ASTM D2864-02

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D 2864–02
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Electrical Insulating Liquids and Gases
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2864; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
The definitions contained in this terminology pertain to terms as they are used in conjunction with
fluid insulating materials. Insofar as possible, the definitions are consistent with accepted general
usage,andmayalsocontainadditionalinformationdeemedtobeofvalueintestingoffluidinsulating
materials.
1. Referenced Documents CYCLE, and the number of cycles occurring in one second
2
is called the FREQUENCY, measured in hertz (Hz). For
1.1 ASTM Standards:
example, the electricity supplied by commercial utility
D611 Test Methods for Aniline Point and Mixed Aniline
companies in the United States is, in most localities, 60 Hz,
Point of Petroleum Products and Hydrocarbon Solvents.
although other frequencies may be encountered.
D2007 Test Method for Characteristic Groups in Rubber
acid treating—a refining process in which an unfinished
Extender and Processing Oils and Other Petroleum-
petroleum insulating oil is contacted with sulfuric acid to
Derived Oils by the Clay-Gel Absorption Chromato-
improve its color, odor, stability, and other properties.
graphic Method
ac loss characteristics—those properties of a dielectric or
D2140 Test Method for Carbon Type Composition of
insulation system (such as dissipation factor, power factor,
Insulating Oils of Petroleum Origin
and loss index) that may be used as a measure of the power
D2300 Test Method for Gassing of Insulating Liquids
or energy losses that would result from the use of such
Under Electrical Stress and Ionization (Modified Pirelli
material in an ac electric field.
Method)
additive—a chemical compound or compounds added to an
D2500 TestMethodforCloudPointofPetroleumProducts
insulating fluid for the purpose of imparting new properties
D3117 TestMethodforWaxAppearancePointofDistillate
or altering those properties which the fluid already has.
Fuels
ambient temperature—the temperature of the surrounding
E355 Practice for Gas Chromatography Terms and Rela-
atmosphere as determined by an instrument shielded from
tionships
direct or reflected rays of the sun.
2. Terminology
aniline point—the minimum temperature for complete misci-
bility of equal volumes of aniline and the sample under test.
ac—symbol used to designate an electric voltage or current
See Test Methods D611. In comparing two samples of
whoseamplitudevariesperiodicallyasafunctionoftime,its
similar molecular weight, the aniline point can be used as a
average value over one complete period being zero. One
means of comparing aromatic content of the two samples.A
complete repetition of the wave pattern is referred to as a
product of high aniline point will be low in aromatics and
naphthenes, and therefore high in paraffins.
1
API gravity—an arbitrary scale developed by the American
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D27 on
Electrical Insulating Liquids and Gases and is the direct responsibility of Subcom- Petroleum Institute and frequently used in reference to
mittee D27.15 on Planning Resource and Development.
petroleum insulating oil. The relationship between API
Current edition approved June 10, 2002. Published July 2002. Originally
gravity and specific gravity 60/60°F is defined by the
published as D2864–70. Last previous edition D2864–00a.
2
following:
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DegAPIGravityat60°F 5141.5/~spgr60/60°F!2131.5
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D 2864–02
DISCUSSION—1—Conductivity is a general term. Specific reference
aromatics—that class of organic compounds which behave
may be made to conductivity, dc.
chemicallylikebenzene.Theyarecyclicunsaturatedorganic
DISCUSSION—2—For dielectrics the conductivity may be dependent
compounds that can sustain an induced electronic ring
on the electrification time. (See also conductivity, apparent dc
current due to delocalization of electrons around the ring.
volume and conductivity, dc volume.)
DISCUSSION—Empirically, the aromatic portion of a mineral insulat-
conductivity, apparent dc volume—the “dc volume conduc-
ing oil can be estimated by correlation with physical prop
...