ASTM D7230-06(2021)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D7230 − 06 (Reapproved 2021)
Standard Guide for
Evaluating Polymeric Lining Systems for Water Immersion
in Coating Service Level III Safety-Related Applications on
Metal Substrates
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7230; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
and are not considered standard.
1.1 This guide establishes procedures for evaluating lining
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
system test specimens under simulated operating conditions.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.2 Lining systems to be tested in accordance with this
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
guide are intended for use in both new construction and for
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
refurbishing existing systems or components.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.3 The lining systems evaluated in accordance with this
1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-
guideareexpectedtobeappliedtometalsubstratescomprising
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
water-wetted (that is, continuous or intermittent immersion)
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
surfaces in systems that may include:
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1.3.1 Service water piping upstream of safety-related
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
components,
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.3.2 Service water pump internals (draft tube, volutes, and
diffusers),
2. Referenced Documents
1.3.3 Service water heat exchanger channels, pass
2.1 ASTM Standards:
partitions, tubesheets, end bells, and covers,
A36/A36MSpecification for Carbon Structural Steel
1.3.4 Service water strainers, and
C868Test Method for Chemical Resistance of Protective
1.3.5 Refueling water storage tanks and refuel cavity water
Linings (Withdrawn 2015)
storage tanks.
D115Test Methods for Testing Solvent Containing Var-
1.4 This guide anticipates that the lining systems to be
nishes Used for Electrical Insulation
tested include liquid-grade and paste-grade polymeric materi- D714Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Blistering of
als. Sheet type lining materials, such as rubber, are excluded
Paints
from the scope of this guide. D2240Test Method for Rubber Property—Durometer Hard-
ness
1.5 Because of the specialized nature of these tests and the
D2583Test Method for Indentation Hardness of Rigid Plas-
desire in many cases to simulate to some degree the expected
tics by Means of a Barcol Impressor
service environment, the creation of a standard practice is not
D2794Test Method for Resistance of Organic Coatings to
practical. This standard gives guidance in setting up tests and
the Effects of Rapid Deformation (Impact)
specifiestestproceduresandreportingrequirementsthatcanbe
D4060Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Organic
followed even with differing materials, specimen preparation
Coatings by the Taber Abraser
methods, and test facilities.
D4082Test Method for Effects of Gamma Radiation on
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
Coatings for Use in Nuclear Power Plants
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
D4538Terminology Relating to Protective Coating and
1 2
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D33 on Protective For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Coating and Lining Work for Power Generation Facilities and is the direct contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
responsibility of Subcommittee D33.02 on Service and Material Parameters. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2021. Published March 2021. Originally the ASTM website.
approved in 2006. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D7230–06 (2013). The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
DOI: 10.1520/D7230-06R21. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D7230 − 06 (2021)
Lining Work for Power Generation Facilities 3.1.5 lining, n—particular type of coating intended for
D4541Test Method for Pull-Off Strength of Coatings Using protection of substrates from corrosion as a result of continu-
Portable Adhesion Testers ous or intermittent fluid immersion.
D5139Specification for Sample Preparation for Qualifica- 3.1.5.1 Discussion—The normal operating service environ-
tion Testing of Coatings to be Used in Nuclear Power ments to which linings are subject are aggressive. As such,
Plants materialandapplicationprocessparametersarespecializedand
D5144Guide for Use of Protective Coating Standards in require exacting quality control measures.
Nuclear Power Plants
3.1.6 liquid-grade, adj—lining material that is liquid when
D6677Test Method for Evaluating Adhesion by Knife
mixed and applied.
D7167Guide for Establishing Procedures to Monitor the
3.1.6.1 Discussion—Liquid-grade polymeric lining materi-
Performance of Safety-Related Coating Service Level III
als are typically used as prime and finish coats in a lining
Lining Systems in an Operating Nuclear Power Plant
system.
E96/E96MTest Methods for Water Vapor Transmission of
3.1.7 paste-grade, adj—lining material that, when mixed,
Materials
resultsinapaste-likematerialthatisoftenappliedbytrowelor
G14TestMethodforImpactResistanceofPipelineCoatings
squeegee.
(Falling Weight Test)
3.1.7.1 Discussion—Paste-grade polymeric lining materials
G42Test Method for Cathodic Disbonding of Pipeline
are often used as the build coat in a lining system and are
Coatings Subjected to Elevated Temperatures
always incorporated in a cladding system. In addition to
2.2 Federal Standards
imparting thickness and impact resistance, the paste-grade
EPA Method 415.1Total Organic Carbon in Water
build coat material has the ability to restore an extensively
2.3 NACE International
corroded surface to a relative smooth condition by filling
RP0394Application, Performance and Quality Control of
corrosion-induced surface porosity, pits, and depressions.
Plant-Applied, Fusion Bonded External Pipe Coating
3.1.8 service water, n—that water used to cool power plant
TM0174Laboratory Methods for the Evaluation of Coating
components or extract heat from systems or components, or
Materials and Lining Material on Metallic Substrates in
both.
Immersion Service
3.1.8.1 Discussion—Cooling/heatextractionisgenerallyac-
TM0404Offshore Platform Atmospheric and Splash Zone
complished via heat exchangers, fan coolers, or chillers.
New Construction Coating System Evaluation
Service water may be raw water or water chemically treated to
3. Terminology
retard corrosion. Service water systems are distinct and sepa-
rate from the circulating water system used to extract waste
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
heat from the main steam surface condenser.
3.1.1 In addition to the following terms, general terms
applicable to this standard are found in Terminology D4538.
4. Summary of Guide
3.1.2 cladding, n—a thick coating system comprised of a
liquid-grade prime coat, a paste-grade intermediate build coat,
4.1 Theobjectivesofthetestingsetforthinthisguideareto
and a liquid-grade finish coat.
evaluate a CSL III lining system’s ability to:
3.1.2.1 Discussion—This system is typically applied as a
4.1.1 Preventcorrosionanderosionofthemetallicmaterials
lining to heat exchanger tubesheets and as a repair material in
of construction and
localized areas of metal loss (for example, pump impeller
4.1.2 Remain intact during design basis conditions.
cavitation, pipe wall corrosion) to restore surface contour. A
4.2 The Tests Outlined Comprise Two Distinct Phases:
modified(thatis,thinner)claddingmaybeusedonthewarmer
4.2.1 Phase 1—Phase 1 includes two primary assessments
side of heat exchanger pass partitions to prevent “cold wall”
and certain additional related physical testing. The Phase 1
blistering.
tests are considered essential to the objective of developing a
3.1.3 Coating Service Level III (CSL III), n—areas outside
test database that can be used to rank and otherwise compare
the reactor containment where lining (or coating) failure could
candidate-lining systems.
adversely affect the safety function of a safety-related
4.2.1.1 Permeability Testing—Defined thicknesses of liquid
structure, system, or component (SSC).
and paste-grade polymeric lining materials are tested to assess
3.1.3.1 Discussion—This definition is consistent with that
their relative imperviousness.
found in Guide D5144.
4.2.1.2 Test (Atlas) Cell “Conditioning” Followed by De-
3.1.4 cold wall effect, n—propensity for a fluid or vapor to
structive Testing—Test specimens representing thinner and
permeate into/through a lining applied to the warmer side of a
thicker film candidate lining systems are “conditioned” by
substratethatservesasaboundarybetweenwarmerandcooler
exposure to test conditions replicating water immersion envi-
fluids.
ronments that produce a temperature gradient across the
specimen (that is, “cold wall” conditions). Following
AvailablefromU.S.GovernmentPrintingOfficeSuperintendentofDocuments,
conditioning, the test specimens are tested for impact
732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http://
resistance, flexibility, adhesion, and hardness.
www.access.gpo.gov.
4.2.2 Phase2—Phase2includesadditionaldestructivetests.
Available from NACE International (NACE), 1440 South Creek Dr., Houston,
TX 77084-4906, http://www.nace.org. Phase 2 testing is intended to provide additional performance
D7230 − 06 (2021)
data that can be used to refine the lining selection process. For exhibit moisture permeation to the substrate accelerated by the
instance, Phase 1 tests may be used to evaluate a relatively cold-wall effect. Many instances of premature pass partition
broad array of candidate materials. Once the field of candidate warm-side blistering have been noted in the nuclear industry.
systems is narrowed via Phase 1 testing, Phase 2 tests can be Such degradation has also been seen on lined cover plate and
used to fine-tune the system selection process. channelbarrelsegmentsthatreflectwater-to-airconfigurations.
5.6 Large water-to-water ∆Ts are known to be the most
5. Significance and Use
severe design condition. The test device used to replicate ∆T
5.1 Safety-related service water system (SWS) components configurations is known as an “Atlas cell.”Atlas cell testing is
governed by industry standard test methodologies (Test
are designed to provide adequate cooling to equipment essen-
tial to the safe operation and shutdown of the plant. Linings in Method C868 and NACE TM0174). A lining proven suitable
forthemostseverehypothesized∆Twouldalsobesuitablefor
these systems are installed to maintain the integrity of the
system components by preventing corrosion and erosion of the service on other waterside surfaces.
metal materials of construction. Linings on SWS surfaces
5.7 Plant cooling water varies in composition and tempera-
upstream of components, including heat exchangers, orifice
tureseasonally.Forpurposesofstandardization,demineralized
plates, strainers, and valves, the detachment of which may
water is used in Atlas cell exposures rather than raw plant
affect safe-plant operation or shutdown, may be considered
water. It is generally accepted in polymeric coatings technol-
safety-related, depending on plant-specific licensing commit-
ogy that low-conductivity water (deionized or demineralized)
ments and design bases.
ismoreaggressivewithrespecttoitsabilitytopermeatelinings
5.2 The testing presented in this guide is used to provide thanrawwater.Thus,stipulatinguseoflow-conductivitywater
as the test medium is considered conservative.
reasonable assurance that the linings, when properly applied,
will be suitable for the intended service by preventing corro-
6. Reagents
sion and erosion for some extended period of time.
Additionally, the test data derived allows development of 6.1 Unless otherwise indicated in the project-specific test
schedules, methods, and techniques for assessing the condition instructions or under a particular test method described here-
of the lining materials (see Guide D7167). The ultimate inafter:
objective of the testing is to avoid lining failures that could 6.1.1 Reagent water used in conjunction with permeability
resultinblockageofequipment,suchaspipingorheattransfer tests and Atlas cell exposures should have a maximum con-
components, preventing the system or component from per- ductivity of 1.0µ S/cm.
forming its intended safety function.
7. Procedure
5.3 It is expected that this guide will be used by:
7.1 The user of this guide is expected to invoke only those
5.3.1 Lining manufacturers for comparing specific products
tests that are applicable. Refer to Table 1. A test specification
and systems and to establish a qualification basis for recom-
should be developed to indicate the particular tests to be used.
mended linings and
The test specification should include details on the lining
5.3.2 End users seeking a consistent design basis for candi-
systems to be evaluated.
date coating systems.
7.2 For plant-specific applications, design and operating
5.4 In the event of conflict, users of this guide must
parameters will need to be reviewed. On the basis of that
recognize that the licensee’s plant-specific quality assurance
review, the site-specific design objectives for testing can be
program and licensing commitments shall prevail with respect
defined. Test parameters based on water temperatures and∆Ts
to the selection process for and qualification of CSL III lining
more severe than the plant-specific normal and upset condi-
materials.
tionsmightalsobeallowed.Thetestspecimenshouldreplicate
5.5 Operating experience has shown that the most severe
the anticipated plant-specific substrate condition to the extent
operating conditions with respect to heat exchanger linings
practicable (for example, new, corroded, etc.).
occur on pass partitions. A phenomenon known as the “cold
7.3 Steel Test Specimens—Duplicate test specimens should
wall effect” accelerates moisture permeation through a coating
be provided fabricated from hot-rolled mild carbon steel
appliedtothewarmersideofapartitionthatseparatesfluidsat
conforming to Specification A36/A36M. Thickness and other
two different temperatures. The thickness and permeability of
dimensions are stipulated for each specific test referenced
the lining are key variables affecting the ability of a lining to
herein.
withstand cold wall blistering.
5.5.1 This effect is particularly pronounced when the sepa- 7.4 Product Information and Characterization—Each batch
rated fluids are water, though the effect will occur when only ofeachcomponentoftheliningmaterialstobeusedfortesting
airisontheotherside,forexample,anoutdoortankfilledwith described herein should be identified and “fingerprinted” by
warm liquid.Aheat exchanger pass partition represents geom- means of the data and testing described in Section 3.2 of
etry uniquely vulnerable to the water-to-water maximized NACE TM0404, which includes Fourier transform infrared
temperature differentials (∆Ts) that drive the cold wall effect. (FTIR) analysis. FTIR testing should be per method #4A of
5.5.2 Pass partitions separate relatively cold incoming cool- NACE TM0404, that is, the attenuated total reflection method
ing water from the discharge water warmed by the heat for pigmented samples. Testing should be performed by a
exchanger’s thermal duty. Improperly designed coatings will laboratoryapprovedbytheorganizationforwhichthetestingis
D7230 − 06 (2021)
TABLE 1 Matrix of Testing Requirements
Phase 1 Tests Phase 2 Tests
Permeability Atlas Atlas Cell AC AC TOC
...