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ASTM E3245-20e1

(Guide)

Standard Guide for Systematic Approach to the Extraction, Analysis, and Classification of Ignitable Liquids and Ignitable Liquid Residues in Fire Debris Samples

Standard Guide for Systematic Approach to the Extraction, Analysis, and Classification of Ignitable Liquids and Ignitable Liquid Residues in Fire Debris Samples

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This guide is applicable for all ignitable liquids as defined by Test Method E1618.  
5.2 This guide is applicable to solid and liquid samples (burned and unburned), which are packaged in a closed vapor-tight container (typically a can, fire debris bag, jar, or vial).  
5.3 This guide is to be used in conjunction with the referenced documents by an analyst familiar with the limitations and applicability of each technique used.  
5.4 This guide does not attempt to address all the issues regarding sample extraction and analysis. There could be additional laboratory validated or verified tests, extractions or analyses that can be performed to provide further discrimination and classification of ignitable liquids and ignitable liquid residues present in samples.  
5.5 This guide is intended to be used in conjunction with generally accepted forensic accreditation requirements including documentation and records.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide describes a systematic approach to the extraction, analysis, and classification of ignitable liquids and their residues in solid (for example, fire debris) and liquid samples.  
1.2 This guide addresses evidence handling, extraction methodologies, instrumental analysis techniques, and analytical data interpretation.  
1.3 This guide cannot replace knowledge, skill, or ability acquired through appropriate education, training, and experience and should be used in conjunction with sound professional judgment.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-May-2020
ICS
13.220.40 - Ignitability and burning behaviour of materials and products
Technical Committee
E30 - Forensic Sciences
Drafting Committee
E30.01 - Criminalistics
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM E3245-20e1 - Standard Guide for Systematic Approach to the Extraction, Analysis, and Classification of Ignitable Liquids and Ignitable Liquid Residues in Fire Debris SamplesASTM E3245-20e1 - Standard Guide for Systematic Approach to the Extraction, Analysis, and Classification of Ignitable Liquids and Ignitable Liquid Residues in Fire Debris Samples
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ASTM E3245-20e1 - Standard Guide for Systematic Approach to the Extraction, Analysis, and Classification of Ignitable Liquids and Ignitable Liquid Residues in Fire Debris Samples
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
´1
Designation: E3245 −20 An American National Standard
Standard Guide for
Systematic Approach to the Extraction, Analysis, and
Classification of Ignitable Liquids and Ignitable Liquid
1
Residues in Fire Debris Samples
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E3245; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—Editorial corrections were made throughout in July 2020.
1. Scope E1388 Practice for Static Headspace Sampling of Vapors
from Fire Debris Samples
1.1 This guide describes a systematic approach to the
E1412 Practice for Separation of Ignitable Liquid Residues
extraction, analysis, and classification of ignitable liquids and
from Fire Debris Samples by Passive Headspace Concen-
their residues in solid (for example, fire debris) and liquid
tration with Activated Charcoal
samples.
E1413 Practice for Separation of Ignitable Liquid Residues
1.2 This guide addresses evidence handling, extraction
from Fire Debris Samples by Dynamic Headspace Con-
methodologies, instrumental analysis techniques, and analyti-
centration onto an Adsorbent Tube
cal data interpretation.
E1459 Guide for Physical Evidence Labeling and Related
1.3 This guide cannot replace knowledge, skill, or ability
Documentation
acquired through appropriate education, training, and experi-
E1492 Practice for Receiving, Documenting, Storing, and
ence and should be used in conjunction with sound profes-
Retrieving Evidence in a Forensic Science Laboratory
sional judgment.
E1618 TestMethodforIgnitableLiquidResiduesinExtracts
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
from Fire Debris Samples by Gas Chromatography-Mass
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Spectrometry
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
E1732 Terminology Relating to Forensic Science
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
E2154 Practice for Separation and Concentration of Ignit-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
able Liquid Residues from Fire Debris Samples by Pas-
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
sive Headspace Concentration with Solid Phase Microex-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
traction (SPME)
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
E2451 Practice for Preserving Ignitable Liquids and Ignit-
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
able Liquid Residue Extracts from Fire Debris Samples
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
E2881 Test Method for Extraction and Derivatization of
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Vegetable Oils and Fats from Fire Debris and Liquid
Samples with Analysis by Gas Chromatography-Mass
2. Referenced Documents
Spectrometry
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E2997 Test Method for Analysis of Biodiesel Products by
E620 Practice for Reporting Opinions of Scientific or Tech-
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
nical Experts
E3189 Practice for Separation of Ignitable Liquid Residues
E1386 Practice for Separation of Ignitable Liquid Residues
from Fire Debris Samples by Static Headspace Concen-
from Fire Debris Samples by Solvent Extraction
tration onto an Adsorbent Tube
E3197 Terminology Relating to Examination of Fire Debris
1
3
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E30 on Forensic
2.2 NFPA Standards:
Sciences and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E30.01 on Criminalistics.
NFPA 921 Guide for Fire and Explosion Investigation
Current edition approved June 1, 2020. Published July 2020. DOI: 10.1520/
E3245-20E01.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 Batterymarch
the ASTM website. Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, http://www.nfpa.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
´1
E3245 − 20
2.3 Other Resources: 6.2.1 Review papers on fire debris analysis were compiled
National Center for Forensic Science Ignitable Liquids by Pert, Baron and Birkett (10), Zadora and Borusiewicz (11),
Reference Collection (NCFS-ILRC) and Substrates Data- Sandercock (12), Viitala and Kakko (13)
...

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ASTM E2451-21(Practice)
Standard Practice for Preserving Ignitable Liquids and Ignitable Liquid Residue Extracts from Fire Debris Samples

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The preservation and storage of extracts recovered from fire debris or liquids submitted in a fire investigation provides a mechanism for reanalysis in the event that the original evidence is altered due to factors such as the extraction process (Practices E1386 and E1413), sample degradation, or failure of the original evidence container during post-analysis storage.  
5.2 Reanalysis of a stored sample extract could result in data that do not duplicate the data obtained during the initial analysis. Loss of the more volatile components of a stored sample can occur, and this possibility should be considered when interpreting data from a stored sample. Studies of gasoline and diesel show that results (that is, determination of presence and classification of an ignitable liquid, or determination of absence of an ignitable liquid) obtained from reanalysis data are in agreement with the initial analytical results. (1-4)  
5.3 Preserved extracts are either returned to the submitter for storage or catalogued and stored by the laboratory or other designee.
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1.1 This standard covers procedures for the preservation of ignitable liquids and ignitable liquid residue extracts obtained from fire debris samples and questioned ignitable liquid samples. Extraction procedures are described in Section 2, Referenced Documents.  
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1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a means to measure a variety of fire-test-response characteristics associated with heat and smoke release and resulting from burning the materials insulating electrical or optical fiber cables, when made into cables and installed on a vertical cable tray. The specimens are allowed to burn freely under well ventilated conditions after ignition by means of a propane gas burner. The ignition source used in this test method is also described as a premixed flame flaming ignition source in Practice E3020, which contains an exhaustive compilation of ignition sources.  
5.2 The rate of heat release often serves as an indication of the intensity of the fire generated. General considerations of the importance of heat release rate are discussed in Appendix X1 and considerations for heat release calculations are in Appendix X2.  
5.3 Other fire-test-response characteristics that are measurable by this test method are useful to make decisions on fire safety. The test method is also used for measuring smoke obscuration. The apparatus described here is also useful to measure gaseous components of smoke; the most important gaseous components of smoke are the carbon oxides, present in all fires. The carbon oxides are major indicators of the completeness of combustion and are often used as part of fire hazard assessment calculations and to improve the accuracy of heat release measurements.  
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1.1 This is a fire-test-response standard.  
1.2 This test method provides a means to measure the heat released and smoke obscuration by burning the electrical insulating materials contained in electrical or optical fiber cables when the cable specimens, excluding accessories, are subjected to a specified flaming ignition source and burn freely under well ventilated conditions. Flame propagation cable damage, by char length, and mass loss are also measured.  
1.3 This test method provides two different protocols for exposing the materials, when made into cable specimens, to an ignition source (approximately 20 kW), for a 20 min test duration. Use it to determine the heat release, smoke release, flame propagation and mass loss characteristics of the materials contained in single and multiconductor electrical or optical fiber cables.  
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ASTM F1516-23(Practice)
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4.1 Seams in some resilient flooring are heat sealed to prevent openings from forming between cut edges and to prevent penetrations of dirt, liquids, etc., into the seams. Decorative appearances may also be achieved using contrasting heat weld thread (rod).
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1.1 This practice covers the instructions and precautions to be observed to ensure satisfactory performance of seams in resilient flooring sealed by the heat weld method.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See precaution information in 6.1.  
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4.1 Tests made under conditions herein prescribed can be of considerable value in comparing the relative ignition characteristics of different materials. Values obtained represent the lowest ambient air temperature that will cause ignition of the material under the conditions of this test. Test values are expected to rank materials according to ignition susceptibility under actual use conditions.  
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5.1 The surface burning characteristics of wood products are often evaluated with Test Method E84 to comply with code requirements. This practice describes specimen preparation and mounting procedures for such materials and systems.  
5.2 If it can be demonstrated that none of the methods described in this practice are applicable to a particular wood product, other mounting methods shall be permitted to be used. This information shall be included in the report.  
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1.1 This practice describes procedures for specimen preparation and mounting when testing wood products to assess flames spread and smoke development as surface burning characteristics using Test Method E84 or Test Method E2768.  
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Standard Guide for Fire-Resistance Experiments

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The methods and procedures set forth in this guide relate to the conduct and reporting of fire-resistance tests obtained from particular fire-resistance tested specimens tested using conditions different than those addressed by Test Methods E119.  
4.2 Data derived from fire tests conducted and reported under this guide are useful for general fire research and as potential input data for use in fire models.  
4.3 It is necessary that users of this guide have knowledge and understanding of the provisions of Test Methods E119, including those pertaining to conditions of acceptance in order to understand how the alternative test conditions relate to those specified in Test Methods E119.  
4.4 Users of this guide should be aware that tests conducted using exposure conditions different than those specified in Test Methods E119 do not provide or generate fire resistance ratings suitable for determining compliance with code or regulatory requirements.  
4.4.1 In Test Methods E119, standard test specimens are subjected to specific exposure conditions. Substitution of different exposure conditions can change the measured fire-test-response characteristics of a test specimen. Therefore, the data are valid for only the alternative exposure conditions used.
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1.1 This guide covers the conduct of fire-resistance tests using conditions different than those addressed in Test Methods E119. This guide also addresses the reporting of data derived from those tests.  
1.2 This guide does not provide or generate fire-resistance ratings suitable for determining compliance with code or regulatory requirements comparable to those resulting from tests conducted in accordance with Test Methods E119.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This guide is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The purpose of this guide is to introduce the hazards and risks associated with oxygen-enriched systems. This guide explains common hazards that often are overlooked. It provides an overview of the standards and documents produced by ASTM Committee G04 and other knowledgable sources as well as their uses. It does not highlight standard test methods that support the use of these practices. Table 1 provides a graphic representation of the relationship of ASTM G04 standards. Table 2 provides a list of standards published by ASTM and other organizations.  
4.2 The standards discussed here focus on reducing the hazards associated with the use of oxygen. In general, they are not directly applicable to process reactors in which the deliberate reaction of materials with oxygen is sought, as in burners, bleachers, or bubblers. Other ASTM Committees and products (such as the CHETAH program5) and other outside groups are more pertinent for these.  
4.3 This guide is not intended as a specification to establish practices for the safe use of oxygen. The documents discussed here do not purport to contain all the information needed to design and operate an oxygen-enriched system safely. The control of oxygen hazards has not been reduced to handbook procedures, and the tactics for using oxygen are not simple. Rather, they require the application of sound technical judgment and experience. Oxygen users should obtain assistance from qualified technical personnel to design systems and operating practices for the safe use of oxygen in their specific applications.
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1.1 This guide covers an overview of the work of ASTM Committee G04 on Compatibility and Sensitivity of Materials in Oxygen-Enriched Atmospheres. It is a starting point for those asking the question: “What are the risks associated with my use of oxygen?” This guide is an introduction to the unique concerns that must be addressed in the handling of oxygen. The principal hazard is the prospect of ignition with resultant fire, explosion, or both. All fluid systems require design considerations, such as adequate strength, corrosion resistance, fatigue resistance, and pressure safety relief. In addition to these design considerations, one must also consider the ignition mechanisms that are specific to an oxygen-enriched system. This guide outlines these ignition mechanisms and the approach to reducing the risks.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide is intended for use by those undertaking the development of fire hazard assessment standards for electrotechnical products. Such standards are expected to be useful to manufacturers, architects, specification writers, and authorities having jurisdiction.  
4.2 As a guide, this document provides information on an approach to the development of a fire hazard assessment standard; fixed procedures are not established. Any limitations in the availability of data, of appropriate test procedures, of adequate fire models, or in the advancement of scientific knowledge will place significant constraints upon the procedure for the assessment of fire hazard.  
4.3 The focus of this guide is on fire assessment standards for electrotechnical products. However, insofar as the concepts in this guide are consistent with those of Guide E1546, the general concepts presented also may be applicable to processes, activities, occupancies, and buildings. Guide E2061 contains an example of how to use information on fire-test-response characteristics of electrotechnical products (electric cables) in a fire hazard assessment for a specific occupancy (rail transportation vehicle).  
4.4 A standard developed following this guide should not attempt to set a safety threshold or other pass/fail criteria. Such a standard should specify all steps required to determine fire hazard measures for which safety thresholds or pass/fail criteria can be meaningfully set by authorities having jurisdiction.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides guidance on the development of fire hazard assessment standards for electrotechnical products. For the purposes of this guide, products include materials, components, and end-use products.  
1.2 This guide is directed toward development of standards that will provide procedures for assessing fire hazards harmful to people, animals, or property.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This fire standard cannot be used to provide quantitative measures.  
1.5 This standard is used to predict or provide a quantitative measure of the fire hazard from a specified set of fire conditions involving specific materials, products, or assemblies. This assessment does not necessarily predict the hazard of actual fires which involve conditions other than those assumed in the analysis.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Guide
    7 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Guide
    7 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off