ASTM F476-84(1996)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: F 476 – 84 (Reapproved 1996)
Standard Test Methods for
Security of Swinging Door Assemblies
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 476; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
e NOTE—Section X5.2.1 was corrected editorially in April 1992.
1. Scope taining the cylinder core, tumbler mechanism, and the keyway.
A double-cylinder lock is one which has a key-actuated
1.1 These test methods cover door assemblies of various
cylinder on both the exterior and interior of the door.
materials and types of construction for use in wall openings to
3.5 cylinder core (or cylinder plug)—the central part of a
deter unwanted intruders.
cylinder, containing the keyway, which is rotated by the key to
1.2 Door assemblies, covered by these test methods, also
operate the lock mechanism.
include individual components such as the hinge, lock, door,
3.6 deadbolt—a lock bolt that does not have a spring action
jamb/strike, and jamb/wall.
as opposed to a latch bolt that does. The bolt must be actuated
1.3 These test methods are designed to measure the capa-
by a key or a knob, or both, or thumb turn, and when projected
bility of a swinging door assembly to restrain or delay and to
becomes locked against return by end pressure.
frustrate the commission of “break-in” crimes.
3.7 dead latch (or dead locking latch bolt)—a spring-
1.4 These test methods apply primarily to typical entry door
actuated latch bolt having a beveled end and incorporating a
assemblies in single- and multi-family residential housing.
plunger which, when depressed, automatically locks the pro-
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
jected latch bolt against return by end pressure.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.8 door assembly—a unit composed of a group of parts or
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
components that make up a closure for a passageway through
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
a wall. For the purposes of these test methods, a door assembly
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
consists of the following parts: door, hinges, locking device or
2. Referenced Documents
devices, operation contacts (such as handles, knobs, push
plates), miscellaneous hardware and closures, the frame, in-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
cluding the head and jambs plus the anchorage devices to the
F 471 Terminology Relating to Combination Locks
surrounding wall, and a portion of the surrounding wall
3. Terminology Definitions
extending 900 mm (36 in.) from each side of the jambs and 400
mm (16 in.) above the head.
3.1 bolt—a metal bar which, when actuated, is projected (or
3.9 jamb—the vertical members of a door frame (such as,
thrown) either horizontally or vertically into a retaining mem-
those fixed members to which the door is secured).
ber, such as a strike plate, to impede a door from moving or
3.10 jamb/strike—that component of a door assembly
opening.
which receives and holds securely the extended lock bolt. The
3.2 bolt projection (or bolt throw)—the distance from the
strike and jamb, used together, are considered a unit.
edge of the door, at the bolt center line, to the farthest point on
3.11 jamb/wall—that component of a door assembly to
the bolt in the projected position, when subjected to end
which a door is attached and secured. The wall and jamb, used
pressure.
together, are considered a unit.
3.3 component—as distinguished from a part, a subassem-
3.12 key-in-knob—a lockset having the key cylinder and
bly that combines with other components to make up a total
other lock mechanisms, such as a push or turn button,
door assembly. The prime components of a door assembly
contained in the knobs.
include: door, lock, hinges, jamb/wall, jamb/strike, and wall.
3.13 latch (or latch bolt)—a beveled, spring-actuated bolt,
3.4 cylinder—the cylindrical subassembly of a lock, con-
that may or may not have a dead locking device.
3.14 lock (or lockset)—a keyed device (complete with
This method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F-12 on Security
cylinder, latch or dead bolt mechanism, and trim such as knobs,
Systems and Equipmentand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F12.50on
Locking Devices. levers, thumb turns, escutcheons, etc.) for securing a door in a
Current edition approved May 25, 1984. Published July 1984. Originally
closed position against forced entry. For the purposes of this
published as F 476 – 76. Last previous edition F 476 – 76.
standard, a lock does not include the strike plate.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.07.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
F 476
3.15 lock front—the outer plate through which the locking The torque loading adapters shall be designed to grip the knobs
bolt projects and which is usually flush with the edge of the and cylinders.
door. 5.1.5 Tension Loading Device—The tension loading device
3.16 part—as distinguished from component, a unit (or shall be capable of delivering and measuring tensile forces of
subassembly) that combines with other units to make up a up to 18 kN (4000 lbf).
component. 5.1.6 Compression Loading Device—The compression
3.17 strike—a metal plate attached to, or mortised into a loading device shall be capable of delivering and measuring
door jamb to receive and to hold a projected latch bolt or dead compressive forces of up to 900 N (200 lbf).
bolt, or both, in order to secure the door to the jamb. 5.1.7 Jamb Spreading Device—The jamb spreading device
3.18 swinging door—a stile (side)-hinged door. shall be capable of delivering to door jambs and measuring
3.19 Type A lock—a lock that uses a single bolt, or separate spreading forces of up to 22 kN (4950 lbf) with a means of
latch and lock bolts that are mechanically interconnected. measuring up to 13 mm ( ⁄2 in.) of increase in lock-front to
3.20 Type B lock—a lock in which the latch bolt is mechani- strike distance. The device shall have on each end either a load
cally independent from the lock bolt. bearing plate or pressure foot that provides a minimum contact
3.21 For definitions of other terms used in these test surface of 40 by 120 mm (1 ⁄2 by 5 in.).
methods, refer to Definitions F 471. 5.1.8 Instrument Accuracy—The tension loading and jamb
spreading devices shall have a combined calibration and
4. Significance and Use
reading error no greater than 200 N (45 lbf). The compression
4.1 Crime statistics show that the majority of all burglary
loading device shall have a combined calibration and reading
attacks are on residential property. These test methods are, error of no greater than 40 N (9 lbf). The torquemeter shall
therefore, designed to aid in identifying a level of physical
have a combined error no greater than 3.4N·m (2.5 lbf · ft).
restraint, by swinging door assemblies, that will help reduce The impact energy of each pendulum system shall be con-
this large increment of crime.
trolled to within 6 1%.
4.2 These test methods are not intended to provide a
6. Construction and Size
measure of resistance for a door assembly subjected to attacks
6.1 The construction and size of the test door assemblies,
by skilled burglars on high pay-off targets. These attacks and
consisting of single doors, doors in pairs, special-purpose doors
targets require higher level, more sophisticated resistance,
which usually includes alarms, communication, and apprehen- (such as Dutch doors), jambs and headers, and all hardware
components shall be representative of the classification or
sion systems.
4.3 The wall assembly described in 7.3 is considered rating that is desired.
6.2 The door assembly support fixture shall simulate the
suitable for the scope of these test methods. Wall construction
that differs in dynamic response from that described in 6.3 may rigidity normally provided to a door assembly in a building by
the ceiling, floor and walls. Fig. 1 shows an acceptable fixture.
require testing in accordance with Section 11.
6.3 The test fixture for door, door jamb, hinge, lock, strike,
4.4 The primary purpose of this standard is to provide
and other components shall consist of a vertical wall section
detailed test methods. Acceptance criteria for performance
constructed from 2 by 4 wood studs, 410 mm (16 in.) on center,
levels are considered a matter for authorities having jurisdic-
with a rough entry door opening, and shall be covered with
tion. Some potential guidelines may be found in Annex A1.
13-mm ( ⁄2-in.) exterior grade plywood sheathing on the
5. Apparatus 1
exterior and ⁄2-in. gypsum board on the interior. It shall be
5.1 A detailed description of test equipment suitable for this constructed as shown in Fig. 2 and shall be secured to the wall
standard can be found in Appendix X1. In summary, the support fixture (at the sides and top) and to the laboratory floor.
equipment consists of the following: For tests of door, lock, strike, and hinge components, the
5.1.1 Door Ram—The door ram shall be a pendulum system fixture wall section shall also include a door jamb.
with a steel weight capable of delivering horizontal impacts of 6.4 The alternative test fixture for lockset components shall
up to 200 J (148 ft · lbf). The striking end of the weight shall consist of a small door assembly, as shown in Figs. 3 and 4.
be hemispherical and have a diameter of approximately 150 The frame shall be fabricated from steel angle and plate at least
mm (6 in.). 5mm( ⁄16 in.) thick. The test panel shall be 600 mm (24 in.)
5.1.2 Component Ram—The component ram shall be a square and 45 mm (1 ⁄4 in.) thick, made by bonding three
pendulum system with a steel weight capable of delivering pieces of plywood together or by cutting a section from a
horizontal impacts of up to 100 J (74 ft · lbf). The striking end 45-mm (1 ⁄4-in.) solid wood core door (such as, glued block
of the weight shall have an impact nose approximately 32 mm core construction NWMA IS-1). A50 by 50 by 3-mm (2 by 2
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(1 ⁄4 in.) in diameter. by ⁄8-in.) steel angle shall be bolted to the hinge edge of the
5.1.3 Vertical Impactor—The vertical pendulum system door panel, and a removable steel strike plate shall be bolted to
shall employ a steel weight and be capable of delivering the frame at the lock position of the door panel. The alternate
vertical (downward) impacts of up to 100 J (74 ft · lbf) to a lockset component test fixture shown in Figs. 3 and 4 may be
door knob installed in a door assembly. used in lieu of the lockset component test fixture shown. The
5.1.4 Torque Applicator—The portable torque applicator use of steel plates and expendable wood blocks as shown in the
shall be capable of delivering and measuring up to 160 N·m drawing may be used on the full size test fixture as described
(118 lbf · ft) of torque to both door knobs and lock cylinders. in 6.3 when testing lock and hinge components.
F 476
NOTE 1—Vertical members are equivalent to, or better in bending than, W8 3 10 steel beam.
NOTE 2—Horizontal members are equivalent to, or better in bending than,a2by 8-ft wood plank.
NOTE 3—Diagonal members are equivalent to, or better than, 2 by 2 by ⁄4 in.-steel angle.
NOTE 4—Adequate floor anchorage of the entire wall support fixture is essential.
FIG. 1 Wall Support Fixture
6.5 The test fixture for static bolt load tests (10.2) shall scribed in 6.3. Except when testing hinges, hinge the door with
1 1
consist of a vertical panel fabricated from wood attached to a 1 ⁄2 pairs of 115-mm (4 ⁄2-in.) steel butt hinges, and fix it in the
stable horizontal base, as shown in Fig. 5. The top edge of the closed-locked position (at the normal lock point) with a real or
panel shall be parallel to the bottom surface of the base. The simulated latch bolt having sufficient strength and stiffness to
panel shall be about 45 mm (1 ⁄4 in.) thick and the top edge prevent it from failing during test. In the absence of other
shall be prepared to permit the lock set which is being tested to construction specifications, make the clearances on the lock
1 1
be mounted in the panel in accordance with the manufacturer’s side, hinge side, and top of the door 3.2 6 0.4 mm ( ⁄8 6 ⁄64
instructions. in.). Clearance at the threshold is not considered critical in
these tests.
7. Sampling
8.4 To test locksets as components, install them in the
7.1 Specimens shall be representative and adequately iden-
alternative component test fixture described in 6.4. Fix the test
tified for future reference. Complete manufacturer or fabricator
panel in the closed locked position at the normal locking point.
installation instructions and full-size templates for all items of
Hinge the test panel with two 115-mm (4 ⁄2-in.) steel butt
hardware shall be included.
hinges.
8.5 To test lock sets for static bolt load, install them in the
8. Mounting for Test
test fixture described in 6.5.
8.1 Swinging doors shall be mounted so as to open away
9. Procedure
from the working area, except when testing an out-swinging
door assembly. 9.1 One complete assembly shall be used to conduct the
8.2 Prepare doors and door jambs for the installation of tests. Tests shall be given in the sequence of Sections 10-21.
locksets and hinges in conformance with the manufacturer’s Tests under Sections 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, and 16, if conducted in
instructions. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for fasten- the test panel shall not be repeated in the door assembly being
ing the jamb to the support fixture described in 6.2. tested. These tests need not be repeated for successive tests of
8.3 Install components such as test doors, door jambs, other door assemblies where the same lock model is being
hinges, and jamb/strikes in the component test fixture de- used.
F 476
NOTE 1—All studs, plates and headers are 2 by 4’s.
NOTE 2—Nail sole plate and lower member of top plate to each stud with 2—16d end nails.
NOTE 3—Nail upper member of top plate to the lower member with 16d nails, one nail near each stud and two near each end.
NOTE 4—Nail the double studs together with 16d nails not more than 610 mm (24 in.) on centers.
NOTE 5—Nail the header (two 2 by 4’s) to each full length stud with 4—16d end nails.
NOTE 6—Nail ⁄2 in. plywood sheathing to plates and studs with 6d nails at 150 mm (6 in.) on centers around the perimeter
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