ASTM D1481-02

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An American National Standard
Designation: D 1481 – 02
Standard Test Method for
Density and Relative Density (Specific Gravity) of Viscous
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Materials by Lipkin Bicapillary Pycnometer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1481; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
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1. Scope 4. Summary of Test Method
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversthedeterminationofthedensity 4.1 The liquid is drawn into the bicapillary pycnometer
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of oils more viscous than 15 cSt at 20°C (mm /s), and of through the removable siphon arm and adjusted to volume at
viscousoilsandmeltedwaxesatelevatedtemperatures,butnot the temperature of test, in such a manner that there is
at temperatures at which the sample would have a vapor practically no drainage in the unfilled tubing. After equilibra-
pressure of 100 mm Hg (13 kPa) or above. tion at the test temperature, liquid levels are read, and the
pycnometer is removed from the thermostated bath, cooled to
NOTE 1—To determine the densities of less viscous liquids at 20 or
room temperature, and weighed.
25°C use Test Method D1217.
4.2 Density or relative density (specific gravity), as desired,
1.2 This test method provides a calculation procedure for
is then calculated from the volume at the test temperature and
converting density to relative density (specific gravity).
theweightofthesample.Theeffectofairbuoyancyisincluded
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
in the calculations.
standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5. Significance and Use
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5.1 Density is a fundamental physical property that can be
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
used in conjunction with other properties to characterize both
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
the light and heavy fractions of petroleum and to access the
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
quality of crude oils.
5.2 Determination of the density or relative density of
2. Referenced Documents
petroleum and its products is necessary for the conversion of
2.1 ASTM Standards:
measured volumes to volumes at the standard temperatures of
D1217 Test Method for Density and Relative Density
15°C.
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(Specific Gravity) of Liquids by Bingham Pycnometer
5.3 The determination of densities at the elevated tempera-
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D1250 Guide for Petroleum Measurement Tables
tures of 40 and 100°C is particularly useful in providing the
data needed for the conversion of kinematic viscosities in
3. Terminology
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centistokes (mm /s) to the corresponding dynamic viscosities
3.1 Definitions:
in centipoises (mPa·s).
3.1.1 density—the weight in a vacuum (that is, the mass) of
a unit volume of the material at any given temperature.
6. Apparatus
3.1.2 relative density (specific gravity)—the ratio of the
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6.1 Pycnometer —Aside-armtypeofpycnometerconform-
mass (weight in a vacuum) of a given volume of material at a
ing to the dimensions given in Fig. 1 and made of borosilicate
temperature, t , to the mass of an equal volume of water at a
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glass. The weight shall not exceed 35 g without the side arm.
reference temperature, t ; or the ratio of the density of the
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material at t to the density of water at t .
1 2
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For a more complete discussion of this procedure, see Lipkin, M. R., Mills, I.
W., Martin, C. C., and Harvey,W.T., Analytical Chemistry,ANCHA,Vol 21, 1949,
p. 504.
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This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on 4
The sole source of supply of the pycnometers known to the committee at this
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
time is Reliance Glass Co., 220 Gateway Rd., Bensenville, IL 60106-0825 have
D02.04.0D on Physical and Chemical Methods.
beenfoundsatisfactory.Ifyouareawareofalternativesuppliers,pleaseprovidethis
Current edition approved Nov. 10, 2002. Published January 2003. Originally
information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive
approved in 1957. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as D1481–93(1997). 4
careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which
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Annual book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01.
you may attend.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D1481–02
FIG. 1 Pycnometer
FIG. 2 Rack for Filling Pycnometer
6.2 Rack—Arack to use in filling the pycnometer (see Fig.
the determination of the densities, or the sets of weights shall
2).
...