A full anneal refines grain structure and provides a
approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as F 1789 – 07b.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or relatively soft, ductile material that is free of internal
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
stresses.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
intercritical annealing/isothermal annealing—heating a steel
the ASTM website.
3
above the lower critical transformation temperature, but
Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
below the upper-critical transformation temperature, to dis-
4
Available from Industrial Fasteners Institute, 1717 E. 9th Street, Suite 1105,
solve all the iron carbides, but not transform all the ferrite to
Cleveland, OH 44114.
5
austenite. Cooling slowly from this temperature, through the
Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 Commonwealth
Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, http://www.sae.org. lowercriticaltemperature,producesastructureofferriteand
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Cons
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:F1789–07b Designation: F 1789 – 07c
Standard Terminology for
1
F16 Mechanical Fasteners
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1789; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This terminology standard provides a compilation of definitions for terminology used for mechanical fasteners.
1.2 Terms in this terminology are organized alphabetically. In Appendix X1 they are listed under fastener characteristic.
1.3 Additional definitions are shown in ANSI/ASME B18.12; IFI Glossary of Terms, IFI-139 and IFI-140; and SAE J412.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A 563 Specification for Carbons and Alloy Steel Nuts
E 456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
3
2.2 ANSI/ASME Standard:
B18.12 Glossary of Terms for Mechanical Fasteners
4
2.3 IFI Standards:
Glossary of Terms Relating to Aerospace Fasteners
IFI-139 Quality Assurance Requirements for Fastener Testing Laboratories
IFI-140 Carbon and Alloy Steel Wire, Rods, and Bars for Mechanical Fasteners
5
2.4 SAE Standard:
SAE J412 General Characteristics and Heat Treatments of Steels
3. Mechanical Fastener Definitions
acceptance number—numerical value representing the maximum number of permissible non-conformances within a sample
submitted for testing and acceptance of the population.
age hardened—precipitation of constituents within certain alloy metals to increase mechanical properties.
alloy group—materials grouped by their chemical designation and considered to be functionally or chemically similar for general
purpose use.
alloy steel—steel is considered to be alloy when the maximum range given for manganese exceeds 1.65 % or a definite minimum
quantityforanyofthefollowingelementsisspecifiedorrequiredwithinthelimitsoftherecognizedfieldofconstructionalalloy
steels: chromium, molybdenum, nickel, or any other alloying element added to obtain a desired alloying effect.
alter—tochangefastenerpropertiessuchashardness,tensilestrength,surfacefinish,length,orothercharacteristicsofthefastener
through such processes as heat treatment, plating, and machining.
alteration distributor—distributor of fasteners who alters a fastener prior to sale and assumes the full responsibilities of the
alteration and its affected mechanical and performance characteristics.
anchor bolt—steel rod or bar, one end of which is intended to be cast in concrete while the opposite end is threaded and projects
from the concrete for anchoring other material to the concrete. The end cast in concrete may be either straight or provided with
an anchor, such as a bent hook, forged head, or a tapped or welded attachment to resist forces imposed on the anchor bolt as
required.
annealing—general term applied to a variety of thermal treatments applied to fasteners for the purpose of softening or
homogenizing material properties. The specific types of annealing are:
full annealing—heating steel above the upper critical transformation temperature, holding it there long enough to fully transform
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F16 on Fasteners and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F16.94 on Terminology.
Current edition approved Aug.Dec. 1, 2007. Published September 2007.January 2008. Originally approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as
F 1789 – 07ab.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book ofASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
4
Available from Industrial Fasteners Institute, 1717 E. 9th Street, Suite 1105, Cleveland, OH 44114.
5
Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, http://www.sae.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
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F 1789 – 07c
the steel to austenite, and then cooling it at a controlled rate, in a furnace, to below a specified temperature.Afull anneal refines
grain structure and provides a relatively soft, ductile material that
...
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