ASTM B1020/B1020M-22

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: B1020/B1020M − 21 B1020/B1020M − 22
Standard Specification for
Seamless Nickel Alloy Mechanical Tubing and Hollow Bar
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B1020/B1020M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This specification covers seamless nickel alloy tubing for use in mechanical applications or as hollow bar for use in the
production of hollow components such as, but not limited to, nozzles, reducers, and couplings by machining where
corrosion-resistant or high-temperature strength is needed. The grades covered are listed in Table 1.
1.2 This specification covers seamless cold-finished mechanical tubing and hollow bar, and seamless hot-finished mechanical
tubing and hollow bar in sizes up to 12 ⁄4 in.
[325 mm] in outside nominal diameter (for round tubing) with wall thicknesses or inside diameters as required.
1.3 Optional supplementary requirements are provided and when desired, shall be stated in the order.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used
independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B829 Specification for General Requirements for Nickel and Nickel Alloys Seamless Pipe and Tube
E112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size
2.2 Federal Standard:
Fed. Std. No. 123 Marking for Shipments (Civil Agencies)
2.3 Military Standards:
MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage
MIL-STD-163 Steel Mill Products Preparation for Shipment and Storage
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B02 on Nonferrous Metals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B02.07 on Refined
Nickel and Cobalt and Their Alloys.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2021Oct. 1, 2022. Published November 2021October 2022. Originally approved in 2021. Last previous edition approved in 2021 as
B1020/B1020M – 21. DOI: 10.1520/B1020_B1020M-21.10.1520/B1020_B1020M-22.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
B1020/B1020M − 22
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
Composition, %
Phos-
Grade
Sulfur, Silicon, Other
C
Carbon Manganese phorus, Nickel Chromium Molybdenum Titanium Niobium Cu Iron
max max Elements
max
A
N10276 0.010 max 1.0 max 0.04 0.03 0.08 remainder 14.5 to 16.5 15. to 17.0 4.0 to 7.0 W 3.0-4.5
{ { { V 0.35
max
A B
N06625 0.10 max 0.50 max 0.015 0.015 0.50 58.0 min 20.0 to 23.0 8.0 to 10.0 0.40 max 3.15 to 4.15 5.0 max Co 1.0 max
{
Al 0.40 max
A B
N07718 0.08 max 0.35 max 0.015 0.015 0.35 50.0 to 55.0 17.0 to 21.0 2.80 to 3.30 0.65 to 1.15 4.75 to 5.50 0.30 max remainder Co 1.0 max
Al 0.20-0.80
B 0.006 max
A
N08825 0.05 max 1.0 max { 0.03 0.5 38.0 to 46.0 19.5 to 23.5 2.5 to 3.5 0.6 to 1.2 { 1.5 to 3.0 22.0 min {
N09925 0.03 max 1.0 max 0.03 0.03 0.5 42.0 to 46.0 19.5 to 22.50 2.5 to 3.5 1.9 to 2.40 0.5 max 1.5 to 3.0 22.0 min Al 0.1-0.5
A
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
Composition, %
Grade
Other
D
Carbon Manganese Phosphorus Sulfur Silicon Nickel Chromium Molybdenum Titanium Niobium Cu Iron
Elements
B
N10276 0.010 1.0 0.04 0.03 0.08 remainder 14.5 to 16.5 15. to 17.0 4.0 to 7.0 W 3.0-4.5
{ { { V 0.35
Co 2.5
B C
N06625 0.10 0.50 0.015 0.015 0.50 58.0 min 20.0 to 23.0 8.0 to 10.0 0.40 3.15 to 4.15 5.0 Co 1.0
{
Al 0.40
B C
N07718 0.08 0.35 0.015 0.015 0.35 50.0 to 55.0 17.0 to 21.0 2.80 to 3.30 0.65 to 1.15 4.75 to 5.50 0.30 remainder Co 1.0
Al 0.20-0.80
B 0.006
B
N08825 0.05 1.0 { 0.03 0.5 38.0 to 46.0 19.5 to 23.5 2.5 to 3.5 0.6 to 1.2 { 1.5 to 3.0 22.0 min Al 0.2
N09925 0.03 1.0 0.03 0.03 0.5 42.0 to 46.0 19.5 to 22.50 2.5 to 3.5 1.9 to 2.40 0.5 1.5 to 3.0 22.0 min Al 0.1-0.5
A
Maximum unless range or minimum is given. Where ellipses (.) appear in this table, there is no requirement and analysis for the element need not be determined or reported.
B
Element shall be determined arithmetically by difference.
C
If determined.
D
The terms Niobium (Nb) and Columbium (Cb) are alternate names for the same element.

B1020/B1020M − 22
3.1.1 hollow bar, n—round tubing that is intended to produce engineering components by machining, generally specified by
minimum outside diameter and maximum inside diameter.
3.1.2 mechanical tubing, n—tubing of various shapes used for mechanical and general engineering purposes, specified by nominal
outside dimension and nominal wall.
4. Ordering Information
4.1 Orders for material under this specification should include the following as required to describe the desired material
adequately:
4.1.1 Quantity (feet, mass, or number of pieces),
4.1.2 Name of material (seamless mechanical tubing or hollow bar),
4.1.3 Mechanical tubing form only (round, square, rectangular, special, see 6.6),
4.1.4 Dimensions (round, nominal outside diameter and nominal wall thickness, (see 8.1 and 8.2) or minimum outside diameter
and maximum inside diameter (see 8.3); square and rectangular, nominal outside dimensions and nominal wall thickness, see
Section 12; other, specify),
4.1.5 Length (specific or random, see 8.4),
4.1.6 Manufacture (cold- or hot-finished, see 6.5),
4.1.7 Grade (Section 7),
4.1.8 Condition (solution heat-treated, as cold worked, or with special heat treatment, controlled microstructural characteristics,
or other condition as required, see 6.7 – 6.10),
4.1.8.1 For precipitation-hardening grades, unless otherwise specified, the material will be supplied in the solution heat-treated
condition.
4.1.8.2 If neither grade of N06625 is specified, Grade 2 will be supplied.
4.1.9 Surface finish (special pickling, shot blasting, or polishing, as required, see Supplementary Requirement S4),
4.1.10 Specification designation,
4.1.11 Report of chemical analysis, if required (see 7.2 – 7.4),
4.1.12 Individual supplementary requirements, if required,
NOTE 1—Supplementary requirements S1 and S2 are required for hollow bar only (see Section 10).
4.1.13 End use,
4.1.14 Packaging,
4.1.15 Special marking (see 14.2),
4.1.16 Special packing (see 15.2), and
4.1.17 Special requirements.
B1020/B1020M − 22
5. General Requirements
5.1 Material furnished under this specification shall conform to the applicable requirements of the current edition of Specification
B829 unless otherwise provided herein.
6. Materials and Manufacture
6.1 The material may be made by any process.
6.2 If a specific type of melting is required by the purchaser, it shall be as stated on the purchase order.
6.3 The primary melting may incorporate separate degassing or refining and may be followed by secondary melting, such as
electroslag remelting or vacuum-arc remelting. If secondary melting is employed, the heat shall be defined as all of the ingots
remelted from a single primary heat.
6.4 The nickel alloy may be cast in ingots or may be strand cast. When different grades are sequentially strand cast, identification
of the resultant transition material is required. The producer shall remove the transition material by an established procedure that
positively separates the grades.
6.5 The tubes shall be made by a seamless process and by either cold working or hot working as specified. Seamless tubing is
a tubular product made without a welded seam. It is usually manufactured by hot working and then cold finishing the hotworked
tubing to produce the desired shape, dimensions, and properties.
6.6 Tubes for mechanical applications shall be furnished in one of the following shapes, as specified by the purchaser: round,
square, rectangular, or special. Tubes to be used as hollow bar shall be furnished in round shape.
6.7 Round seamless mechanical tubing is generally supplied in the cold-worked and solution heat-treated condition (see 6.8
through 6.9). Square, rectangular, or other shapes of tubing are generally supplied solution heat-treated prior to final cold shaping.
If some other condition is desired, details shall be included in the order. Round seamless hollow bar is generally applied in the
hot-worked and solution heat-treated condition.
6.8 The thermal treatment for precipitation-hardening grades shall be performed by a method and at a temperature selected by the
manufacturer unless otherwise specified by the purchaser.
6.9 Unless otherwise specified, all mechanical tubing and hollow bar shall be furnished in the solution heat-treated condition as
specified in Table 2. Alternatively, immediately following hot forming while the temperature of the mechanical tubing or hollow
bar is not less than the specified minimum solution treatment temperature, tubes may be individually quenched in water or rapidly
cooled by other means. This solution heat treatment shall precede final cold work, when cold-worked tempers are required.
6.10 If any controlled microstructural characteristics are required, these shall be specified so as to be a guide to the most suitable
heat treatment.
7. Chemical Composition
7.1 The material shall conform to the requirements as to chemical composition prescribed in Table 1.
7.2 An analysis of each heat shall be made by the manufacturer to determine the percentages of the elements specified. If
secondary melting processes are employed, the heat analysis shall be obtained from one remelted ingot or the product of one
remelted ingot of each primary melt. The chemical composition thus determined, or that determined from a product analysis made
by the tubular product manufacturer, shall be reported to the purchaser or the purchaser’s representative and shall conform to the
requirements specified. When requested in the order or contract, a report of this analysis shall be furnished to the purchaser.
7.3 A product analysis of either one billet or one tube shall be made for each heat.
B1020/B1020M − 22
TABLE 2 Heat Treatment
Grade Recommended Solution Quench Recommended Precipitation Hardening
Treatment/Anneal Treatment
B
N10276 solution heat-treated at quenched in water or rapidly cooled by
2050 °F [1121 °C] other means
B
N06625 Grade 1 annealed 1600 °F [871 °C] min quenched in water or rapidly cooled by
other means
B
N06625 Grade 2 solution heat-treated at 2000 °F quenched in water or rapidly cooled by
[1093 °C] min, with or without other means
subsequent stabilization anneal at
1800 °F [982 °C] min to increase
resistance to sensitization
A
N07718 solution heat-treated at 1700 to 1850 °F cool at rate equivalent to air cool or 1325 ± 25 °F [718 ± 14 °C], hold at temperature
[924 to 1010 °C], hold ⁄2 h min faster for 8 h, furnace cool to 1150 ± 25 °F [621 ±
14 °C], hold until total precipitation heat
treatment time has reached 18 h, air cool
B
N08825 solution heat-treated at 1725 °F [940 °C] quenched in water or rapidly cooled by
to 1750 °F [980 °C] other means
A
N09925 solution heat-treated at 1825 to 1875 °F cool at rate equivalent to air cool or 1365 ± 25 °F [740 ± 14 °C], hold at temperature
[996 to 1024 °C], hold ⁄2 min, and 4 h faster for 6 to 9 h, furnace cool to 1150 ± 25 °F [621
max ± 14 °C], hold until total precipitation heat
treatment time has reached 18 h, air cool or
faster
A
The purchaser shall designate on the purchase order or inquiry any partial stage of heat treatment required on material to be shipped.
B
Material is supplied solution heat-treated/annealed condition as indicated.
7.4 If the original test for product analysis fails, retests of two additional billets or tubes shall be made. Both retests, for the
elements in question, shall meet the requirements of the specification, otherwise all remaining material in the heat or lot shall be
rejected or, at the option of the producer, each billet or tube may be individually tested for acceptance. Billets or tubes which do
not meet the requirements of this specification shall be rejected.
8. Permissible Variations in Dimensions of Round Mechanical Tubing and Hollow Bar
8.1 Nominal Outside Diameter and Nominal Wall Thickness (Cold Finished Mechanical Tubing and Hollow Bar)—Variations in
outside diameter and wall thickness shall not exceed the amounts prescribed in Table 3.
8.2 Nominal Diameter and Nominal Wall Thickness (Hot Finished Mechanical Tubing and Hollow Bar)—Variations in outside
diameter and wall thickness shall not exceed the amounts prescribed in Table 4.
8.3 Minimum Outside Diameter and Maximum Inside Diameter (Cold-Finished and Hot-Finished Hollow Bar)—Variations in
outside diameter and wall thickness shall not exceed the amounts prescribed in Table 5.
8.4 Lengths (Cold Finished or Hot Finished)—Mechanical tubing and hollow bar are commonly furnished in mill lengths 5 ft [1.5
m] and over. When random lengths are ordered, mechanical tubing and hollow bar lengths may vary by an amount up to 7 ft [2.1
m]. Definite cut lengths are furnished, when specified, to the length tolerances shown in Table 3 or Table 4. For mechanical tubing
and hollow bar ordered in multiple lengths, it is common practice to allow a definite amount over for each multiple for the
purchaser’s cutting operations. This amount depends on the type of purchaser’s cutting and varies with differing wall thickness.
The cutting allowance should be specified on the purchase order. When it is not specified, mechanical tubing and hollow bar are
customarily supplied with the following allowance for each multiple:
Wall Thickness, Excess Length per Multiple,
in. [mm] in. [mm]
1 1
Up to ⁄8 [3.2] ⁄8 [3]
1 1 3
Over ⁄8 to ⁄2 [3.2 to 12.7] ⁄16 [5]
1 1
Over ⁄2 [12.7] ⁄4 [6]
8.5 Straightness Tolerances (Cold Finished or Hot Finished Mechanical Tubing)—The deviation from straightness shall not
exceed the amounts shown in Table 6 when measured with a 3-ft [1 m] straightedge and feeler gauge. If determined by the dial
indicator method, the values obtained will be approximately twice those determined by the straightedge feeler gauge method.
B1020/B1020M − 22
TABLE 3 Permissible Variations in Outside Diameter, Ovality, Wall Thickness, and Cut-Length Variations
A
(Cold-Finished Round Mechanical Tubing and Hollow Bar)
C,D
B
Prevailing Range Wall Thickness in % Permissible Variations in Cut Length,
Outside Diameter,
Ovality, Double
E
B
Outside Nominal of Commercially in. [mm]
Outside Diameter
Tolerance,
Tolerance when
Diameter, in. [mm] Available Metric in. [mm]
Over Under Over Under
wall is:
Over and Under
Sizes, mm
1 1
Under ⁄2 [13] Under 12.7 0.005 [0.1] less than 0.015 in. 15 15 ⁄8 [3] 0
[0.4 mm]
1 1 1
⁄2 [13] to 1 ⁄2 [38], 12.7 to 38.1, excl 0.005 [0.1] less than 0.065 in. 10 10 ⁄8 [3] 0
excl [1.6 mm]
1 1 3
1 ⁄2 [38] to 3 ⁄2 38.1 to 88.9 excl 0.010 [0.3] less than 0.095 in. 10 10 ⁄16 [5] 0
[90], excl [2.4 mm]
1 1 3
3 ⁄2 [90] to 5 ⁄2 88.9 to 139.7, excl 0.015 [0.4] less than 0.150 in. 10 10 ⁄16 [5] 0
[140], excl [3.8 mm]
1 3
5 ⁄2 [140] to 8 139.7 to 203.2, 0.030 [0.8] less than 0.240 in. 10 10 ⁄16 [5] 0
[200], excl excl [6.1 mm]
5 3
8 [200] to 8 ⁄8 203.2 to 219.1, 0.045 [1.1] less than 0.300 in. 10 10 ⁄16 [5] 0
[220], excl excl [7.6 mm]
5 3 3
8 ⁄8 [220] to 12 ⁄4 219.1 to 323.9, 0.062 [1.6] less than 0.350 in. 10 10 ⁄16 [5] 0
[325], incl incl [8.9 mm]
A
1 5
Tolerances of tubes produced by the rod or bar mandrel process and which have an inside diameter under ⁄2 in. [12.7 mm] (or an inside diameter under ⁄8 in. [15.8 mm]
when the wall thickness is more than 20 % of the outside diameter) are as shown in this table, except that wall thickness tolerances are 10 % over and under the specified
wall thickness.
B
For ovality values, the tolerance for average outside diameter at any one cross section does not exceed the outside diameter tolerance value for the applicable outside
diameter.
C
Many tubes with wall thicknesses more than 25 % of outside diameter or with wall thicknesses over 1 ⁄4 in. [31.7 mm], or weighing more than 90 lb/ft [60.5 kg/m], are
difficult to draw over a mandrel. Therefore, the wall thickness can vary 12 ⁄2 % over and under that specified. Also see Footnote (B).
D
1 5
For those tubes with inside diameter under ⁄2 in. [12.7 mm] (or under ⁄8 in. [15.8 mm] when the wall thickness is more than 20 % of the outside diameter) which are
not commonly drawn over a mandrel, Footnote (A) is not applicable. Therefore, the wall thickness can vary 15 % over and under that specified, and the inside diameter
is governed by both the outside diameter and wall thickness tolerances.
E
These tolerances apply to cut lengths up to and including 24 ft [7.3 m]. For lengths over 24 ft [7.3 m], an additional over tolerance of ⁄8 in. [3 mm] for each 10 ft [3 m]
or fraction thereof shall be permissible, up to a maximum tolerance of ⁄2 in. [13 mm].
8.6 Straightness Tolerances (Cold Finished or Hot Finished Hollow Bar)—The deviation from straightness of any hollow bar
length (L) shall not exceed 0.0015 L, and not exceeding 0.072 in. per 3 ft [2 mm per 1 m] when measured with a 3-ft [1 m] straight
edge and feeler gage. If determined by the dial indicator method, the values obtained will be approximately twice those determined
by the straightedge feeler gauge method.
9. Permissible Variations in Dimensions of Square and Rectangular Mechanical Tubing
9.1 Square and rectangular seamless mechanical tubing is supplied as cold worked unless otherwise specified. For this tubing,
variations in dimensions from those specified shall not exceed the amounts prescribed in Table 7, Table 8, Table 9, and Table 10.
9.2 The squareness of sides is commonly determined by one of the following methods.
9.2.1 A square, with two adjustable contact points on each arm, is placed on two sides. A fixed feeler gauge is then used to measure
the maximum distance between the free contact point and the surface of the tubing.
9.2.2 A square, equipped with a direct reading vernier, may be used to determine the angular deviation which, in turn, may be
related to distance in inches.
9.3 The squareness of sides varies in accordance with the following equation:
6b 5 c 30.006 (1)
where:
b = tolerance for out-of-square, and
c = length of longest side.
Example: Rectangular tubes 2 by 1 may have sides fail to be 90° to each other by 60.012 in. [0.3 mm].
B1020/B1020M − 22
TABLE 4 Permissible Variations in Outside Diameter, Wall Thickness, and Cut-Length Variations (Hot-Finished Round Mechanical Tubing and Hollow Bar)
Prevailing Outside Diameter and Wall Thickness Tolerances Permissible Variations in
Specified
A
Range of Ratio of Cut Length, in. [mm]
Nominal
Commerc- Wall
Wall Thickness, %
Inch Size,
ially Thickness Outside Diameter, in.
Outside 0.109 in. 0.109 [2.77] to Over 0.172 [4.37] to Over 0.203 in. [5.16 mm]
Available to Outside [mm]
Diameter, [2.77 mm] and under 0.172 in. [4.37 mm], incl 0.203 in. [5.16 mm], incl
+ –
Metric Diameter
in. [mm]
Over Under Over Under Over Under Over Under Over Under
Sizes, mm
Under 3 Under All wall 0.023 [0.6] 0.023 [0.6] 16.5 16.5 15 15 14 14 12.5 12.5 ⁄16 [4.8] 0
[75] 76.1 thicknesses
3 [75] to 76.1 to All wall 0.031 [0.8] 0.031 [0.8] 16.5 16.5 15 15 14 14 12.5 12.5 ⁄16 [4.8] 0
5 ⁄2 [140], 139.7, thicknesses
excl excl
1 3
5 ⁄2 [140] 139.7 to All wall 0.047 [1.2] 0.047 [1.2] . . . . 14 14 12.5 12.5 ⁄16 [4.8] 0
to 8 [200], 203.2, thicknesses
excl excl
8 [200] to 203.2 to 5 % and 0.047 [1.2] 0.047 [1.2] . . . . . . 12.5 12.5 ⁄16 [4.8] 0
10 ⁄4 273.1, over
[275], excl excl
3 3
10 ⁄4 [275] 273.1 to Under 5 0.063 [1.6] 0.063 [1.6] . . . . . . 12.5 12.5 ⁄16 [4.8] 0
to 12 ⁄4 323.9, incl %
[325], incl
A
These tolerances apply to cut lengths up to and including 24 ft [7.3 m]. For lengths over 24 ft [7.3 m], an additional over tolerance of ⁄8 in. [3 mm] for each 10 ft [3 m] or faction thereof shall be permissible, up to a
maximum tolerance of ⁄2 in. [13 mm].

B1020/B1020M − 22
TABLE 5 Permissible Variations in Minimum Outside Diameter
and Maximum Inside Diameter
(Cold-Finished and Hot-Finished Round Hollow Bar)
Minimum Tolerance on Outside Maximum Tolerance on Inside
Outside Diameter in. [mm] Inside Diameter
Diameter Diameter in. [mm]
(D) (d)
in. [mm] in. [mm]
Over Under Over Under
D < 2 [50] 0.04 [1] 0.00 [0] d < 2 [50] 0.00 [0] 0.04 [1]
A
D $ 2 [50] 0.02 D 0.00 [0] d < 2 [50] 0.00 [0] 0.04 [1]
A B
D $ 2 [50] 0.02 D 0.00 [0] d $ 2 [50] 0.00 [0] 0.02 d
A
Calculate value: 2 % × Specified Minimum Outside Diameter.
B
Calculate value: 2 % × Specified Maximum Inside Diamete
...