ASTM C895-87(2003)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:C895–87 (Reapproved 2003)
Standard Test Method for
Lead and Cadmium Extracted from Glazed Ceramic Tile
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 895; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4. Significance and Use
1.1 This test method covers the precise determination of 4.1 There are several test methods available to measure the
leadandcadmiumextractedbyaceticacidfromglazedceramic lead and cadmium release from dinnerware and cookware (see
tile that are intended for use in areas of food preparation. The Test Methods C 738 and C 1034 and Specification C 1035).
procedure of extraction may be expected to accelerate the These standards are used as a control to ensure the protection
release of lead from the glaze and to serve, therefore, as a of the population against a possible health hazard. This
severe test that is unlikely to be matched under the actual potential hazard arises with improperly formulated, applied,
conditions of usage of such ceramic tile. This test method is firedglazesanddecorations.Thistestmethoddealsspecifically
specific for lead and cadmium. withceramictilethatareintendedtocomeincontactwithfood
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded during its preparation (for example, counter top tile).
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
5. Interferences
information only.
5.1 Since specific hollow-cathode lamps for lead and cad-
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the mium are used, there are no interferences.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
6. Apparatus
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
6.1 Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer, equipped with a
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4-in. (102-mm) single slot or Boling burner head and digital
2. Referenced Documents
concentration readout attachment (DCR) if available. This
instrument should have a sensitivity of about 0.5 ppm of lead
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C 738 Test Method for Lead and Cadmium Extracted from for 1 % absorption and a sensitivity of about 0.25 ppm of
Glazed Ceramic Surfaces cadmium for 1 % absorption. Use the operating conditions as
specified in the instrument manufacturer’s analytical methods
C 1034 Test Method for Lead and Cadmium Extracted from
Glazed Ceramic Cookware manual.
C 1035 Specification for Lead and Cadmium Extracted
NOTE 1—1 ppm = 1 mg/L or one part per million is one milligram per
from Glazed Ceramic Cookware
litre.
6.2 Hollow-Cathode Lead Lamp, with wavelength set at
3. Summary of Test Method
283.3 or 217.0 nm.
3.1 The lead and cadmium extracted from the article under
6.3 Hollow-Cathode Cadmium Lamp, with wavelength set
test, by acetic acid at 20 to 24°C (68 to 75°F) after 24 h of
at 228.8 nm.
leaching, are measured by atomic absorption spectrophotom-
6.4 Glassware of chemically resistant borosilicate glass to
etry using specific hollow-cathode lamps for lead and cad-
make reagents and solutions.
mium, respectively.
6.5 Test Cell—Chemically resistant borosilicate glass cylin-
der to contain the leaching solution. An open-ended cell
approximately80mminlengthand60mmininternaldiameter
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeC21onCeramic
Whitewares and Related Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
has proven suitable.
C21.06 on Ceramic Tile.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2003. Published October 2003. Originally
approved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as C 895 – 87 (1998). “Lead Industries, Inc.,” Proceedings, International Conference on Ceramic
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Foodware Safety, 1975, pp. 8–17.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Perkin–Elmer Model 303 and Jarrell–Ash Model 82546 have been found
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on suitable for this determination. Other makes of atomic absorption spectrophotom-
the ASTM website. eters having comparable sensitivity and accuracy and with background correction
Withdrawn. are also suitable.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
C895–87 (2003)
7. Reagents and the test array must be covered with an opaque cloth or foil
to prevent exposure to light. Let stand for 24 h at 20 to 24°C
7.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be
(68 to 74°F).
used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that
8.2 Preparation of Standards:
all reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Commit-
8.2.1 Lead Standards—Dilute lead nitrate solution (see 7.5)
tee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society
6 with acetic acid (see 7.3) to obtain working standards having
where such specifications are available. Other grades may be
final concentrations of 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 ppm of Pb.
used provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of
8.2.2 Cadmium Standards—Dilute cadmium stock solution
sufficiently high purity to permit its use without lessening the
(see 7.7) with acetic acid (see 7.3) to obtain working standards
accuracy of the determination.
having final concentrations of 0.0, 0.3, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2.0 ppm
7.2 Purity of Water—Unless otherwise indicated, references
of Cd.
to water shall be understood to mean distilled water.
8.3 Determination of Lead by Atomic Absorption—Stir the
7.3 Acetic Acid (4 % by Volume)—Mix 1 volume of glacial
sample (leaching) solution and pour off a portion into a clean
acetic acid with 24 volumes of water. Run a reagent blank each
flask. Using the atomic absorption spectrophotometer (see 6.1)
time a 4 % acetic acid solution is prepared.
and hollow-cathode l
...