ASTM C895-87(1998)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact
ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: C 895 – 87 (Reapproved 1998)
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Test Method for
Lead and Cadmium Extracted from Glazed Ceramic Tile
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 895; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope These standards are used as a control to ensure the protection
of the population against a possible health hazard. This
1.1 This test method covers the precise determination of
potential hazard arises with improperly formulated, applied,
lead and cadmium extracted by acetic acid from glazed ceramic
fired glazes, and decorations. This test method deals specifi-
tile that are intended for use in areas of food preparation. The
cally with ceramic tile that are intended to come in contact with
procedure of extraction may be expected to accelerate the
food during its preparation (for example, counter top tile).
release of lead from the glaze and to serve, therefore, as a
severe test that is unlikely to be matched under the actual
5. Interferences
conditions of usage of such ceramic tile. This test method is
5.1 Since specific hollow-cathode lamps for lead and cad-
specific for lead and cadmium.
mium are used, there are no interferences.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
6. Apparatus
information only.
6.1 Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer, equipped with a
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4-in. (102-mm) single slot or Boling burner head and digital
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
concentration readout attachment (DCR) if available. This
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
instrument should have a sensitivity of about 0.5 ppm of lead
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
for 1 % absorption and a sensitivity of about 0.25 ppm of
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
cadmium for 1 % absorption. Use the operating conditions as
2. Referenced Documents specified in the instrument manufacturer’s analytical methods
manual.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C 738 Test Method for Lead and Cadmium Extracted from
NOTE 1—1 ppm 5 1 mg/L or one part per million is one milligram per
Glazed Ceramic Surfaces litre.
C 1034 Test Method for Lead and Cadmium Extracted from
6.2 Hollow-Cathode Lead Lamp, with wavelength set at
Glazed Ceramic Cookware
283.3 or 217.0 nm.
C 1035 Specification for Lead and Cadmium Extracted
6.3 Hollow-Cathode Cadmium Lamp, with wavelength set
from Glazed Ceramic Cookware
at 228.8 nm.
6.4 Glassware of chemically resistant borosilicate glass to
3. Summary of Test Method
make reagents and solutions.
3.1 The lead and cadmium extracted from the article under
6.5 Test Cell—Chemically resistant borosilicate glass cylin-
test, by acetic acid at 20 to 24°C (68 to 75°F) after 24 h of
der to contain the leaching solution. An open-ended cell
leaching, are measured by atomic absorption spectrophotom-
approximately 80 mm in length and 60 mm in internal diameter
etry using specific hollow-cathode lamps for lead and cad-
has proven suitable.
mium, respectively.
7. Reagents
4. Significance and Use
7.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be
4.1 There are several test methods available to measure the
used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that
lead and cadmium release from dinnerware and cookware (see
Test Methods C 738 and C 1034 and Specification C 1035).
1 3
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C-21 on “Lead Industries, Inc.,” Proceedings, International Conference on Ceramic
Ceramic Whitewares and Related Productsand is the direct responsibility of Foodware Safety, 1975, pp. 8–17.
Perkin–Elmer Model 303 and Jarrell–Ash Model 82546 have been found
Subcommittee C21.06on Ceramic Tile.
suitable for this determination. Other makes of atomic absorption spectrophotom-
Current edition approved Sept. 25, 1987. Published November 1987. Originally
eters having comparable sensitivity and accuracy and with background correction
published as C 895–78. Last previous edition C 895–82.
are also suitable.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.02.
NOTICE:¬This¬standard¬has¬either¬been¬superceded¬and¬replaced¬by¬a¬new¬version¬or¬discontinued.¬
Contact¬ASTM¬International¬(www.astm.org)¬for¬the¬latest¬information.¬
C 895
all reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Commit- 8.2.1 Lead Standards—Dilute lead nitrate solution (see 7.5)
tee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society with acetic acid (see 7.3) to obtain working standards having
where such specifications are available. Other grades may be final concentrations of 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 ppm of Pb.
used provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of 8.2.2 Cadmium Standards—Dilute cadmium stock solution
sufficiently high purity to permit its use without lessening the (see 7.7) with acetic acid (see 7.3) to obtain working standards
accuracy of the determination. having final concentrations of 0.0, 0.3, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2.0 ppm
7.2 Purity of Water—Unless otherwise indicated, references of Cd.
to water shall be understood to mean distilled water. 8.3 Determination of Lead by Atomic Absorption—Stir the
7.3 Acetic Acid (4 % by Volume)—Mix 1 volume of glacial sample (leaching) solution and pour off a portion into a clean
acetic acid with 24 volumes of water. Run a reagent blank each flask. Using the atomic absorption spectrophotometer (see 6.1)
time a 4 % acetic acid solution is prepared. and hollow-cathode lamp (see 6.2), at the same time determine
7.4 Detergent Rinse—Add 15 g of suitable alkaline deter- the
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