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ASTM D6277-01

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Determination of Benzene in Spark-Ignition Engine Fuels Using Mid Infrared Spectroscopy

Standard Test Method for Determination of Benzene in Spark-Ignition Engine Fuels Using Mid Infrared Spectroscopy

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the percentage of benzene in spark-ignition engine fuels. It is applicable to concentrations from 0.1 to 5 volume %.
1.2 SI units of measurement are preferred and used throughout this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Aug-2001
ICS
71.040.50 - Physicochemical methods of analysis
75.160.20 - Liquid fuels
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.04.0F - Absorption Spectroscopic Methods
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D6277-99 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Benzene in Spark-Ignition Engine Fuels Using Mid Infrared Spectroscopy
Effective Date
10-Aug-2001
Replaced By
ASTM D6277-01(2006) - Standard Test Method for Determination of Benzene in Spark-Ignition Engine Fuels Using Mid Infrared Spectroscopy
Effective Date
01-Dec-2006
Referred By
ASTM D8321-22 - Standard Practice for Development and Validation of Multivariate Analyses for Use in Predicting Properties of Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants based on Spectroscopic Measurements
Effective Date
10-Aug-2001
Referred By
ASTM E2056-04(2016) - Standard Practice for Qualifying Spectrometers and Spectrophotometers for Use in Multivariate Analyses, Calibrated Using Surrogate Mixtures
Effective Date
10-Aug-2001
Referred By
ASTM D3764-23 - Standard Practice for Validation of the Performance of Process Stream Analyzer Systems
Effective Date
10-Aug-2001
Referred By
ASTM D7235-21a - Standard Guide for Establishing a Linear Correlation Relationship Between Analyzer and Primary Test Method Results Using Relevant ASTM Standard Practices
Effective Date
10-Aug-2001

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ASTM D6277-01 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Benzene in Spark-Ignition Engine Fuels Using Mid Infrared SpectroscopyASTM D6277-01 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Benzene in Spark-Ignition Engine Fuels Using Mid Infrared Spectroscopy
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ASTM D6277-01 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Benzene in Spark-Ignition Engine Fuels Using Mid Infrared Spectroscopy
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation: D 6277 – 01
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Benzene in Spark-Ignition Engine Fuels
1
Using Mid Infrared Spectroscopy
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6277; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D 5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid
4
Samples of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the per-
E168 Practices for General Techniques of Infrared Quanti-
centage of benzene in spark-ignition engine fuels. It is appli-
5
tative Analysis
cable to concentrations from 0.1 to 5 volume %.
E1655 Practices for Infrared Multivariate Quantitative
1.2 SIunitsofmeasurementarepreferredandusedthrough-
5
Analysis
out this standard.
E2056 Practice for Qualifying Spectrometers and Spectro-
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
photometers for Use in Multivariate Analyses, Calibrated
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5
Using Surrogate Mixtures
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3. Terminology
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1 Definitions:
2. Referenced Documents 3.1.1 multivariate calibration—a process for creating a
calibrationmodelinwhichmultivariatemathematicsisapplied
2.1 ASTM Standards:
to correlate the absorbances measured for a set of calibration
D1298 TestMethodforDensity,RelativeDensity(Specific
samples to reference component concentrations or property
Gravity), or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid
2
values for the set of samples.
Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method
3.1.1.1 Discussion—The resultant multivariate calibration
D4052 Test Method for Density and Relative Density of
3
modelisappliedtotheanalysisofspectraofunknownsamples
Liquids by Digital Density Meter
to provide an estimate of the component concentration or
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
3
property values for the unknown sample.
Petroleum Products
3.1.1.2 Discussion—Includedinthemultivariatecalibration
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
3
algorithms are Partial Least Squares, Multilinear Regression,
Petroleum Products
and Classical Least Squares Peak Fitting.
D4307 PracticeforPreparationofLiquidBlendsforUseas
3
3.1.2 oxygenate—an oxygen-containing organic compound
Analytical Standards
which may be used as a fuel or fuel supplement, for example,
D5769 Test Method for Determination of Benzene, Tolu-
various alcohols and ethers.
ene, and Total Aromatics in Finished Gasolines by Gas
4
Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
4. Summary of Test Method
D5842 Practice for Sampling and Handling of Fuels for
4 4.1 Asampleofspark-ignitionenginefuelisintroducedinto
Volatility Measurements
aliquidsamplecell.Abeamofinfraredlightisimagedthrough
the sample onto a detector, and the detector response is
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on determined.Wavelengths of the spectrum, that correlate highly
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
with benzene or interferences, are selected for analysis using
D02.04.0F on Absorption Spectroscopic Methods.
selective bandpass filters or by mathematically selecting areas
Current edition approved Aug. 10, 2001. Published October 2001. Originally
of the whole spectrum. A multivariate mathematical analysis
published as D 6277–98. Last previous edition D 6277–99.
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01.
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 05.02.
4 5
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 05.03. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 03.06.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D 6277 – 01
converts the detector response for the selected areas of the nitrogen. A subsequent single beam spectrum shall be taken
spectrum of an unknown to a concentration of benzene. under the same conditions and ratioed to the background
spectrum. The RMS noise of the ratioed spectra, the 100%
5. Significance and Use
line, shall not exceed 0.3 % transmittance in the region from
–1
700 to 664 cm .
5.1 Benzene is a compound that endangers health, and the
7.2 Absorption Cell— The absorption cell can be either
concentration is limited by environmental protection agencies
transmission or attenuated total reflectance.
to produce a less toxic gasoline.
7.2.1 Transmission Cells, shall have windows of potassium
5.2 This test
...

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Standard Test Method for Determination of Benzene in Spark-Ignition Engine Fuels Using Mid Infrared Spectroscopy

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5.1 Benzene is a compound that endangers health, and the concentration is limited by environmental protection agencies to produce a less toxic gasoline.  
5.2 This test method is fast, simple to run, and inexpensive.  
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Standard Test Method for Total Olefins in Spark-ignition Engine Fuels by Multidimensional Gas Chromatography

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5.1 The quantitative determination of olefins in spark-ignition engine fuels is required to comply with government regulations.  
5.2 Knowledge of the total olefin content provides a means to monitor the efficiency of catalytic cracking processes.  
5.3 This test method provides better precision for olefin content than Test Method D1319. It also provides data in a much shorter time, approximately 20 min following calibration, and maximizes automation to reduce operator labor.  
5.4 This test method is not applicable to M85 or E85 fuels, which contain 85 % methanol and ethanol, respectively.
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Standard Test Method for Determination of Aromatic Hydrocarbon Types in Aviation Fuels and Petroleum Distillates—High Performance Liquid Chromatography Method with Refractive Index Detection

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5.1 Accurate quantitative information on aromatic hydrocarbon types can be useful in determining the effects of petroleum processes on production of various finished fuels. This information can also be useful for indicating the quality of fuels and for assessing the relative combustion properties of finished fuels.
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5.1 Knowledge of the individual component composition (speciation) of gasoline fuels and blending stocks is useful for refinery quality control and product specification. Process control and product specification compliance for many individual hydrocarbons may be determined through the use of this test method.
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5.1 Sulfates and chlorides can be found in filter plugging deposits and fuel injector deposits. The acceptability for use of the fuel components and the finished fuels depends on the sulfate and chloride content.  
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1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Material Safety Data Sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review them for hazards prior to usage.  
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ASTM D6277-07(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Benzene in Spark-Ignition Engine Fuels Using Mid Infrared Spectroscopy

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Benzene is a compound that endangers health, and the concentration is limited by environmental protection agencies to produce a less toxic gasoline.  
5.2 This test method is fast, simple to run, and inexpensive.  
5.3 This test method is applicable for quality control in the production and distribution of spark-ignition engine fuels.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the percentage of benzene in spark-ignition engine fuels. It is applicable to concentrations from 0.1 % to 5 % by volume.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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Standard Test Method for Total Olefins in Spark-ignition Engine Fuels by Multidimensional Gas Chromatography

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5.1 The quantitative determination of olefins in spark-ignition engine fuels is required to comply with government regulations.  
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1.3 This test method can not be used to determine individual olefin components.  
1.4 This test method can not be used to determine olefins having higher carbon numbers than C10.
Note 1: Precision was determined only on samples containing MTBE and ethanol.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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