ASTM D2557-98(2004)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: D2557 – 98 (Reapproved 2004)
Standard Test Method for
Tensile-Shear Strength of Adhesives in the Subzero
Temperature Range from −267.8 to −55°C (−450 to −67°F)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2557; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the com- 3.1 Definitions—Manytermsinthistestmethodaredefined
parative shear strength of adhesives for bonding metals when in Terminology D907.
testedonastandardspecimenandunderspecifiedconditionsof
4. Significance and Use
preparation and testing at extreme subzero temperatures.
1.2 This test method is applicable to the temperature range 4.1 This test method may be used as an accelerated screen-
ing test for assessing the strength properties of adhesives and
from -267.8 to -55°C (-450 to -67°F).
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the adhesive joints at subzero temperatures. This test method may
also be used to determine the effects of various surface
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
only. preparations, substrates, or adhesive systems on the durability
of the adhesive joints at subzero temperatures.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 4.2 Tensile shear strengths of various adhesives, surface
preparations,andsubstratesmaybecomparedbyusingthistest
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- method for uniform sets of conditions. To assess the overall
tensile shear strength of a given adhesive, surface preparation,
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-
tions are given in 8.3. and substrate should be tested under a range of stress and
temperatures. For a specific end use, the needed strength
2. Referenced Documents
properties using only one set of test conditions may be
2.1 ASTM Standards: obtained.
A167 Specification for Stainless and Heat-Resisting 4.3 The misuse of strength values obtained from this test
Chromium-Nickel Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip method as design-allowable stress values for structural joints
B209 Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy could lead to product failure, property damage, and human
Sheet and Plate injury.
B265 Specification for Titanium and Titanium Alloy Strip, 4.3.1 The apparent shear strength of an adhesive obtained
Sheet, and Plate from a given small single-lap specimen may differ from that
D907 Terminology of Adhesives obtained from a joint made with different adherends or by a
D1002 Test Method forApparent Shear Strength of Single- differentbondingprocess.Thenormalvariationoftemperature
Lap-Joint Adhesively Bonded Metal Specimens by Ten- and moisture in the service environment causes the adherends
sion Loading (Metal-to-Metal) and the adhesive to swell or shrink. The adherends and
D4896 GuideforUseofAdhesive-BondedSingleLap-Joint adhesive are likely to have different thermal and moisture
Specimen Test Results coefficients of expansion. Even in small specimens, short-term
environment changes can induce internal stresses of chemical
changes in the adhesive that permanently affect the apparent
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D14 on strength and other properties of the adhesive.
Adhesives and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.80 on Metal
4.3.2 The problem of predicting joint behavior in a chang-
Bonding Adhesives.
ing environment is even more difficult if a different type of
Current edition approved April 1, 2004. Published April 2004. Originally
adherendisusedinalargerstructuraljointthanwasusedinthe
approved in 1966. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as D2557–98. DOI:
10.1520/D2557-98R04.
small specimen.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
4.3.3 The apparent shear strength measured with a single-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
lap specimen is not suitable for determining design-allowable
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. stressesfordesigningstructuraljointsthatdifferinanymanner
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D2557 – 98 (2004)
from the joints tested without thorough analysis and under-
standing of the joint and adhesive behaviors.
4.3.4 Single-lap tests may be used for comparing and
selecting adhesives or bonding processes for susceptibility to
fatigueandenvironmentalchanges,butsuchcomparisonsmust
be made with great caution since different adhesives may
respond differently in different joints. See Guide D4896 for
further discussion of the concepts relative to interpretation of
adhesive-bonded single-lap-joints.
5. Apparatus
5.1 The testing machine shall conform to the requirements
of Test Method D1002 except that pin-type grips as shown in
Fig. 1 shall be used to hold the test specimen.
5.2 The cooling equipment shall consist of a cold box or a
cryostat filled with a gaseous or liquid refrigerant in which the
standard specimen is immersed prior to and during the test.A
typical cryostat is shown in Fig. 2.
6. Test Specimens
6.1 Test specimens shall be cut from panels shown in Fig.
3(A). These test specimens shall conform to the form and
dimensions shown in Fig. 3(B). The specimens are in every
respect similar to the tension lap shear specimens described in
Test Method D1002 Fig. 1, except that doublers and pin grips
NOTE 1—Cold box configurations are commercially available which
shall be used.
can be used from room temperature to−185°C. These utilize chilled
6.2 The selection of materials shall be based on the test
gaseous nitrogen or gaseous carbon dioxide.
temperature range. The following metals (Note 1) are recom-
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