ASTM D3603-20

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D3603 − 14 D3603 − 20
Standard Test Method for
Rust-Preventing Characteristics of Steam Turbine Oil in the
Presence of Water (Horizontal Disk Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3603; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the ability of steam-turbine oils to prevent the rusting of horizontal and vertical ferrous surfaces when
water becomes mixed with the oil.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A108 Specification for Steel Bar, Carbon and Alloy, Cold-Finished
A240/A240M Specification for Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip for Pressure Vessels and
for General Applications
D91 Test Method for Precipitation Number of Lubricating Oils
D665 Test Method for Rust-Preventing Characteristics of Inhibited Mineral Oil in the Presence of Water
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
E2251 Specification for Liquid-in-Glass ASTM Thermometers with Low-Hazard Precision Liquids
2.2 Other Standards:
IP 60/80 Specification for Petroleum Spirit
SAE 30304 Steel, Corrosion-Resistant, Sheet, Strip, and Plate, 19Cr - 9.2Ni
BS 970:Part 1:1983 Specification for wrought steels for mechanical and allied engineering purposes. General inspection and
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricantsand is the direct responsibility of D02.C0.02
on Corrosion and Water/Air Separability.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2014Dec. 1, 2020. Published February 2015December 2020. Originally approved in 1977. Last previous edition approved in 20072014
as D3603 – 07.D3603 – 14. DOI: 10.1520/D3603-14.10.1520/D3603-20.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Available from Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish St., London, WIG 7AR, U.K., http://www.energyinst.org.uk.
Available from SAE World Headquarters, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D3603 − 20
testing procedures and specific requirements for carbon, carbon manganese, alloy and stainless steels
BS 871:1981 Specification for abrasive papers and cloths
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology D4175.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The test method involves completely immersing a horizontal steel disk and vertical steel cylinder in a stirred mixture of
275 mL of the oil under test and 25 mL of distilled water (water conforming to Specification D1193, Type II) at a temperature at
60 °C (140 °F).
4.2 The horizontal specimen allows water to puddle on the surface, and the vertical specimen is continually washed with the
oil-water mixture during the test.
4.3 The test is run for 6 h and the specimens are evaluated.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Horizontal metal surfaces, on which water droplets tend to be retained, are more prone to rusting and corrosion than vertical
or sloping surfaces. This test method is therefore more discriminating than Test Method D665 (Procedure A), since it gives a
separate evaluation of the oil on a horizontal and a vertical surface. The test method indicates the ability of oils to prevent rusting
and corrosion of all ferrous surfaces in steam turbines under full flow and quasi-static conditions. It is used for specification of new
oils.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Oil Bath—A thermostatically controlled liquid bath capable of maintaining a temperature in the oil sample of 60 °C 6 1 °C
(140 °F 6 2 °F). The bath shall have a cover with holes to accommodate the test beakers.
NOTE 1—The bath used for Test Method D665 may be used with slight modification, that is, the centers of the beaker holes are moved from 6.4 mm to
1 23
18.3 mm ( ⁄4 in. to ⁄32 in.) from the axes of the stirrers.
NOTE 2—To indicate the temperature, a thermometer conforming to the requirements of ASTM Thermometer 9C or 9F, or IP Thermometer 21C, as
prescribed in Specification E1 should be used. Thermometric devices such as RTDs, themistors, thermocouples, or a thermometer conforming to
Specification E2251 may be used.
NOTE 3—Thermometer S130C (S130F) in Specification E2251 may be suitable. Temperature range: –7 °C to 105 °C and scale error, max.: 0.5 °C as
compared to Thermometer 9C with a temperature range of –5 °C to 110 °C and a scale error, max of 0.5 °C.
6.2 Beaker—A 400 mL, Berzelius-type, tall-form heat-resistant glass (see Note 4) beaker without pourout, as shown in Fig. 1,
approximately 127 mm (5 in.) in height measured from the inside bottom center and approximately 70 mm (2 ⁄4 in.) in inside
diameter measured at the middle.
NOTE 4—Borosilicate glass is satisfactory for this purpose.
6.3 Beaker Cover and Specimen Holder—A flat beaker cover (Fig. 2) of methyl methacrylate resin or other fluid resistant material
is kept in position by a suitable groove. Three holes are provided. Two are located on any diameter of the cover, one for a stirrer,
and the other for attachment of a disk specimen to the underside of the cover for optional vapor phase testing. The third hole is
for a thermometer, located on a diameter perpendicular to that of the other two holes. The outside of the polytetrafluoroethylene
(PTFE) specimen holder (Fig. 3) is a square, but from the ends of one diagonal, two equal pieces of PTFE are cut off over the height
of the holder. Two vertical threaded holes are made on the other diagonal of the square. The inside of the holder consists of two
BSI, British Standards, 389 Chiswick High Road, London W4 4AL, United Kingdom.
D3603 − 20
NOTE 1—All dimensions are in millimetres (inches).
NOTE 2—Unless otherwise specified, tolerances will be 60.5 [60.02].
NOTE 3—No direct equivalent available for 10-32 SS nut in metric system.
FIG. 1 Rusting Test Apparatus
NOTE 1—All dimensions are in millimetres (inches).
NOTE 2—Unless otherwise specified, tolerances will be 60.5 [60.02].
NOTE 3—No direct equivalent available for #9 drill in metric system.
FIG. 2 Beaker Cover
cylindrical holes, one on top of the other. Four horizontal holes are drilled 90° apart on the circumference where the two cylindrical
holes meet. The PTFE specimen holder is connected to the beaker cover by two stainless steel holding rods (Fig. 4). Both ends
of each holding rod are threaded. The surfaces between the threads are polished with No. P180 (180) grit emery. The 12.7 mm
threaded ends of the holding rods are screwed into the two vertical threaded holes of the specimen holder. The 19.0 mm threaded
ends of the holding rods are connected to the beaker cover by putting them through two holes on a line perpendicular to the
connection line of the centers of the earlier mentioned first and second hole of the beaker cover. Each holding rod is fastened by
two 10-32 stainless steel nuts.
NOTE 5—An alternative design for the specimen holder assembly has also been used successfully. See Test Method D3603–82.
6.4 Stirrer—A stirrer constructed entirely from stainless steel in the form of an inverted T (Fig. 5). A flat blade 25.4 mm by 6.1 mm
by 0.6 mm (1 in. by 0.24 in. by 0.024 in.) shall be attached to a 6.1 mm (0.24 in.) rod in such a way that the blade is symmetrical
with the rod and has its flat surface in the vertical plane.
NOTE 6—A suitable material is an 18 % chromium, 8 % nickel alloy steel conforming to Type 304 of ASTM Specification A240/A240M or SAE No.
30304, or BS 970: Part I:1983:302531.
D3603 − 20
NOTE 1—All dimensions are in millimetres (inches).
NOTE 2—Unless otherwise specified, tolerances will be 60.13 [60.005] and 61°.
NOTE 3—No direct equivalent available for #21 drill & #10-32 tap in metric system.
FIG. 3 Specimen Holder
NOTE 1—All dimensions are in millimetres (inches).
NOTE 2—Unless otherwise specified tolerances will be 60.5 [60.02].
NOTE 3—No direct equivalent available for #10-32 thread in metric system.
FIG. 4 Holding Rod
NOTE 7—If stainless steel is not obtainable, stirrers made of heat-resistant glass (Note 4) and having approximately the same dimensions as the stainless
steel stirrers may be used.
6.5 Stirring Apparatus—Any convenient form of stirring apparatus capable of maintaining a speed of 1000 r/min 6 50 r ⁄min.
6.6 Grinding and Polishing Equipment—A CAMI 150 grit (99 μm) and a CAMI 240 grit (53.5 μm) in accordance with BS 871
or its equivalent, metalworking aluminum oxide abrasive cloth coat on a jeans backing (the corresponding European grades (FEPA)
are P150J and P280J, respectively), a suitable chuck (Fig. 6) for holding the specimen, and a means of rotating the specimen at
a speed of 1700 r ⁄min to 1800 r/min.
NOTE 8—CAMI (Coated Abrasives Manufacturers Institute) is a United States organization and FEPA (Federations of European Producers of Abrasives)
is a European organization.
7. Reagents and Materials
7.1 Cleaning Agents—One of the following shall be used:
7.1.1 ASTM Precipitation Naphtha, conforming to Test Method D91. (Warning—Flammable. Health hazard.)
7.1.2 Isooctane octane, , conforming to Annex II on Reference Materials and Blending Accessories (see Annex II, Reference
Materials and Blending Accessories, Motor Section ). Previously used, unrusted specimens shall be stored in this reagent.
(Warning—Flammable. Health hazard.)
Last printed in the 1996 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.04.
D3603 − 20
NOTE 1—All dimensions are in millimetres (inches).
NOTE 2— all over.
NOTE 3—All dimensions 6 0.5 mm (0.02 in.).
NOTE 4—Break all sharp corners.
FIG. 5 Stirrer
NOTE 1—Tap dimensions are in inches. All others are in millimetres (inches).
NOTE 2— all over.
NOTE 3—All dimensions 6 0.5 mm (0.02 in.).
NOTE 4—Break all sharp corners.
FIG. 6 Chuck for Polishing Test Specimens
7.1.3 IP Petroleum Spirit, conforming to IP 60/80. (Warning—Flammable. Health hazard.)
8. Test Specimens and Their Preparation
8.1 The horizo
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