ASTM D3580-95(1999)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: D 3580 – 95 (Reapproved 1999)
Standard Test Methods for
Vibration (Vertical Linear Motion) Test of Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3580; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of reso-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Section 6 for
nances of unpackaged products and components of unpackaged
specific precautionary statements.
products by means of vertical linear motion at the surface on
which the product is mounted for test. Two alternate test
2. Referenced Documents
methods are presented:
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Test Method A—Resonance Search Using Sinusoidal Vibration, and
D 996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-
Test Method B—Resonance Search Using Random Vibration.
ments
NOTE 1—The two test methods are not necessarily equivalent and may
D 4332 Practice for Conditioning Containers, Packages, or
not produce the same results. It is possible that tests using random
Package Components for Testing
vibration may be more representative of the transport environment and
may be conducted more quickly than sine tests. D 4728 Test Method for Random Vibration Testing of
Shipping Containers
1.2 This information may be used to examine the response
E 122 Practice for Choice of Sample Size to Estimate the
of products to vibration for product design purposes, or for the
Average Quality of a Lot or Process
design of a container or interior package that will minimize
2.2 Military Standard:
transportation vibration inputs at these critical frequencies,
MIL-STD 810, Method 514 Vibration
when these products resonances are within the expected
transportation environment frequency range. Since vibration
3. Terminology
damage is most likely to occur at product resonant frequencies,
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in these test
these resonances may be thought of as potential product
methods, see Terminology D 996.
fragility points.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.3 Information obtained from the optional dwell test meth-
3.2.1 decade— the interval of two frequencies having a
ods may be used to assess the fatigue characteristics of the
basic frequency ratio of 10 (1 decade 5 3.322 octaves).
resonating components and for product modification. This may
3.2.2 decibel (dB)—a logarithmic expression of the relative
become necessary if the response of a product would require
values of two quantities. For relative power measurements, the
design of an impractical or excessively costly shipping con-
dB value equals 10 times the base-10 logarithm of the ratio of
tainer.
the two quantities, that is, dB 5 10 log {P1/P2}.
1.4 These test methods do not necessarily simulate the
3.2.3 mean-square—the time average of the square of the
vibration effects that the product will encounter in its opera-
function.
tional or in-use environment. Other, more suitable test proce-
3.2.4 octave—the interval of two frequencies having a
dures should be used for this purpose.
basic frequency ratio of 2 (1 octave 5 0.301 decade).
1.5 Test levels given in these test methods represent the
3.2.5 overall g rms—the square root of the integral of power
correlation of the best information currently available from
spectral density over the total frequency range.
research investigation and from experience in the use of these
3.2.6 power spectral density (PSD)—a term used to quan-
test methods. If more applicable or accurate data are available,
tify the intensity of random vibration in terms of mean-square
they should be substituted.
2 2
acceleration per unit of frequency. The units are g /Hz (g /
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
cycles/s). Power spectral density is the limiting mean square
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
value in a given rectangular bandwidth divided by the band-
width, as the bandwidth approaches zero.
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-10 on
Packaging and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.15 on Fragility Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.09.
Assessment. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
Current edition approved Sept. 10, 1995. Published November 1995. Originally Available from Defense Printing Service Detachment Office, Bldg. 4D,
published as D 3580 – 77 T. Last previous edition D 3580 – 90. NPM-DODSSP, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111–5094.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 3580
3.2.7 random vibration—oscillatory motion which contains rigidly mount the product in a manner similar to the way in
no periodic or quasiperiodic constituent. which it will be supported in its shipping container. Relative
3.2.8 random vibration magnitude—the root-mean–square motion between the test surface and the specimen mounting
of the power spectral density value. The instantaneous magni- interface shall not be permitted.
tudes of random vibration are not prescribed for any given
5.3 Instrumentation:
instant in time, but instead are prescribed by a probability
5.3.1 Sensors, signal conditioners, filters, and a data acqui-
distribution function, the integral of which over a given
sition apparatus are required to monitor or record, or both, the
magnitude range will give the probable percentage of time that
accelerations and frequencies at the test surface of the appara-
the magnitude will fall within that range.
tus and at points of interest in the product. The instrumentation
3.2.9 resonance—for a system undergoing forced vibration,
system shall have a response accurate to within 65 % over the
the frequency at which any change of the exciting frequency in
test range.
the vicinity of the exciting frequency, causes a decrease in the
5.3.1.1 For Test Method A, the frequencies and acceleration
response of the system.
amplitudes or transmissibilities may be taken either manually
3.2.10 root-mean-square (rms)—the square root of the
or by means of a recording instrument. A stroboscope or video
mean-square value. In the exclusive case of a sine wave, the
system may be beneficial for visual examination of the
rms value is 0.707 times the peak.
specimen under test.
3.2.11 sinusoidal vibration—periodic motion whose accel-
5.3.1.2 For Test Method B, the data acquisition apparatus
eration versus time waveform has the general shape of a sine
shall be capable of recording or indicating the transmissibilities
curve, that is, y 5 sine x.
between points of interest in the product to the test surface,
3.2.12 sinusoidal vibration amplitude—the maximum
over the frequency bandwidth specified in 10.5.
value of a sinusoidal quantity. By convention, acceleration is
typically specified in terms of zero-to-peak amplitude, while
6. Hazards
displacement is specified in terms of peak-to-peak amplitude.
6.1 Precaution—These test methods may produce severe
3.2.13 transmissibility—the ratio of the measured accelera-
mechanical response in the product being tested. Therefore, the
tion amplitude at a point of interest in the product to the
means used to fasten the product to the test surface must be of
measured input acceleration amplitude of the test surface of the
sufficient strength to keep it adequately secured. Operating
apparatus.
personnel shall remain alert to potential hazards and take
3.2.14 vertical linear motion—motion occurring essentially
necessary precautions for their safety. Stop the test method
along a straight vertical line, with no significant horizontal or
immediately if a dangerous condition should develop.
off-axis components.
4. Significance and Use
7. Sampling
4.1 Products are exposed to complex dynamic stresses in the
7.1 Test specimens and number of samples shall be chosen
transportation environment. The determination of the resonant
to permit an adequate determination of representative perfor-
frequencies of the product may aid the packaging designer in
mance. Whenever sufficient products are available, five or
determining the proper packaging system to provide adequate
more replicate samples should be tested to improve the
protection for the product, as well as providing an understand-
statistical reliability of the data obtained (see Practice E 122).
ing of the complex interactions between the components of the
product as they relate to expected transportation vibration
8. Test Specimens
inputs.
8.1 The product as intended for packaging shall constitute
the test specimen. Sensor(s) may be applied as appropriate to
5. Apparatus
measure data points of interest with the minimum possible
5.1 Vibration Test Machine—The machine shall consist of a
alteration of the test specimen. In particular, sensors shall be
flat horizontal test surface of sufficient strength and rigidity
lightweight and have flexible cables to prevent changing either
such that the applied vibrations are essentially uniform over the
the effective weight or stiffness of the components to which
entire test surface when loaded with the test specimen. The test
they are mounted, thereby changing the resonant frequencies of
surface shall be driven to move only in vertical linear motion
the components. Parts and surfaces of the specimen may be
throughout the desired range of amplitudes and frequencies.
marked for identification and reference. When necessary to
5.1.1 Sinusoidal Control—The frequency and amplitude of
observe interior components of the product during tests, holes
the motion shall be variable, under control, to cover the range
may be cut in noncritical areas or noncritical panels may be
specified in 10.4.
removed.
5.1.2 Random Control—The frequency and amplitudes of
motion shall be continuously variable, under control, to
9. Conditioning
achieve
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