ASTM D5704-22a

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D5704 − 22a
Standard Test Method for
Evaluation of the Thermal and Oxidative Stability of
Lubricating Oils Used for Manual Transmissions and Final
Drive Axles
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5704; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Portions of this test method are written for use by laboratories that make use of ASTM Test
Monitoring Center (TMC) services (see Annex A1 – Annex A4).
TheTMCprovidesreferenceoils,andengineeringandstatisticalservicestolaboratoriesthatdesire
to produce test results that are statistically similar to those produced by laboratories previously
calibrated by the TMC.
In general, the Test Purchaser decides if a calibrated test stand is to be used. Organizations such as
theAmericanChemistryCouncilrequirethatalaboratoryutilizetheTMCservicesaspartoftheirtest
registration process. In addition, the American Petroleum Institute and the Gear Lubricant Review
Committee of the Lubricant Review Institute (SAE International) require that a laboratory use the
TMC services in seeking qualification of oils against their specifications.
The advantage of using the TMC services to calibrate test stands is that the test laboratory (and
hence theTest Purchaser) has an assurance that the test stand was operating at the proper level of test
severity. It should also be borne in mind that results obtained in a non-calibrated test stand may not
be the same as those obtained in a test stand participating in the ASTM TMC services process.
Laboratories that choose not to use the TMC services may simply disregard these portions.
1. Scope* conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
and are not considered standard.
1.1 This test method is commonly referred to as the L-60-1
1.2.1 Exceptions—The values stated in SI units for catalyst
test. It covers the oil-thickening, insolubles-formation, and
mass loss, oil mass and volume, alternator output, and air flow
deposit-formation characteristics of automotive manual trans-
are to be regarded as standard.
mission and final drive axle lubricating oils when subjected to
1.2.2 SI units are provided for all parameters except where
high-temperature oxidizing conditions.
thereisnodirectequivalentsuchastheunitsforscrewthreads,
1.2 Thevaluesstatedininch-poundunitsaretoberegarded
or where there is a sole source supply equipment specification.
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.B0.03 on Automotive Gear Lubricants & Fluids.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2022. Published February 2023. Originally
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2022 as D5704–22. DOI:
Specific warning information is given in Sections 7 and 8 and
10.1520/D5704-22A.
Until the next revision of this test method, the ASTM Test Monitoring Center Annex A7.
will update changes in the test method by means of information letters. Information
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
letters may be obtained from the ASTM Test Monitoring Center, 203 Armstrong
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
Drive, Freeport, PA 16229. Attention: Director. This edition incorporates revisions
in all information Letters through No. 22-2. ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D5704 − 22a
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- 3.1.5 varnish, n—in manual transmissions and final drive
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical axles, a hard, dry, generally lustrous deposit that can be
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. removed by solvents but not by wiping with a cloth.
4. Summary of Test Method
2. Referenced Documents
4.1 A sample of the lubricant to be tested is placed in a
2.1 ASTM Standards:
heated gear case containing two spur gears, a test bearing, and
B224Classification of Coppers
a copper catalyst. The lubricant is heated to a specified
D235Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits)
temperatureandthegearsareoperatedatpredeterminedpower
(Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)
and speed conditions for 50 h. Air is bubbled through the
D445Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
lubricant at a specified rate and the bulk oil temperature of the
and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of DynamicViscos-
lubricant is controlled throughout the test. Parameters used for
ity)
evaluating oil degradation after testing are viscosity increase,
D664Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products
insolubles in the used oil, and gear cleanliness.
by Potentiometric Titration
D893Test Method for Insolubles in Used Lubricating Oils
5. Significance and Use
D6984Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine
5.1 This test method measures the tendency of automotive
Oils in the Sequence IIIF, Spark-Ignition Engine
manual transmission and final drive lubricants to deteriorate
E29Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
under high-temperature conditions, resulting in thick oil,
Determine Conformance with Specifications
sludge, carbon and varnish deposits, and the formation of
E527Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys in the
corrosive products. This deterioration can lead to serious
Unified Numbering System (UNS)
equipmentperformanceproblems,including,inparticular,seal
2.2 ANSI Standard:
failures due to deposit formation at the shaft-seal interface.
ANSI/ISA-S7.3Quality Standard for Instrument Air
This test method is used to screen lubricants for problematic
2.3 Military Specification:
additives and base oils with regard to these tendencies.
MIL-L-2105DLubricating Oil, Gear, Multipurpose
5.2 This test method is used or referred to in the following
2.4 Adjunct:
documents:
Engineering Drawings
5.2.1 AmericanPetroleumInstitute(API)Publication1560-
Lubricant Service Designations for Automotive Manual
3. Terminology
Transmissions, Manual Transaxles, and Axles,
5.2.2 STP-512A–Laboratory Performance Tests for Auto-
3.1 Definitions:
motive Gear Lubricants Intended for API GL-5 Service,
3.1.1 carbon, n—in manual transmissions and final drive
5.2.3 SAE J308-Information Report on Axle and Manual
axles, a hard, dry, generally black or gray deposit that can be
Transmission Lubricants, and
removed by solvents but not by wiping with a cloth.
5.2.4 U.S. Military Specification MIL-L-2105D.
3.1.2 lubricant, n—any material interposed between two
surfaces that reduces the friction or wear, or both, between
6. Apparatus
them. D6984
6.1 Adescription of essential apparatus features is given as
3.1.3 sludge, n—in manual transmissions and final drive
follows,includingmandatoryequipmenttypeandperformance
axles,adepositprincipallycomposedofthelubricatingoiland
specification where established. See AnnexA5 and AnnexA6
oxidation products that do not drain from parts but can be
for schematics and additional information of a general nature.
removed by wiping with a cloth.
Those wishing to build this test apparatus shall base construc-
3.1.4 thermal and oxidative stability, n—in lubricating oils
tion on full engineering drawings (see 6.2).
used for manual transmissions and final drive axles, a lack of
6.1.1 Gear Case Assembly, used in conjunction with a new
deterioration of the lubricating oil under high-temperature
test bearing, new lip seals, new O-rings, a pair of new test
conditions that is observed as viscosity increase of the lubri-
gears, copper catalyst, and the lubricant to be tested. The gear
catingoil,insolublesformationinthelubricatingoil,ordeposit
case assembly has been redesigned to incorporate improve-
formation on the parts, or a combination thereof.
ments over designs in use prior to this test method. Construct
the gear case and associated parts in accordance with the
engineering drawings.The gear case and associated parts shall
3 comply in dimension, material, surface finish where
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. Available from American Petroleum Institute (API), 200 Massachusetts Ave.
Joint standard ofANSI/ISA.Available from Instrument Society ofAmerica, 67 NW, Suite 1100, Washington, DC 20001, http://www.api.org.
Alexander Drive, P.O. Box 12277, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709. Supporting data have been filed atASTM International Headquarters and may
Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4, beobtainedbyrequestingResearchReportRR:D02-1353.ContactASTMCustomer
Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098. Service at service@astm.org.
6 9
Detailed drawings necessary for rig construction. Available from the TMC AvailablefromSAEInternational(SAE),400CommonwealthDr.,Warrendale,
website https://www.astmtmc.org/. PA 15096, http://www.sae.org.
D5704 − 22a
14,11
prescribed, and overall design. O-rings and lip seals have been Meter (2in. model LPL-200NF-38) with carbon steel
incorporated into this design and are mandatory replacements body, ⁄4in. NPT instrument connections and 2in. 150lb
for the original cork gaskets and shaft slingers used in earlier raised-face process connections and a Dwyer digital
15,11
designs. manometer, part number 475-00-FM. Perform the verifi-
6.1.2 Insulated Oven, surrounds the gear case assembly and cation with the heater elements turned off.
providesinsulationsufficienttoallowthelubricanttemperature 6.1.8.2 Send the Preso Low Loss Venturi Meter together
tobeelevatedtoandmaintainedattesttemperatureconditions. with the Dwyer digital manometer to the specified calibration
This oven also houses the heaters and heater blower.The oven laboratory for cleaning and calibration at least once a year.
17,11
dimensions, heater, blower, and oven temperature sensor loca- 6.1.9 Air Flow Controller—Theairflowcontroller shall
tions are specified in the engineering drawings (see AnnexA5 be capable of controlling the air supply at a flow rate of
for approximate locations). 22.08mg⁄min 6 2.01mg⁄min (see Note 1).
6.1.3 Heater Elements—Since this test method is extremely
NOTE1—Ithasbeensuggestedthat20ftto30ft(6mto9m)ofsupply
sensitive to temperature, the following specified heater ele-
line between the air regulator and the mass air flow meter may help to
ments (two total) are mandatory:
reduce flow meter readout fluctuations.
6.1.3.1 Use one 1500W primary heater element manufac-
6.1.10 Test Gears, one machine tool change gear (34 teeth,
tured by Chromolox, Inc. The part number may be 118-
with a width of ⁄8in. (9.5 mm) and one machine tool change
10,11
18,11
553661-505, 118-553661-514, or 118-074906-010. 3
gear (50 teeth, with a width of ⁄8in. (9.5 mm)).
19,11
6.1.3.2 Use one 150W alternator load heater element part
6.1.11 Test Bearing, ball bearing.
number FD2Z-0895 manufactured by Ogden
6.1.12 O-ring Seals,O-ringforthesealplateandO-ringfor
12,11
19,11
Manufacturing.
the cover plate.
6.1.4 Temperature Controller, proportional-integral-
6.1.13 Lip Seals, two Chicago Rawhide or SKF shaft oil lip
19,11
derivative (PID) type; percent output adjustable.
seals, part number 6383, are required.
6.1.5 Thermocouples—For determination, recording, and
6.1.14 Speedi-sleeve, two Chicago Rawhide or SKF speedi-
19,11
control of the test oil temperature, a ⁄8in. (3.2 mm) Type J
sleeves, part number 99062, are required.
open-tip thermocouple is specified. Thermocouples for other
6.1.15 Joint Radial Seal, two Chicago Rawhide or SKF
data measurements may be used as suitable to the user but in
joint radial (V-ring) seals, part number 400164, are
19,11
all cases shall be placed behind the baffle plate in the gear box
required.
assembly and shall not interfere with normal oil flow patterns
6.1.16 Gear Holder Apparatus, used to hold the test gears
during the test.
during preparation (Annex A12).
6.1.6 Temperature Recorder, any suitable recording device
6.2 Construct all new equipment in accordance with the
capable of generating a temperature record using the specified
engineeringdrawingsavailableattheTMCwebsite inorderto
thermocouples and temperature control devices. Submit tem-
meetcalibrationrequirements.Buildersunabletoobtainspeci-
perature traces for tests with the test report.
fied parts and wishing to use substitutes shall request approval
6.1.7 Alternator—Use a Remy model 10-SI Series Type
from ASTM Subcommittee D02.B0.03.
100, 63A, 12Vnegative ground alternator part number 91751
13,11
for loading the gearset. Modify the alternator by removing
7. Reagents and Materials
the diode trio and resistor as shown in the circuit diagram in
7.1 Air,compressed,instrumentquality,meetingANSI/ISA-
Fig.A10.1. The supplied v-belt pulley may be replaced with a
S7.3, that limits dew point, maximum particle size, and
multi-groove (so called micro-v) pulley provided the original
maximum oil content of the air at the instrument.
metal fan and 1:1 pulley ratio are retained.
6.1.8 Heater Blower—The heater blower system shall sup-
7.2 Copper Catalyst, cold-rolled, electrolytic tough pitch
3 3
ply to the insulated oven assembly 29.5ft /min 65ft /min copper, conforming to UNS (Unified Numbering System)
12,11
(835 L/min 6 142 L/min) of air (at free flow conditions)
C11000. Shear the two strips from stock of thickness
1 1 9 13
throughthe2 ⁄8in.(54mm)diameterbloweropeningasshown ⁄16in. (1.6 mm) to approximately ⁄16in. by 1 ⁄16 in. (14 mm
in the engineering drawings. The heater blower may be a cage
by 46 mm).
typeblowerwheelpoweredbyanelectricmotororpoweredby
way of a toothed belt from the main drive shaft.
Thesolesourceofsupplyoftheapparatusknowntothecommitteeatthistime
6.1.8.1 Confirm the heater blower system air flow at labo-
is SW Controls Inc., 2525 East Royalton Road, Broadview Heights, OH 44147.
ratory ambient conditions with a Preso Low Loss Venturi
Thesolesourceofsupplyoftheapparatusknowntothecommitteeatthistime
is JF Good Company, 11200 Madison Ave., Cleveland, OH 44102.
Bowser-Morner, 4518 Taylorsville Rd., Dayton, OH 45424.
The sole source of supply of the Air Flow Controller Model 840-L-1 known
The sole source of supply known to the committee at this time is Chromolox, to the committee at this time is Sierra Instruments, Inc., 5 Harris Court, Bldg. L,
Inc., 103 Gamma Dr., Pittsburgh, PA 15238. Monterey, CA 93940.
11 18
If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to The sole source of supply of the GA-34 and GA-50 gears known to the
ASTM Headquarters. Your comments will be given careful consideration at a committee at this time is Boston Gear Works, 14 Hayward St., Quincy, MA02171.
meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend.
12 19
The sole source of supply known to the committee at this time is Ogden The sole source of supply of the R-14 10 ball bearing, No. 2-153 (seal plate
Manufacturing Co., 103 Gamma Dr., Pittsburgh, PA 15238. O-ring), No. 2-264 (cover plate O-ring), 6383 seals, 400164 seals, and 99062
The sole source of supply known to the committee at this time is Remy, 600 speedi-sleeves known to the committee at this time is Motion Industries, 4620
Corporation Dr., Pendleton, IN 46064. Hinckley Parkway, Cleveland, OH 44109.
D5704 − 22a
NOTE 2—For more information on the classification of coppers and the
bristle brushes, steel brushes, and long pipe cleaners can be
Unified Numbering System (UNS), consult Classification B224 and
used to aid cleaning. Do not use any copper or copper-
Practice E527, respectively.
containing brushes or material as a cleaning medium. Follow-
7.3 Organic Cleaning Agent. (Warning—Combustible,
ing the cleaning procedure with an organic cleaning agent,
20,21,11
health hazard (see Annex A7).)
wash parts thoroughly with cleaning solvent (see 7.5), and
finally with a volatile hydrocarbon solvent (see 7.6 or 7.7), to
7.4 Silicon Carbide Paper, 180 grit.
facilitate air drying. Allow parts to air dry.
7.5 Solvent, Use only mineral spirits meeting the require-
8.4 Test Gears—Thoroughlycleanthetestgearswithclean-
ments of Specification D235, Type II, Class C for Aromatic
ingsolvent(see7.5).Carefullyexaminethegearteethfornicks
Content(0%to2%vol),FlashPoint(142°F⁄61°C,min)and
and burrs. Do not use gears with major imperfections. Redress
Color (not darker than +25 on Saybolt Scale or 25 on Pt-Co
minor gear teeth imperfections with a fine stone or file. After
Scale). (Warning—Combustible. Health hazard.) Obtain a
finalexamination,washgearsoncemorewithcleaningsolvent
Certificate of Analysis for each batch of solvent from the
and finally with a volatile hydrocarbon solvent, to facilitate air
supplier.)
drying. Allow gears to air dry.
7.6 Toluene, commercial grade. (Warning—Flammable.
8.4.1 PrepareeachgearwithnewScreen-Kutsiliconcarbide
Health hazard.) An example of a satisfactory volatile hydro-
23,11
C-180paper. Placeanewpieceofsiliconcarbidepaperon
carbon solvent.
a solid surface that has a thickness greater than or equal to
7.7 Heptane, commercial grade. (Warning—Flammable.
⁄2in. (12.7mm). Saturate the entire silicon carbide paper with
Health hazard.) An example of a satisfactory volatile hydro-
cleaningsolvent(see7.5).Useonenewpieceofsiliconcarbide
carbon solvent.
paper per gear side, using both sides of the silicon carbide
paper as necessary. Sand both sides of the test gears, with the
8. Preparation of Apparatus
required gear holder apparatus (6.1.16) on the silicon carbide
paper, using a figure eight motion. Do not apply a downward
8.1 Air Box Temperature Limiting Device—After initial rig
force to the gear holder while sanding. Sand the gears until the
installation, preset the oven air temperature limit to 400°F
manufacturer’s machining marks are removed. After final
(204°C). This can be achieved by placing the insulated oven
examination, wash gears once more with cleaning solvent (see
cover in position on the rig and installing the air temperature
sensor at a penetration depth of 3 in. (75 mm) below the top 7.5) and finally with a volatile hydrocarbon solvent (see 7.6 or
7.7), to facilitate air drying.Allow gears to air dry. If the gears
innersurfaceofthecover.Switchontheheatersandcirculating
fan. Adjust the temperature control device to deactivate the are not to be used immediately, wrap the gears in corrosion
inhibiting paper.At this time, Nox-Rust paper has been found
heaterswhentheairtemperaturereaches400°F(204°C).This
24,11
oventemperaturelimitmaylaterbereducedasoutlinedin10.3 to be suitable by the committee.
8.4.1.1 Discard the test gears if not used within 24 h after
to meet rig heat-up requirements.
polishing is completed.
8.2 Temperature Recording and Controlling
8.5 Test Bearing—Priortoinstallation,washthetestbearing
Instrumentation—Since this test procedure is extremely sensi-
first with cleaning solvent (see 7.5), and finally with a volatile
tivetotemperature,itisnecessarytomaintainaperiodiccheck
hydrocarbon solvent, to facilitate drying.Allow the bearing to
upon the accuracy of all items related to temperature measure-
air dry.
ment and control. Therefore, immediately after the installation
of a new test rig, and before every set of reference tests,
8.6 Copper Catalyst:
calibratetheinstrumentationusedtomeasureandrecordtheair
8.6.1 Notch one strip for purpose of identification. The
and oil temperatures against known standards traceable to
notch shall be triangular in shape centered on the long side of
NIST. For instance, calibrate the oil temperature thermo-
the strip. Sides of the triangular notch shall be equal and
couple and indicating controller. This can be accomplished by
approximately 0.2 in. (approximately 5 mm) in length.
immersing the tip of the probe into an auxiliary temperature-
8.6.2 Polish both catalyst strips on all six sides with
23,11
controlled oil bath equipped with a stirrer. Accurately set the
Screen-Kut silicon carbide C-180 paper. Use either a new
bath temperature at 325°F (162.8°C) and confirm the test
piece of Screen-Kut or one retained from the gear polishing
measuring equipment to be accurate prior to testing.
procedure described in 8.4.1.
8.6.3 Wipe both catalyst strips with absorbent cotton pads
8.3 Gear Case—Using the organic cleaning agent (see 7.3),
clean the gear case, vent tube, vent tube baffle, retainer moistened with cleaning solvent (see 7.5), and wash with a
volatile hydrocarbon solvent, to facilitate drying. Allow cata-
bushings, seal sleeves, case cover plate, seal plate, nuts, studs,
flat washers, baffle plate, spacer bushings, bearing bushings lyst strips to air dry.
8.6.4 Record the mass of the catalyst with the notched strip
and clamp, keys, shaft ends, shaft nuts, and catalysts. Nylon
to the nearest 0.0001 g prior to installation. Handle cleaned
Thesolesourceofsupplyoftheapparatusknowntothecommitteeatthistime
is Oakite Products, Inc., 13177 Huron River Dr., Romulus, MI 48174. Thesolesourceofsupplyoftheapparatus(JohnsonAbrasivesScreen-KutPart
Thesolesourceofsupplyoftheapparatusknowntothecommitteeatthistime No. 11003) known to the committee at this time is JohnsonAbrasives Co., Inc., 49
is Pentone Corp., 74 Hudson Ave., Tenafly, NJ 07670. Fitzgerald Dr., Jaffrey, NH 03452, Attn: Scott Johnson (phone: 800-628-8005).
22 24
National Institute of Standards and Technology (formerly National Bureau of Thesolesourceofsupplyoftheapparatusknowntothecommitteeatthistime
Standards), Gaithersburg, MD 20899. is DaubertVCI, Inc., 1333 Burr Ridge Parkway, Suite 200, Burr Ridge, IL 60527.
D5704 − 22a
catalyst strips with one of the following: new nitrile gloves, facing rearward is recommended for ease of catalyst removal
new latex gloves, tweezers, or ashless filter paper to avoid after test with minimal disturbance of deposits.
contamination of the catalyst surface from skin contact.
8.7.15 Install the O-ring seal on the gear case cover.
8.7.16 Install the gear case cover and torque the cap screws
8.7 Gear Case Assembly—Assemble the gear case compo-
to approximately 25 lbf·in. (approximately 2.8 N·m).
nents (see Annex A6 for exploded view).
8.7.1 Inspect all parts prior to assembly of the gear case.
8.8 Air Supply Line—Ensure that the air supply line is free
Replace any parts that would affect proper rig operation (for
from obstructions and then connect the air supply line to the
example, overly worn parts). Parts replacement is left to the
bottom of the gear case.
discretion of the rig builder.Amodified seal plate, detailed on
8.9 Insulated Oven Cover—Ensure that the oven tempera-
gear case drawing number C-3963-1277-2 may be used to
turesensorisatapenetrationdepthof3.0in. 60.2in.(76mm
facilitate removal of the lip seals.
6 5 mm) below the top inner surface of the cover (see 7.5).
8.7.2 Usenewelastomercomponents(O-ringsandlipseals)
Install the cover on the rig.
for each test.
8.10 Air Flow Controller Calibration:
8.7.3 Install the retainer bushings and seal sleeves. Replace
the seal sleeves if they are grooved. 8.10.1 As a standard for all Sierra Side Trak model 840 air
flowcontrollercalibrations,useeitheraSierraTopTrakmodel
8.7.4 Install the lip seals and O-ring seal in the seal plate.
number 822S-L-2-OV1-PV1-V1-SCR2700 or 822S-L-2-OV1-
8.7.5 Install the seal plate in the gear case, using the flat
PV1-V4-SCR2700airflowmeter(thesemodelnumberssuper-
washers to protect the seal plate surface from damage. Torque
sede 822S-L-2-OV1-PV1-V1-A1 and 822S-L-2-OV1-PV1-
the seal plate retaining studs to approximately 25 lbf·in.
V4-A1 which also remain acceptable for use). Calibrate the
(approximately 2.8N·m).
Sierra Top Trak to a traceable national standard at least once
8.7.6 Install a v-ring seal on the upper and lower shafts.
every year at a flow rate of 22.08mg⁄min 62.01mg⁄min at
8.7.7 Install the external retaining rings on the upper and
the outlet with 30psig (206kPa) inlet pressure.
lower shafts.
8.10.2 Priortoinitiatingateststandcalibrationrun,connect
8.7.8 Install the upper and lower spacer bushings on the
the Sierra Top Trak meter to the inlet of the Sierra Side Trak
upper and lower shafts.
controller. Connect the SideTrak outlet to the gear box. Install
8.7.9 Installthebaffleplateandcatalystholderandtorqueto
anairpressuremeasurementdevicetomonitorandregulateair
approximately 25 lbf·in. (approximately 2.8 N·m), using the
pressure to the inlet of the Top Trak to 30psig (206kPa).
flat washers to protect the baffle plate and catalyst holder
Charge the gear box with a commercial 80W-90 grade oil and
surfaces.
bring to test conditions (325°F 61°F (162.8°C 6 0.5°C) at
8.7.10 Insertthebearingintothetestbearingclampwiththe
1750r⁄min 650r⁄min). Adjust the Side Trak until its con-
bearing clamp shoulder on the opposite side of the bearing
trolled flow matches that displayed by the Top Trak. Remove
manufacturer’s number. Use the bearing clamp cap screw to
the Top Trak after completing the calibration.
bolt the bearing clamp closed and torque to approximately
8.10.3 Determination of the need to repeat Side Trak cali-
25lbf·in. (approximately 2.8N·m). Install the locking nut to
bration following an unsuccessful test stand calibration run is
ensure that the bolt does not move during the test.
at the discretion of the testing laboratory.
8.7.11 Insert the test bearing bushing into the test bearing
with the bearing bushing shoulder on the same side of the
9. Calibration and Standardization
bearing as the manufacturer’s number. Install this entire
9.1 Annex A2 describes calibration procedures using the
assembly on the lower shaft so that the bearing manufacturer’s
TMC reference oils, including their storage and conditions of
numberfacesthefrontofthegearcase.Ifthebearingassembly
use, the conducting of tests, and the reporting of results.
hasbeenassembledproperly,thebearingclamparmwillbeon
the opposite side of the gear case as the catalyst holder.
9.2 Annex A3 describes maintenance activities involving
8.7.12 Install the large gear (GA-50) on the lower shaft and
TMC reference oils, including special reference oil tests,
the small gear (GA-34) on the upper shaft along with the shaft
special use of the reference oil calibration system, donated
keys. Install the test gears so that the manufacturer’s name
referenceoiltestprograms,introducingnewreferenceoils,and
faces the front of the case. Install the retaining nuts and torque
TMC information letters and memoranda
to approximately 90 lbf·in. (approximately 10 N·m). The gear
9.3 Annex A4 provides information regarding new
retaining nuts are different since the lower shaft is right-hand
laboratories, the role of theTMC regarding precision data, and
thread and the upper shaft is left-hand thread.
the calibration of test stands used for non standard tests.
8.7.13 Insert the test oil thermocouple so that the tip
protrudes perpendicular to the slanted lower right side of the
9.4 Reference Test Frequency—The test stand calibration
gear case assembly and protrudes 0.50in. 6 0.04 in. (13 mm
period is defined as three months or 10 tests, whichever occurs
6 1mm) into the gear case.
first. It begins on the completion date of an operationally and
8.7.14 Insert catalysts in the grooves on the catalyst holder. statistically acceptable reference oil test as determined by the
Catalysts shall be sized for a tight fit in the catalyst holder to TMC. Any test started on or before the stand calibration
avoid movement of the catalysts during the test. Placement of expiration date is defined to have been run on a calibrated
thenotchedstriptowardtherearofthegearcasewiththenotch stand.
D5704 − 22a
9.4.1 When a test stand is out of calibration for a period of 10.7.1 A downtime occurrence is defined as the time at
six months or longer, renumber the stand, and follow LTMS whichthetestisshutdownuntilthetimethetestreturnstotest
guidelines for new stand introduction. operating specifications.
9.4.2 Reportmodificationofteststandapparatusorcomple- 10.7.2 Donotcalculatepercentdeviationsduringdowntime
tion of any nonstandard test on a calibrated test stand to the occurrences.
TMC immediately. 10.7.3 Record all operational data at a minimum of once
every hour. A reading out of specification using once-every-
9.5 Every test start on any test stand shall receive a
hour data recording is considered to be out for the full hour
sequentialtestrunnumberdesignatedbeforetestingbegins.All
unless otherwise documented.
tests, including aborted starts and operationally invalid tests,
must retain their test number. 10.8 Upon the completion of the test, immediately shut
down the equipment. Remove the air line, and drain the test
9.6 Instrumentation Calibration—Immediately prior to
lubricant into a clean, weighed container. The gear case cover
commencing each reference oil test, calibrate the large gear
plate may be loosened to facilitate draining but do not remove
shaft speed system, alternator output system, blower motor
it. Drain the test stand for 30 min 6 5 min. To determine the
output system, air flow controller system, air box temperature
final oil mass measurement, weigh the container and drained
control system, and oil temperature control system against
oil and calculate the oil mass loss percent using the equation
standards traceable to NIST. Instrumentation calibrations prior
below:
to reference oil tests that follow a failed or invalid first attempt
are at the discretion of the test laboratory. Retain record of initialmass 2finalmass
oillossinmass% 5 3100 (1)
these calibrations for a minimum of two years. initialmass
where:
10. Procedure for Conducting the Test
initial mass = initial oil charge mass, and
10.1 Pour 120mL 6 5mLof the lubricant to be tested into
final mass = drain oil mass.
a clean container. Weigh the container of oil. Charge the gear
10.8.1 Any test exceeding a mass loss of 20% is operation-
case with the test lubricant. Reweigh the container and deter-
ally invalid.
mine the oil charged by subtraction. Record the weight of the
test oil charge to the nearest 0.01g.
10.9 At the completion of the oil mass loss calculation,
transfertheentireoildrain,includingsolids,usingaflat-bladed
10.2 Preset air flow rate to 22.08mg⁄min 6 2.01mg⁄min.
stainless steel tool from the weighed container into a single
10.3 Record the time. Turn on the main drive motor. Heat
sample bottle for kinematic viscosity, pentane insolubles,
the oil from ambient to 324°F (162.2°C). Any test where
tolulene insolubles, and total acid number evaluation as out-
heat-up time is less than 45 min or greater than 60min is
lined in Section 13. The single sample bottle contents shall be
operationally invalid. Record the time that the temperature
homogenous prior to kinematic viscosity, pentane insolubles,
reached 324°F (162.2°C) as the start of test time. Adjust the
toluene insolubles, and total acid number evaluation.
temperature control system to maintain the bulk test lubricant
10.10 Remove the test gears from the gear case between
temperature at 325°F 61°F (162.8°C 6 0.6°C).
30min and 60min after test completion. Do not disturb any of
10.3.1 Record all operational data at a minimum of once
the deposits on the gears.
every 15 min. A reading out of specification using once-
every-15mindatarecordingisconsideredtobeoutforthefull
11. Procedure for Determination of the Gear Cleanliness
15 min unless otherwise documented.
25,11
Ratings
10.4 If the rig heat-up time is less than 45 min, the oven
11.1 Evaluation of the test gears is performed after remov-
temperature limit should be reduced until the heat-up time is
ing the catalyst strips, test gears, test bearing, and internal gear
equaltoorgreaterthan45minbutlessthan60min.Apossible
case components.
cause of heat-up times greater than 60 min is improper fit
between the insulated oven and insulated oven cover or other
11.2 After gear case disassembly, as specified in 10.10,
areas of excessive oven thermal leakage, or both. Under no
immediately place test parts side-by-side in a draining position
circumstances shall the oven temperature limit be set higher
(a draining position is a position within 15° of vertical.) at
than 400°F (204°C). The rig heat-up time should be checked
roomtemperatureforaminimumof1hbeforerating.Ratethe
prior to every set of reference tests to ensure consistent rig
test parts within 64 h of test completion.
performance.
11.3 Gear Sludge Rating:
10.5 Adjustthefieldsupplyofthealternatorforanetoutput
11.3.1 To fix the distance from the rating light to the gear
of 128W 65W.
face and to control the angle of incidence of the light on the
gear, mount the gear being rated onto the L-60-1 Gear Rating
10.6 The large gear shall maintain a speed of 1750r⁄min 6
Jig.
50r⁄min throughout the heat-up and test time.
10.7 Run the test at the conditions specified for 50.0h 6
0.1h. Terminate the test if more than 5 min of total downtime
The sole source of the apparatus (L-60-1 Gear Rating Jig) known to the
occursduringthetestperiod.RecordanydowntimeonForm4,
committee at this time is ASTM Test Monitoring Center, 203 Armstrong Drive,
Annex A8. Freeport, PA16229.
D5704 − 22a
11.3.2 Handle the gears at the gear teeth lands to avoid any 11.4.8 Thewipedareaoneachgearface,excludingthegear
contact with the rated area. teeth and spacer bushing contact area, is the ratable area.
11.3.3 Use a cool white type fluorescent or LED 4000K to Subdivide the total ratable area into percentage areas of
5000K color temperature light with a minimum illumination different carbon depths and varnish intensities. Use any of the
level of 200fc (2150lx). three Rating Scales (A, B, or C) of the ASTM Rust/Varnish/
11.3.4 PlacethegearontheL-60-1GearRatingJigwiththe Lacquer Rating Scale for Non Rubbing Parts found in ASTM
Deposit Rating Manual 20 to determine varnish rating factors
keyway vertical and the front side up.
11.3.5 Using a lint-free cloth, wipe an approximately ⁄4 in. for each subdivision containing varnish deposits.
11.4.9 Rate carbon from 0.00 (heavy carbon) to 0.99 (trace
(20 mm) wide area across the diameter of the face of the gear
along the keyway. Wipe the gear five times in the same carbon) using an expanded rating scale. Determine carbon
rating factors by referring to the ASTM L-60-1 Rating Aid in
direction.
11.3.6 Position the light on the two brackets on the top of ASTM Deposit Rating Manual 20. Calculate the carbon merit
rating by multiplying the rating factor by the percentage area.
the L-60-1 Gear Rating Jig. Verify light fixture is approxi-
mately level in all directions. Report this rating to two decimal places.
11.4.10 Rotate the gear 180 degrees and rate the other half
11.3.7 Rate the top half of the gear looking down on the
of the gear.
gear.
11.4.11 Determinethecarbon/varnishmeritratingforagear
11.3.8 Subdivide the total ratable area into percentage areas
face by adding the individual area merit ratings for the wiped
of different sludge depths and ratings using ASTM Deposit
areaofthatface.Determinethecarbon/varnishratingusingthe
Rating Manual 20 (use the sludge scale and sludge gauge,
large gear only. The small gear may be rated for additional
included in the manual). Calculate and record the sludge
information. Rate the front and back faces of both gears
volume factor for each subdivided area. The total volume
individually.
factor for a gear face is determined by adding the individual
11.4.12 The carbon/varnish rating is defined as the average
area volume factors for that gear face.
of the front and back face merit ratings for the large gear. The
11.3.9 Convert the total volume factor for each gear face to
small gear should be rated similarly, but separately, for
a merit rating usingASTM Deposit Rating Manual 20. Report
additional information.
this rating to two decimal places.
11.3.10 Do not rate the wiped area, the gear teeth, or the
11.5 Use Form 5, Annex A8 for calculating and reporting
spacer bushing contact area for sludge.
carbon/varnish and sludge rating measurements.
11.3.11 Rotate the gear 180 degrees and rate the other half
11.6 For the test rating to be valid, the gears shall be rated
of the gear.
by an individual who has met the requirements for rater
11.3.12 Repeat the same steps for the small gear.
calibration stated in the Rater Calibration Monitoring System
11.3.13 The sludge rating is defined as the average of the
(RCMS) document. The document can be found on the TMC
four merit ratings of the four gear faces.
website (astmtmc.org).
11.4 Gear Carbon/Varnish Rating:
12. Procedure for Determination of Catalyst Mass Loss
11.4.1 To fix the distance from the rating light to the gear
face and to control the angle of incidence of the light on the
12.1 Determine the Catalyst Mass Loss:
gear, mount the gear being rated onto the L-60-1 Gear Rating
12.1.1 Carefully remove all the deposits from the notched
Jig.
copper catalyst strip by soaking for approximately 30 min in
11.4.2 Handle the gears at the gear teeth lands to avoid any
Oakite 811, Penmul L460, or equivalent.
contact with the rated area.
12.1.2 Wash in cleaning solvent (see 7.5).
11.4.3 Use a cool white type fluorescent 4500K color
12.1.3 Remove deposit residue from the surface by rubbing
temperature light with a minimum illumination level of 200 fc
lightly with a clean cloth.
(2150 lx).
12.1.4 Wash in cleaning solvent (see 7.5).
11.4.4 PlacethegearontheL-60-1GearRatingJigwiththe
12.1.5 Wipe with absorbent cotton pads moistened with a
keyway vertical and the front side up.
volatile hydrocarbon solvent.
11.4.5 If not already done for previous sludge rating, use a
12.1.6 Wash in a volatile hydrocarbon solvent. Allow cata-
lint-free cloth to wipe an approximately ⁄4 in. (20 mm) wide
lyst strip to air dry.
area across the diameter of the face of the gear along the
12.1.7 Handle the cleaned catalyst strip with tweezers or
keyway. Wipe the gear five times in the same direction.
ashless filter paper in order to avoid inaccurate mass loss
11.4.6 Position the light on the two brackets on the top of
information. Record the mass of the cleaned catalyst with the
the L-60-1 Gear Rating Jig. Verify light fixture is approxi-
notched strip to the nearest 0.0001g to determine the copper
mately level in all directions.
activity of the test lubricant. The mass loss is reported as a
11.4.7 Rate the top half of the gear looking down on the
percent loss based upon the original mass of the notched strip.
gear.
13. Procedure for Evaluation of Drain Oil
13.1 Determinethefollowingtestlubricantparameters(pay
particular attention to the sample handling instructions in the
ASTM Deposit Rating Manual 20 available at the ASTM website,
www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. relevant standard):
D5704 − 22a
13.1.1 Kinematic viscosity of the untested oil and of the where:
drain oil in centistokes at 212°F (100°C) using Test Method
Mi = magnitude of test – parameter out from specification
D445. Do not filter the sample. Run the post-test viscosity
limit at occurrence i,
determination within 48 h of the end of the test.
R = test parameter specification range,
13.1.2 Total acid number of the drain oil usingTest Method
Ti = length of time the test parameter was outside of
D664. specificationrangeatoccurrence i,(Tiisassumedtobe
13.1.3 n-Pentane and toluene insolubles using Test Method
no less than the recorded data-acquisition frequency
D893, Procedure A without coagulant. Evaluate the pentane/ unless supplemental readings are documented.), and
toluene insolubles within 48 h of the end of the test. D = test or test phase duration in same units as Ti.
14.5.1 Invalidateanytestthatexceedsthepercentoutlimits
14. Calculation
in Table 1 for either warm up or on test conditions.
14.1 Calculate the percent viscosity increase by Eq 2, using
14.6 Round test results according to Practice E29.
the initial oil kinematic viscosity and the drain oil kinematic
viscosity.
15. Report
finalKV 2initialKV
percentviscosityincrease 5 3100 (2)
15.1 For reference oil results, use the standardized report
initialKV
form set available from the ASTM TMC.
where:
NOTE 3—Report the non-reference oil test results on these same forms
KV = kinematic viscosity.
if the results are intended to be submitted as candidate oil results against
a specification.
14.2 Calculate the catalyst percent mass loss using Eq 3:
15.1.1 Fill out the report forms according to the formats
percentagelossin (3)
shown in the data dictionary.
catalystinitialmass 2catalystfinalmass
15.1.2 Transmit results to the TMC within 5 working days
catalystmass 5 3100
catalystinitialmass
of test completion.
15.1.3 Transmittheresultselectronicallyasdescribedinthe
where:
ASTM Data Communications Committee Test Report Trans-
catalyst initial mass = initial catalyst mass as determined in
mission Model (Section 2 — Flat File Transmission Format)
8.6.4, and
available from the ASTM TMC. Upload files via the TMC’s
catalyst final mass = final catalyst mass as determined in
website.
12.1.7.
15.2 Report all reference oil test results, whether aborted,
14.3 Anindustry-wideaveragecarbonvarnishseverityshift
invalidated, or successfully completed, to the TMC.
began sometime in the year 2000. No cause for this shift has
been determined. To compensate for this shift, correct the
15.3 Deviations from Test Operational Limits—Report all
average carbon varnish result for all tests by adding 0.6 merits
deviations from specified test operational limits.
to the rated average carbon varnish. If the result is greater than
15.4 Precision of Reported Units—Use the Practice E29
10, record 10.
rounding off method for critical pass/fail test result data.
14.4 Correct non-reference oil results for industry severity
Report the data to the same precision as indicated in data
using the equations detailed in Annex A9. Correct non-
dictionary.
reference oil results for stand severity using the equations
15.5 In the space provided, note the time, date, test hour,
detailed in Annex A11.
and duration of any shutdown or off-test condition. Document
14.5 Calculate percent out for each parameter in Table 1
the outcome of all prior reference oil tests from the current
using the following equation and record results in Form 6,
calibration sequence that were operationally or statistically
Annex A8.
invalid.
n
Mi Ti
15.6 If a calibration period is extended beyond the normal
percentout 5 3 3100 (4)
S D
(
0.5R D
i51
calibration period length, make a note in the comment section
andattachawrittenconfirmationofthegrantedextensionfrom
the TMC to the test report. List the outcomes of previous runs
TABLE 1 Test Validity Parameters
that may need to be considered as part of the extension in the
Parameter
comment section.
Oil Temperature Air Flow Alternator Large Gear
Power Speed
15.7 Attach to the test report plots for all parameters in
Specification 325 °F (163 °C) 22.08 mg/min 128 W 1750 r/min
Table 1. Include warmup time.
Range 2 °F (-17 °C) 4.02 mg/min 10 W 100 r/min
% Out of
15.8 For tests with viscosity results that are too viscous to
specification NA 10 % 10 % 5 %
(warm up) measure, report a value of NA. For test results where viscosity
% Out of
is too viscous to measure or have a value of zero for viscosity
specification 5% 5% 5% 2%
increase, pentane insolubles, or toluene insolubles, do not
(test)
apply any severity adjustment.
D5704 − 22a
within-laboratory conditions.
16. Precision and Bias
16.1.1.1 Intermediate Precision Limit(i.p.)—Thedifference
16.1 Test precision is established on the basis of reference
between
...