ASTM D5967-21

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D5967 − 21
Standard Test Method for
Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in T-8 Diesel Engine
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5967; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
Significance and Use 5
Apparatus 6
1.1 This test method covers an engine test procedure for
General Description 6.1
evaluating diesel engine oils for performance characteristics, The Test Engine 6.2
Mack Test Engine 6.2.1
includingviscosityincreaseandsootconcentrations(loading).
Engine Cooling System 6.2.2
This test method is commonly referred to as the Mack T-8.
Engine Oil System 6.2.3
Auxiliary Oil System 6.2.4
1.2 Thistestmethodalsoprovidestheprocedureforrunning
Crankcase Aspiration 6.2.5
an extended length T-8 test, which is commonly referred to as
Blowby Meter 6.2.6
Air Supply and Filtration 6.2.7
the T-8E and an abbreviated length test, which is commonly
Fuel Supply 6.2.8
referred to as T-8A. The procedures for the T-8E and the T-8A
Intake Manifold Temperature Control 6.2.9
are identical to the T-8 with the exception of the items
Engine Fluids 7
Test Oil 7.1
specifically listed in Annex A8 and Annex A9 respectively.
Test Fuel 7.2
Additionally, the procedure modifications listed in Annex A8
Engine Coolant 7.3
and Annex A9 refer to the corresponding section of the T-8
Cleaning Materials 7.4
Preparation of Apparatus at Rebuild 8
procedure.
Cleaning of Parts 8.1
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as Valves, Seats, Guides, and Springs 8.2
Cylinder Liner, Piston, and Piston Ring Assembly 8.3
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
Injectors and Injection Pump 8.4
standard.
Assembly Instructions 8.5
1.3.1 Exceptions—Where there is no direct SI equivalent Measurements 8.6
Laboratory and Engine Test Stand Calibration/Non-Reference 9
such as the units for screw threads, National Pipe Threads/
Requirements
diameters,tubingsize,solesourceequipmentsuppliers,andoil
Calibration Frequency 9.1
Calibration Reference Oils 9.2
consumption in grams per kilowatt-hour.
Test Numbering 9.3
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
New Laboratories and New Test Stands 9.4
Calibrated Laboratories and Test Stands 9.5
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Calibration Test Acceptance 9.6
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Failing Calibration Tests 9.7
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
Non-Reference Oil Test Requirements 9.8
Procedure 10
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Pretest Procedure 10.1
See Annex A6 for specific safety precautions.
Engine Start-Up 10.2
1.5 A Table of Contents follows:
Engine Shutdown 10.3
Test Cycle 10.4
Scope 1
Oil Addition/Drain 10.5
Referenced Documents 2
Oil Samples 10.6
Terminology 3
Oil Consumption Calculations 10.7
Summary of Test Method 4
Fuel Samples 10.8
Periodic Measurements 10.9
Blowby 10.10
Centrifugal Oil Filter Mass Gain 10.11
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Oil Filter ∆ P Calculation 10.12
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Post Test 10.13
Subcommittee D02.B0.02 on Heavy Duty Engine Oils.
Inspection of Fuel and Oil During Test 11
Current edition approved July 1, 2021. Published July 2021. Originally approved Oil Inspection 11.1
in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2019 as D5967 – 19. DOI: 10.1520/ Fuel Inspections 11.2
Oil Consumption 11.3
D5967-21.
Report 12
The ASTM Test Monitoring Center will update changes in this test method by
Reporting Test Results 12.1
means of Information Letters. This edition incorporates revisions contained in all
Deviations from Test Operational Limits 12.2
information letters through 21-1. Information letters may be obtained from the
Electronic Transmission of Test Results 12.3
ASTM Test Monitoring Center, 6555 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489,
Plots of Operational Data 12.4
Attention: Administrator.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D5967 − 21
Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
Precision and Bias 13
Precision 13.1
D2709 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Middle
Bias 13.2
Distillate Fuels by Centrifuge
Keywords 14
D4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API
Annexes
Report Forms Annex A1
Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
Sensor Locations Annex A2
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid
Kinematic Viscosity At 100 °C For Test Method D5967 Samples Annex A3
Fuels, and Lubricants
Enhanced Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) Procedure Annex A4
Procurement of Test Materials Annex A5
D4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and Petroleum
Safety Precautions Annex A6
Products by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spec-
Data Dictionary Annex A7
T-8E Extended Length Test Requirements Annex A8 trometry
T-8AAbbreviated Length Test Requirements Annex A9
D4485 Specification for Performance of Active API Service
Mack T-8A, T-8, and T-8E Fuel Requirements Annex A10
Category Engine Oils
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
D4737 Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index by Four
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
Variable Equation
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
D5185 Test Method for Multielement Determination of
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
Used and Unused Lubricating Oils and Base Oils by
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrom-
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
etry (ICP-AES)
D5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur in
2. Referenced Documents
Light Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, Diesel
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Engine Fuel, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet Fluorescence
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and
D6278 Test Method for Shear Stability of Polymer Contain-
Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure
ing Fluids Using a European Diesel Injector Apparatus
D93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens
D7422 Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in
Closed Cup Tester
T-12 Exhaust Gas Recirculation Diesel Engine
D97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petro-
Determine Conformance with Specifications
leum Products by Copper Strip Test
2.2 SAE Standard:
D235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits)
SAE J1995 Engine Power Test Code—Spark Ignition and
(Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent) (Withdrawn 2021)
Compression Ignition—Gross Power Rating
D287 Test Method for API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and
3. Terminology
Petroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
3.1 Definitions:
and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-
3.1.1 blind reference oil, n—a reference oil, the identity of
ity)
which is unknown by the test facility. D4175
D446 Specifications and Operating Instructions for Glass
3.1.2 blowby, n—in internal combustion engines, that por-
Capillary Kinematic Viscometers
tion of the combustion products and unburned air/fuel mixture
D482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum Products
that leaks past piston rings into the engine crankcase during
D524 Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue of
operation.
Petroleum Products
3.1.3 calibrate, v—todeterminetheindicationoroutputofa
D613 Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel Oil
device (e.g., thermometer, manometer, engine) with respect to
D664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products
that of a standard.
by Potentiometric Titration
3.1.4 heavy-duty, adj—in internal combustion engine
D976 Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index of Distillate
Fuels operation, characterized by average speeds, power output, and
internal temperatures that are close to the potential maximums.
D1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid Petro-
leum Products by Fluorescent Indicator Adsorption D4485
D2274 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Distillate Fuel
3.1.5 heavy-duty engine, n—in internal combustion engine
Oil (Accelerated Method)
types,onethatisdesignedtoallowoperationcontinuouslyator
D2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products
close to its peak output.
and Liquid Fuels
3.1.6 non-reference oil, n—any oil other than a reference
D2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by
oil; such as a research formulation, commercial oil, or candi-
date oil. D4175
3 3.1.7 non-standard test, n—a test that is not conducted in
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
conformance with the requirements in the standard test
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
4 5
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on Available from Society of Automotive Engineers, 400 Commonwealth Drive,
www.astm.org. Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.
D5967 − 21
method, such as running on an uncalibrated test stand, using 5.2 The test method is used for engine oil specification
different test equipment, applying different equipment assem- acceptance when all details of the procedure are followed.
bly procedures, or using modified operating conditions. D4175
6. Apparatus
3.1.8 oxidation, n—of engine oil, the reaction of the oil with
6.1 General Description:
an electron acceptor, generally oxygen, that can produce
6.1.1 The test engine is a Mack E7-350 mechanically
deleterious acidic or resinous materials often manifested as
governed engine, P/N 11GBA77623 (see Annex A5). It is an
sludge formation, varnish formation, viscosity increase, or
open-chamber, in-line, six-cylinder, four-stroke, turbocharged,
corrosion, or a combination thereof.
charge air-cooled, compression ignition engine. The bore and
3.1.9 reference oil, n—an oil of known performance
stroke are 124 mm by 165 mm, and the displacement is 12 L.
characteristics, used as a basis for comparison. D4175
The engine is rated at 261 kW at 1800 r/min governed speed
3.1.9.1 Discussion—Reference oils are used to calibrate
(see SAE J1995).
testing facilities, to compare the performance of other oils, or
6.1.2 The ambient laboratory atmosphere should be rela-
to evaluate other materials (such as seals) that interact with
tively free of dirt, dust, and other contaminants as required by
oils.
good laboratory standards. Additionally, it is recommended
3.1.10 sludge, n—in internal combustion engines, a deposit,
that the atmosphere in the engine buildup area be filtered and
principally composed of insoluble resins and oxidation prod-
controlled for temperature and humidity to prevent accumula-
uctsfromfuelcombustionandthelubricant,thatdoesnotdrain
tion of dirt or dust on engine parts. Uniform temperature
from engine parts but can be removed by wiping with a cloth.
control will also aid in measuring and selecting parts for
D4175
assembly.
3.1.11 standard test, n—a test on a calibrated test stand,
6.1.3 Use the low sulfur reference diesel fuel shown in the
using the prescribed equipment that is assembled according to “PC-9-HS Fuel Specification” section of the TMC-Monitored
the requirements in the test method, and conducted according
Test Fuel Specifications” document maintained by the TMC.
to the specified operating conditions.
6.2 The Test Engine:
3.1.12 varnish, n—in internal combustion engines, a hard,
6.2.1 Mack Test Engine—The engine is available from
dry, generally lustrous deposit that can be removed by solvents
MackTrucks,Inc.AcompletepartslistisshowninTableA5.1.
but not by wiping with a cloth. D4175
6.2.2 Engine Cooling System:
6.2.2.1 A new Mack coolant conditioner shown in Table
3.1.13 wear, n—the loss of material from a surface, gener-
A5.1 is required every test to limit scaling in the cooling
ally occurring between two surfaces in relative motion, and
system.Pressurizethesystemattheexpansiontankto103 kPa.
resultingfrommechanicalorchemicalaction,oracombination
6.2.2.2 Use a closed-loop, pressurized external engine cool-
of both. D7422
ing system composed of a nonferrous core heat exchanger,
4. Summary of Test Method
reservoir, and water-out temperature control valve. The system
should prevent air entrainment and control jacket temperatures
4.1 The test operation involves use of a Mack E7-350 diesel
within the specified limit. Install a sight glass between the
engine with a warm-up,a2h flush for each test, and then a
engine and the cooling tower to check for air entrainment and
constant speed and torque conditions that are held for the
uniformflowinanefforttopreventlocalizedboiling.Blockthe
remainder of the test. Reference oil test length is 300 h.
thermostat wide open.
Non-reference oil test length is 250 h.
6.2.3 Engine Oil System—A schematic of the engine oil
4.2 Oil samples are taken periodically and analyzed for
system is shown in Fig. A2.9.
viscosity increase.
6.2.4 Auxiliary Oil System—To maintain a constant oil level
4.3 Engine rebuild frequency is based on the degradation of
in the pan, a separate closed tank is connected to the sump that
test parameters and is left to the discretion of the test
provides an additional 9.5 L sump. Circulate oil through the
laboratory. At rebuild, the power section of the engine is
tank with an auxiliary pump at a rate of 5.7 L⁄min 6
disassembled, solvent-cleaned, measured, and rebuilt, using all
1.9 L⁄min.Atypical auxiliary oil system is shown inFig.A2.9.
new pistons, rings, cylinder liners, and valve guides, in strict
The No. 6 and No. 8 Aeroquip lines should have inside
accordance with furnished specifications.
diameters of 10 mm and 13 mm, respectively. The vent line
size is specified as a minimum No. 8 line size. Equivalent lines
4.4 The engine crankcase is solvent-cleaned, and worn or
may be substituted for Aeroquip lines provided they have the
defective parts are replaced.
proper inside diameters.
4.5 The test stand is equipped with appropriate accessories
6.2.5 Crankcase Aspiration—Asimple squirrel cage blower
for controlling speed, load, and various engine operating
will suffice to control crankcase pressure within the test limits.
conditions.
6.2.6 Blowby Meter—Use a displacement type gas meter, or
equivalent, to measure blowby.
5. Significance and Use
6.2.7 Air Supply and Filtration—Useanintakeairfilterwith
5.1 This test method was developed to evaluate the visco-
an initial efficiency of 99.2 %. Replace filter cartridge when
metric performance of engine oils in turbocharged and inter-
cooled four-cycle diesel engines. Results are obtained from
used oil analysis. Aeroquip lines are available at local industrial hose suppliers.
D5967 − 21
2.5 kPa ∆P is reached. Install an adjustable valve (flapper) in 8.3.2 Piston and Rings—Cylinder liners, pistons, and rings
the inlet air system at least two pipe diameters before any are provided as a set and should be used as a set. Examine
temperature,pressure,andhumiditymeasurementdevices.Use piston rings for any handling damage. Measure piston ring end
the valve to maintain inlet air restriction within required gaps for conformance with Mack specifications and record.
specifications.
8.4 Injectors and Injection Pump:
6.2.8 Fuel Supply—Heating or cooling, or both, of the fuel
8.4.1 Injectors—Servicing of injectors is recommended ev-
supply may be required and a recommended system is shown
ery 1000 h. Resetting of injector opening pressure is allowed if
in Fig. A2.11.
pressure is below specification.
6.2.9 Intake Manifold Temperature Control—Control intake
8.4.2 Injection Pump—Theremovaloftheinjectionpumpis
manifold temperature with the use of a slave intercooler.
not recommended unless a problem is noted during a test.
Removing the injection pump invalidates the test stand cali-
7. Engine Fluids
bration. Replacing injection pumps at each calibration is
7.1 Test Oil—Approximately 151 L of test oil are required
recommended. New or rebuilt injection pumps may be used
for the test.
and should be obtained from the supplier shown in
A5.3. High
7.2 Test Fuel—Use PC-9-HS test fuel from an approved pressure flow calibration equipment, such as a Bacharach No.
72-7010 standard injector tester, is available from Mack
supplier. The fuel shall have the properties and tolerances
8,9
shown in the “PC-9-HS Fuel Specification” section of the approved dealers. Kent-Moore tool numbers J29539 top
dead center indicator and J37077 position sensor are recom-
“TMC-Monitored Test Fuel Specifications” document main-
tained by the TMC. See Annex A10 for more information. mended for setting the injection timing.
8.5 Assembly Instructions:
7.3 Engine Coolant—Use demineralized water with less
than 0.03 g/L of salts or distilled water (do not use antifreeze 8.5.1 General—The test parts specified for this test method
solutions or other coolant additives). are intended to be used without material or dimensional
modification. Exceptions, for example, is approval of a tem-
7.4 Solvent—Use only mineral spirits meeting the require-
porary parts supply problem by the Test Monitoring Center
ments of Specification D235, Type II, Class C for Aromatic
(TMC), and noting of this approval in the test report. All
Content 0 % vol to 2 % vol, Flash Point (61 °C, min), and
replacement test engine parts shall be genuine Mack Trucks,
Color (not darker than +25 on Saybolt Scale or 25 on Pt-Co
Inc. parts.Assemble all parts as illustrated in the Mack Service
Scale). (Warning—Combustible. Health hazard.) Obtain a
Manual (see A5.2), except where otherwise noted. Target all
Certificate of Analysis for each batch of solvent from the
dimensionsforthemeansofthespecifications.Usethebuildup
supplier.
oil (see Annex A5) for lubricating parts during assembly.
8. Preparation of Apparatus at Rebuild 8.5.1.1 Thermostat—Block the thermostat wide open using
an all thread rod.
8.1 Cleaning of Parts:
8.5.1.2 Rod Bearings—Check the condition of the connect-
8.1.1 Engine Block—Thoroughly spray the engine with
ing rod bearings. Replacement of the connecting rod bearings
solvent (see 7.4) to remove any oil remaining from the
is at the laboratory’s discretion.
previous test, and air dry.
8.5.1.3 Main Bearings—Check the condition of the main
8.1.2 Rocker Covers and Oil Pan—Remove all sludge,
bearings. Replacement of the main bearings is at the laborato-
varnish, and oil deposits. Rinse with solvent, and air dry.
ry’s discretion.
8.1.3 Auxiliary Oil System—Flushalloillines,galleries,and
8.5.1.4 Piston Undercrown Cooling Nozzles—Take particu-
external oil reservoirs with solvent to remove any previous test
larcareinassemblingthepistonundercrowncoolingnozzlesto
oil, and air dry.
ensure proper piston cooling (as outlined in the Mack Service
8.1.4 Oil Cooler and Oil Filter—If heavy deposits are
Manual).
present or suspected, flush the oil cooler and filter lines with
solvent to remove any previous test oil, and air dry. NOTE 1—Proper oil pressure is also important to ensure sufficient oil
volume for proper cooling.
8.1.5 Cylinder Head—Clean the cylinder heads using a wire
brush to remove deposits and rinse with solvent to remove any
8.5.2 New Parts—Install the following new parts for each
sludge and oil, and air dry.
rebuild (see Table A5.1, Annex A5, for part numbers):
8.5.2.1 Cylinder liners,
8.2 Valves, Seats, Guides, and Springs—Visually inspect
8.5.2.2 Pistons,
valves, seats, and springs for defects and replace, if defective.
8.5.2.3 Piston rings,
8.2.1 Replace and ream guides to 0.9525 cm 6 0.0013 cm.
8.5.2.4 Overhaul gasket set,
8.3 Cylinder Liner, Piston, and Piston Ring Assembly:
8.5.2.5 Oil filters (also after each test),
8.3.1 Cylinder Liner Fitting—To ensure proper heat
8.5.2.6 Engine coolant conditioner (also every test),
transfer, fit cylinder liners to the block in accordance with the
procedure outlined in the Mack Service Manual (see Annex
The sole source of supply of the tools known to the committee at this time is
A5).
Kent-Moore Corp., 29784 Little Mack, Roseville, MI 48066.
If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to
Available at https://www.astmtmc.org/ftp/docs/fuel/tmc- ASTMHeadquarters.Yourcommentswillreceivecarefulconsiderationatameeting
monitored%20test%20fuel%20specifications.pdf. of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend.
D5967 − 21
a main gallery and a piston cooling gallery.
8.5.2.7 Primary fuel filter (also every test),
8.5.2.8 Secondary fuel filter (also every test),
8.6.3.3 Pre-Turbine Exhaust Pressure—Locate pickup in
8.5.2.9 Valve guides, and
each side of exhaust manifold tee section (same tap as
8.5.2.10 Valve stem seals.
pre-turbine pressure), Fig. A2.3.
8.6.3.4 Intake Air Boost—Take measurement at tapped fit-
8.6 Measurements:
ting provided on intake manifold, as illustrated in Fig. A2.6.
8.6.1 Calibrations—Calibrate thermocouples, pressure
8.6.3.5 Intake Air Total Pressure—Measure with a Keil
gages, speed, and fuel flow measuring equipment prior to each
9,10
Probe (p/n No. KDF-8-W recommended) located at the
reference test or at any time readout data indicates a need.
turbo inlet (see Fig. A2.3).
Conduct calibrations with at least two points that bracket the
8.6.3.6 Exhaust Back Pressure—Locate pickup in exhaust
normal operating range. Make these calibrations part of the
pipe after turbocharger in center of exhaust stream. Measure
laboratoryrecord.Duringcalibration,connectleads,hoses,and
exhaust back pressure in a straight section of pipe, 30.5 cm to
read-out systems in the normally used manner and calibrate
40.6 cmdownstreamoftheturbowitha ⁄16NPTtreadpressure
with necessary standards. Immerse thermocouples in calibra-
tap hole, as shown in Fig. A2.3.
tionbaths.Calibratestandardswithinstrumentstraceabletothe
8.6.3.7 Crankcase Pressure—Locate pickup at dipstick tube
National Institute of Standards and Technology on a yearly
fitting or other suitable opening direct to the crankcase.
basis.
8.6.3.8 Barometric Pressure—Locate barometer approxi-
8.6.2 Temperatures:
mately 1.2 m above ground level in convenient location in the
8.6.2.1 General—Measure temperatures with thermo-
lab.
couples and conventional readout equipment or equivalent. For
8.6.4 Engine Blowby—Connect the metering instrument to
0 °C to 150 °C range, calibrate temperature measuring systems
the blowby line coming from the valve cover crossover tube
to 6 0.5 °C at 100 °C 6 1 °C and to 6 0.5 °C at 0 °C 6 1 °C.
(P/N 191GC418A).
Insert all thermocouples so that the tips are located midstream
8.6.5 Fuel Consumption Measurements—Place the measur-
of the flow unless otherwise indicated.
ing equipment in the fuel line before the primary fuel filter.
8.6.2.2 Ambient Air—Locate thermocouple in a convenient,
Install the primary fuel filter before the fuel transfer pump and
well-ventilated position between 2 m and 3 m from the engine
install the secondary filter before the injection pump.Accurate
and hot accessories.
fuel consumption measurements require proper accounting of
8.6.2.3 Coolant—Locate thermocouple in water manifold
return fuel. (Warning—Fuel return lines should never be
prior to thermostat housing. Locate in center of water stream
plugged.)
(refer to Fig. A2.5).
8.6.6 Humidity—Place the measurement equipment be-
8.6.2.4 Oil—Locate thermocouple on the right side of the
tween the inlet air filter and compressor in such a manner so as
engineonthetopoftheaccessorydrive,asshowninFig.A2.5.
not to affect temperature and pressure measurements. Measure
8.6.2.5 Intake Air—Locate sensors for dry bulb temperature
humidity at 8 h intervals and report (see Annex A1).
measurement and humidity in center of air stream at the
turbocharger inlet as shown in Fig.A2.3. It is not necessary to
9. Laboratory and Engine Test Stand Calibration/Non-
control intake air humidity, but measurements are recom-
Reference Requirements
mended.
9.1 Calibration Frequency:
8.6.2.6 Fuel In—Locate thermocouple in center of fuel line
9.1.1 To maintain test consistency and severity levels,
between secondary filter and injection pump, as shown in Fig.
engineteststandcalibrationisrequiredatregularintervals.The
A2.4.
frequency of calibration is dependent on the laboratories’
8.6.2.7 Pre-Turbine Temperatures—Locate one thermo-
previous calibration experience or at the discretion of the
couple in each side of exhaust manifold tee section (see Fig.
TMC.
A2.3). The exhaust manifold (pre-turbine) thermocouples and
9.1.2 Engine test stand calibration is required when the
pressure taps are located on the same tee.
injection pump is removed from the engine, when the front or
8.6.2.8 Exhaust (Tailpipe) Temperature—Locate thermo-
rear gear train timing is changed, or when cylinder heads are
couple in exhaust pipe downstream of turbine in accordance
replaced. Cylinder heads and power cylinder components
with Fig. A2.7.
(pistons,rings,andliners)canberebuiltwithoutre-calibrating.
8.6.2.9 Intake Manifold—Locate thermocouple at tapped
Any rebuild requires a new break-in sequence to be run on the
fitting on intake air manifold, as shown in Fig. A2.6.
engine prior to testing. Rear gear train timing changes to meet
8.6.2.10 Additional—Monitor any additional temperatures
soot targets are only allowed for reference oil tests. Timing
the test lab regards as helpful in providing a consistent test
changes are limited to a maximum of two changes in the first
procedure.
100 h of the test. No single timing change can be greater than
8.6.3 Pressures:
1° and the cumulative change shall be 61° from the initial
8.6.3.1 Before Filter Oil Pressure—Locate pickup at tapped
timing.
hole on oil cooler fitting (see Fig. A2.2).
8.6.3.2 After Filter/Main Gallery Oil Pressure—Locate
9.2 Calibration Reference Oils:
pickup at tapped hole on top of oil filter pad above centrifugal
oil filter (see Fig. A2.2).
The sole source of supply of Keil Probes known to the committee at this time
NOTE 2—The E7 engine has only one oil gallery, which serves as both is United Sensor Corp., 3 Northern Blvd., Amherst, NH 03031.
D5967 − 21
9.2.1 The reference oils used to calibrate test stands have 9.6 Calibration Test Acceptance:
been formulated or selected to represent specific chemical 9.6.1 Use the TMC’s Lubricant Test Monitoring System
types or performance levels, or both. They can be obtained (LTMS) for calibration test targets and acceptance criteria.
from the TMC. The TMC assigns reference oils for calibration 9.6.2 The specified test parameter for determination of test
tests. These oils are supplied under code numbers (blind acceptance isViscosity Increase in mm /s, at 100 °C and 3.8 %
reference oils). Thermal GravimetricAnalysis (TGA) soot, as shown in Annex
A3 and Annex A4.
9.2.2 Reference Oils Analysis—Reference oils are not to be
9.6.2.1 Calculate Viscosity Increase at 3.8 % TGA, using
submitted to either physical or chemical analysis, for identifi-
linear interpolation from the minimum viscosity that occurs
cation purposes. Identifying the oils by analysis could under-
during the test. Do not use the 25 h, 75 h, and 125 h oil sample
mine the confidentiality required to operate an effective blind
results to calculate Viscosity Increase at 3.8 % TGA soot.
reference oil system. Therefore, reference oils are supplied
9.6.2.2 Correction Factor for Viscosity Increase at 3.8 %
with the explicit understanding that they will not be subjected
TGA Soot—For all tests completing on or after September 17,
to analysis other than those specified within this procedure
2011, add +0.40 to the value calculated in 9.6.2.1.
unless specifically authorized by the TMC. In such cases in
9.6.3 Soot Requirements:
which analysis is authorized, written confirmation of the
9.6.3.1 All operationally valid calibration tests on TMC oil
circumstances involved, the data obtained, and the name of the
1004-1 shall produce aTGAsoot level between 4.0 % to 4.6 %
person authorizing the analysis shall be supplied to the TMC.
at 250 h.
9.3 Test Numbering—Number each test to identify the test
9.6.3.2 All operationally valid calibration tests on TMC oil
stand number, the test stand run number, engine serial number,
1004-2 shall produce aTGAsoot level between 4.0 % to 4.8 %
and engine block hours at the start of the test. The sequential
at 250 h.
stand run number remains unchanged for reruns of aborted,
9.6.3.3 All operationally valid calibration tests on TMC oil
invalid,orunacceptablecalibrationtests.However,thesequen-
1004-3 completed on or before Dec. 31, 2006 shall produce a
tial stand run number shall be followed by the letter A for the
TGA soot level between 4.0 % to 4.8 % at 250 h.
first rerun, B for the second, and so forth. For calibration tests,
9.6.3.4 All operationally valid calibration tests on TMC oil
engine block hours are the test hours since last engine rebuild.
1004-3 completed on or after Jan. 1, 2007 and all operationally
For non-reference tests, engine block hours are the test hours
validcalibrationtestsonTMCoil1005–2shallproduceaTGA
accumulated since last reference. For example, 58-12A-
soot level between 4.0 % to 5.0 % at 250 h.
2H0380-500 defines a test on stand 58 and stand run 12 as a
9.6.3.5 A laboratory may terminate a calibration test that is
calibration test that was run twice on engine 2H0380 (serial
projected to miss the 250 h test soot window. Calibration tests
number), which has run 500 h since the last engine rebuild.
with soot levels outside the 250 h soot window are considered
9.4 New Laboratories and New Test Stands: operationally invalid.
9.4.1 Anewstandisdefinedasanengine,dynamometer/cell
9.7 Failing Calibration Tests:
and support hardware that has never been previously calibrated
9.7.1 Failure of a reference oil test to meet test acceptance
under this test procedure. On both new and existing stands the
bands can be indicative of a false alarm, testing stand, testing
test engine is part of the stand calibration. A new engine in a
laboratory, or industry-related problem. When this occurs, the
existing test stand only requires one successful calibration test.
laboratory, in conjunction with the TMC, shall attempt to
9.4.2 Calibrate a new test stand in accordance with the
determine the problem source.
Lubricant Test Monitoring System (LTMS). Generally, new
9.7.2 The TMC decides, with input as needed from industry
test stands require two successful calibration tests. However,
expertise (testing laboratories, test developer,ASTMTechnical
provisions do exist within the LTMS to allow new stands to
Guidance Committee, Surveillance Panel, and so forth), if the
calibrate with one test, based upon previous test experience
reason for any unacceptable blind reference oil test is isolated
within the laboratory.
to one particular stand or related to other stands. If it is decided
9.4.3 Alaboratory not running a test for 12 months from the
that the problem is isolated to an individual stand, calibrated
start of the last test is considered a new laboratory. Under testing on other stands can continue throughout the laboratory.
special circumstances (that is, extended downtime due to
Alternatively, if it is decided that more than one stand may be
industry-wide parts shortage or fuel outages) the TMC may involved, the involved stands will not be considered calibrated
extend the lapsed time requirement. Non-reference tests con-
until the problem is identified, corrected, and an acceptable
ducted during an extended time allowance shall be annotated
reference oil test completed in one of the involved stands.
(see Annex A1), Downtime and Comments Summary.
9.7.3 If nonstandard tests are conducted on the referenced
test stand, the stand may be required to be recalibrated prior to
9.5 Calibrated Laboratories and Test Stands:
running standard tests at the discretion of the TMC.
9.5.1 A calibration test on a reference oil assigned by the
9.8 Non-Reference Oil Test Requirements—Non-reference
TMC is required after 3000 h of non-reference test time, ten
oil tests shall produce a minimum 3.8 % TGA soot level at
operationally valid non-reference oil tests, or nine months,
whichever comes first, have elapsed since the starting date of
the last calibration test. A non-reference test may be started in
The lubricant test monitoring system may be obtained from the ASTM Test
a test stand provided at least 1 h remains in its calibration
Monitoring Center, 6555 PennAve., Pittsburgh, PA15206-4489.Attention:Admin-
period. istrator.
D5967 − 21
250 h. Tests shall run to 250 h regardless of meeting the 3.8 % periods as needed to provide a consistent flow of reference oil
soot level prior to 250 h. Tests that do not reach 3.8 % soot at test data.Adjustments to calibration periods are made such that
250 h are deemed not interpretable. laboratories incur no net loss (or gain) in calibration status.
9.10.4 Special Use of the Reference Oil Calibration
NOTE 3—Fixed non-reference oil pass criteria are published in Speci-
System—The surveillance panel has the option to use the
fication D4485.
reference oil system to evaluate changes that have potential
9.8.1 Non-Reference Oil Test Result Severity Adjustments—
impact on test severity and precision. This option is only taken
This test method incorporates the use of a severity adjustment
when a program of donated tests is not feasible. The surveil-
(SA) for non-reference oil test results. A control chart
lance panel and the TMC shall develop a detailed plan for the
technique, described in the LTMS, has been selected for the
test program. This plan requires all reference oil tests in the
purpose of identifying when a bias becomes significant for
program to be completed as close to the same time as possible,
viscosity increase at 3.8 % TGA soot. When calibration test
so that no laboratory/stand calibration is left in an excessively
results identify a significant bias, a SA value is determined in
long pending status. In order to maintain the integrity of the
accordance with the LTMS. Report the SA value (see Annex
reference oil monitoring system, each reference oil test is
A1), Test Result Summary, under the non-reference oil test
conducted so as to be interpretable for stand calibration. To
block in the space for SA. Add this SA value to non-reference
facilitate the required test scheduling, the surveillance panel
oil test results, and enter the adjusted viscosity increase at
may direct the TMC to lengthen and shorten reference oil
3.8 % TGA soot value in the appropriate space. The SA
calibration periods within laboratories such that the laborato-
remainsineffectuntilanewSAisdeterminedfromsubsequent
ries incur no net loss (or gain) in calibration status.
calibration tests, or the test results indicate the bias is no longer
significant.
10. Procedure
10.1 Pretest Procedure:
9.9 Donated Reference Oil Test Programs—The surveil-
10.1.1 Initial Oil Fill for Flush—The initial oil fill is 45.4 L
lance panel is charged with maintaining effective reference oil
of test oil: 26.5 Lfor the pan, 3.8 Lfor the filters, 1.9 Lfor the
test severity and precision monitoring. During times of new
engine oil cooler, and 13.2 Lfor the auxiliary oil reservoir and
parts introductions, new or re-blended reference oil additions,
lines.Add the first 3.8 Lof fresh test oil to the oil filters (1.9 L
and procedural revisions, it may be necessary to evaluate the
per filter), then turn on the auxiliary oil pumps and add an
possible effects on severity and precision levels. The surveil-
additional 41.6 Lof test oil to the engine.This oil can be added
lance panel may choose to conduct a program of donated
directly through the engine oil fill tube.
reference oil tests in those laboratories participating in the
10.1.2 Pretest Oil Flush and Break-In:
monitoring system, in order to quantify the effect of a particu-
10.1.2.1 Start the engine, as described in 11.2. For a new or
larchangeonseverityandprecision.Typically,thesurveillance
rebuilt engine, run the break-in sequence described in Table 1.
panelrequestsitspanelmemberstovolunteerenoughreference
For non-reference oil tests only a pretest oil flush procedure is
oil test results to create a robust data set. Broad laboratory
participation is needed to provide a representative sampling of required. A post test flush should be done prior to a pretest, as
described in 10.13.1 and 10.13.2.
theindustry.Toensurethequalityofthedataobtained,donated
tests are conducted on calibrated test stands. The surveillance 10.1.2.2 Shutdown the engine (as shown in 11.3) and drain
the test oil from the oil pan, external oil reservoir, and change
panel shall arrange an appropriate number of donated tests and
ensure completion of the test program in a timely manner. the oil filters.
10.1.2.3 Install new oil filters and add 3.8 Lof fresh test oil
9.10 Adjustments to Reference Oil Calibration Periods:
to the filters (1.9 Lper filter). Start the auxiliary oil pumps and
9.10.1 Procedural Deviations—On occasions when a labo-
add an additional 41.6 L of new oil to the engine. This oil can
ratory becomes aware of a significant deviation from the test
be added directly through the engine oil fill tube.
method, such as might arise during an in-house review or a
10.2 Engine Start-Up—Each time the engine is started,
TMC inspection, the laboratory and theTMC shall agree on an
work up to 20 % to 30 % of full load at 1000 r⁄min to
appropriate course of action to remedy the deviation. This
1400 r⁄min and hold until the oil sump temperature reaches
action may include the shortening of existing reference oil
approximately 66 °C to 77 °C. This takes about 10 min for a
calibration periods.
cold engine; then go to test conditions. Start-ups are not
9.10.2 Parts and Fuel Shortages—Under special
included as test time. Test time starts as soon as the engine
circumstances, such as industry-wide parts or fuel shortages,
the surveillance panel may direct the TMC to extend the time
TABLE 1 Break-in and Flush Operating Conditions
intervalsbetweenreferenceoiltests.Theseextensionsshallnot
Pretest
exceed one regular calibration period.
Conditions New or Rebuild Break-in
Flush
9.10.3 Reference Oil Test Data Flow—To ensure continuous
Time, min 30 30 120
severity and precision monitoring, calibration tests are con-
Speed, r/min 1250 1800 1800
A
ducted periodically throughout the year. There may be occa-
Torque, N·m 1731 (1277) 1384 (1021) 1384 (1021)
B
±1%
sions when laboratories conduct a large portion of calibration
A
At 98.2 kPa and 29.5 °C dry air.
tests in a short period of time. This could result in an
B
When engine performance falls outside these limits, corrective action should be
unacceptably large time frame when very few calibration tests
taken.
are conducted. The TMC can shorten or extend calibration
D5967 − 21
returns to the test cycle. The start date and time of a test, is the engine. After a shutdown, use the drain level of the
defined as when the test reaches test conditions (after a flush). previous period to determine the forced drain quantity.
(Warning—The engine should be cranked prior to start-up to
NOTE 4—The kWh symbol is not an SI unit symbol. The equivalent SI
fill the engine oil passages. This practice will enhance engine
unit symbol is J (joule); 1 kWh = 3.6 MJ.
durability significantly.)
10.6 Oil Samples:
10.3 Engine Shutdown—The engine may be shut down for
10.6.1 For reference oil tests, take oil samples of 118 mLat
periods of time. Before each shutdown, operate the engine at
25 h intervals. For non-reference oil tests, the 25 h, 75 h, and
1000 r⁄min to 1400 r⁄min no-torque for 10 min, then close the
125 h samples are optional. Obtain oil samples through a drain
fuel rack. The shutdown operation does not count as test time.
petcock located in the oil rig return line (oil pan to return
Record the length and reason of each shutdown (see Annex
pump) (see Fig. A2.8).
A1).
10.6.2 Ifoilconsumptionduringa25hperiodislessthanor
equal to 1.02 kg, withdraw a 473 mL purge, then withdraw a
10.4 Test Cycle—Thetestcycleincludesapretestoilflushat
118 mL sample. Then drain enough oil to complete the forced
the conditions shown in Table 1. For new and rebuilt engines,
drain of 1.59 kg (including mass of the 473 mL purge).
a break-in procedure is also required. Conduct the test at
10.6.3 If the oil consumption is greater than 1.02 kg,
1800 r⁄min full-torque conditions as described in Table 2.
withdraw a 473 mL purge and then a 118 mL sample. Then
Reference oil test length is 300 h. Non-reference oil test length
return the purge oil to the external oil reservoir. Then drain an
is 250 h.
amount of oil equal to the difference of the oil consumption of
10.4.1 At EOT (end of test), the average results for all
that period from 1.59 kg. Then follow with the forced oil
controlled operational parameters shall be within the stated
addition of 1.59 kg of new oil.
specifications for the test to be declared operationally valid.
For calibration tests, investigate any uncontrolled operational
10.7 Oil Consumption Calculations:
parameters outside the stated specifications jointly by the
10.7.1 Record the oil mass hourly and compute the oil
laboratory and the TMC. Base a validity judgment on the joint
consumption from these readings.
agreement between the laboratory and the TMC.
10.7.2 Calculate the average oil consumption for the test as
the average of the 25 h periods from 26 h to end of test. Do not
10.5 Oil Addition/Drain—Establish the full mark as the oil
use the first 25 h period to calculate oil consumption since this
mass in the first 1 h period of the test.At the end of every 25 h
is a period of stabilization of the oil scale system. Do not
period, perform a forced drain that equates to an oil consump-
include oil drains and samples as oil consumption.
tion of 0.243 g/kWh. If a sample is required, follow the
10.7.3 Use the following formula to calculate the oil con-
guidelines set forth in 10.6. If a sample is not required, then
sumption for a 25 h period:
drain a sufficient amount of oil to obtain an oil mass that is
below the full mark by 1.59 kg.Then add 1.59 kg of new oil to
Oil Consumption g/kWh 5 FW 2 W / P 325 (1)
~ ! ~ !
~ !
n
where:
FW = full mass, g,
TABLE 2 Test Conditions
W = oil scale mass at n test hours before additions,
n
Parameter Limits samples, or drains, g, and
Time, h 250 (300 for reference oils)
P = brake power output of the engine, kW.
A
Controlled Parameters
Speed, r/min 1800 ± 5 The reported oil consumption is the average of the 25 h
Fuel flow, kg/h 63.3 ± 1 %
period oil consumption calculations.
Inlet manifold temperature, °C 43 ± 3
10.7.4 The full mass may need to be reestablished, depend-
Coolant out, °C 85 ± 3
Fuel in, °C 40 ± 1 ing on the rate of oil consumption of the engine for the 25 h
Intake air, °C 25 ± 3
period. If the oil consumption is greater than 0.225 g/kWh,
Crankcase pressure, kPa 0.50 ± 0.25
recalculate the full mass by subtracting the mass of the oil
Inlet air restriction, kPa 2.50 ± 0.25
Exhaust back pressure, kPa 3.1 ± 0.4
sample and adding the mass of the oil addition (1.59 kg) to the
Uncontrolled Parameters
previous 25 h period’s mass.
B C
Torque, N·m 1369/1398
Exhaust temperature, °C
10.8 Fuel Samples—Take fuel samples prior to the start of
Pre-turbine 602/632
test (two 0.95 L samples) and at EOT (two 0.95 L samples).
Tailpipe 455/474
C
Inlet manifold pressure, kPa 186/199
10.9 Periodic Measurements—Make measurements at the
Oil, °C 100/107
D end of each test hour or more frequently, if desired, on the
Main gallery oil pressure, kPa 372/441
Intercooler ∆ P, kPa Not to exceed 13.6
parameters listed in 10.9.1 and record (see AnnexA1). Record
E
Oil filter ∆P, kPa Not to exceed 138
data before adjustments are made to control parameters to
A
All control parameters are to be held at the mean indicated.
achieve operation at specification mean. Each measurement is
B
At 98.2 kPa and 29.5 °C dry air.
to b
...