ASTM D7453-09

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Designation: D7453 − 09
StandardPractice for
Sampling of Petroleum Products for Analysis by Process
Stream Analyzers and for Process Stream Analyzer System
Validation
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7453; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
The primary focus of sampling petroleum product is the timely presentation of the sample for (1)
analysis by online analyzers, (2) validation of an analyzer system and (3) collecting a composite
sample for batch physical property determination. Sediment, free water, rust, and other contaminants
found in the sample may be removed in the sample conditioning system to protect the hardware and
analytical systems. If a sample is being collected for later analysis, the sample receiver must not alter
or degrade the physical make up of the sample in any way. If a sample is being feed to an analyzer
orsampledforlatterdeterminationofwaterorparticulatecontaminationthenfilteringisnotanoption.
1. Scope other liquids will require the consideration of additional
methods and practices. It is the responsibility of the user of this
1.1 This practice covers the performance requirements for
standard to identify any and all applicable safety and sampling
sample systems employed to deliver process stream samples
considerations and establish appropriate procedures to handle
(1) to analyzer system for analyses or (2) for analyzer
these additional considerations.
validation or (3) for composite sample systems. It also outlines
theselectionandoperationoflineorbatchsamplingequipment 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
intendedforanalyzerflowproportionedaveragepropertyvalue standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
system validation. Sample handling, mixing, and conditioning only.
procedures are required to ensure that a representative sample
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
of the liquid petroleum product is collected from the sampling
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
source.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
1.2 Applicable Fluids—This practice is applicable to single
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
liquid phase petroleum products whose vapor pressure at
sampling and sample storage conditions is less than or equal to
2. Referenced Documents
110 kPa (16.0 psi), and, with a D86 final boiling point less than
or equal to 400°C (752°F). 2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.2.1 Specialized sample handling may be necessary to D3764 Practice forValidation of the Performance of Process
maintain sample integrity of more volatile materials at high Stream Analyzer Systems
temperatures or extended residence time in the receiver. Such D6122 Practice for Validation of the Performance of Multi-
handling requirements are not within the scope of this practice. variate Online, At-Line, and Laboratory Infrared Spectro-
Usersshouldconsulttheanalyticalmethodstobeperformedon
photometer Based Analyzer Systems
the sample for special sample storage or conditioning require- D6624 Practice for Determining a Flow-Proportioned Aver-
ments.
age Property Value (FPAPV) for a Collected Batch of
Process Stream Material Using Stream Analyzer Data
1.3 Some or all of the processes outlined in this practice
D7278 GuideforPredictionofAnalyzerSampleSystemLag
may be applicable to other liquids. Applying this practice to
Times
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum
Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.25 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Performance Assessment and Validation of Process Stream Analyzer Systems. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Current edition approved April 15, 2009. Published May 2009. DOI: 10.1520/ Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
D7453-09. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D7453 − 09
3. Terminology 4. Summary of Practice
3.1 Definitions: 4.1 Analyzer measurement systems require a process
3.1.1 analyzer unit response time, n—time interval between
samplethatisdeliveredinatimelymannercommensuratewith
the introduction of a step change in property characteristic at the analyzer and process cycle time at pressure, temperature
the inlet of the analyzer unit and when the analyzer output
and flow conditions meeting system requirements, is free of
indicates a value corresponding to 99.5% of the subsequent contaminants, and is representative of the process stream.
change in analyzer results.
4.2 Line samples collected from the process or blender
3.1.2 automatic sampler, n—device used to repetitively
stream need to accurately reflect the composition of the
extract an grab and collect a representative sample of a batch
analyzer feed stream. This is accomplished by taking into
or process stream.
account the total analyzer system response time in order to
properly validate online analyzer systems.
3.1.3 automatic sampling system, n—system consisting of a
sample probe, sample fast cycle loop, sample supply line
4.3 This practice describes functional requirements that
stream conditioning, an automatic sampler and an associated
need to be addressed in the design and operation of automatic
controller, a flow measuring device, and sample holding,
sampling equipment.Automatic sampling equipment is used to
mixing and handling capabilities.
obtain a representative batch sample for use in validating an
3.1.4 batch, n—term referring to a volume or parcel being analyzer system or flow proportioned average property value
transferred.
and for manufactured batch quality testing.
3.1.5 flow proportional sampler, n—sampler designed to
5. Significance and Use
automatically adjust the sampling rate to be proportional to the
flow rate of the stream.
5.1 Analyzer systems require representative samples of
3.1.6 grab, n—volume of sample extracted from a batch by petroleum products delivered in a timely manner to (1)
facilitate the control of process or blending units or (2)
a single actuation of the sample extractor.
calculate a flow proportioned property value.
3.1.7 lag time, n—time required for material to travel from
pointAto point B in the total analyzer system (pointsAand B
5.2 Representative samples of petroleum products are re-
are user-defined).
quired for the determination of chemical and physical proper-
ties. These properties are used to establish the relationship
3.1.8 line sample, n—process material that can be safely
between the analyzer system and the primary test method
withdrawn from a sample port and associated facilities located
during initial and ongoing validation of the system.
anywhere in the total analyzer system without significantly
altering the property of interest.
5.3 Representative samples of petroleum products are tested
to determine the chemical and physical properties of a batch
3.1.9 primary test method (PTM), n—ASTM or other estab-
lished standard test method that produces results accepted as offered for tender.
the reference measure of a property.
6. Sample Delivery and Conditioning Requirements for
3.1.10 sample conditioning unit lag time, n—time required
Process Stream Analyzers
for material to flow from the sample conditioning unit inlet to
the analyzer unit inlet.
6.1 The sample will be delivered from the sample stream to
the analyzer inlet for measurement in the minimum realistic
3.1.11 sample fast cycle loop, n—a system that continually
period of time possible.
and rapidly transports a representative sample of process
6.1.1 When sampling from processes that normally operate
material from the sample probe past the sample supply line and
in steady state mode, not subject to scheduled operational
returns the remaining material to the process.
variable(s) step changes that directly impact the measured
3.1.11.1 sample fast loop lag time, n—time required for
variable, the sample fast loop lag time shall be as short as
material to transport from the product takeoff point of the
practicallypossible.Itisrecommendedthatwherepossible,the
sample loop to the sample conditioning unit inlet.
sample fast loop lag time should be less than the analyzer
3.1.12 total analyzer system response time, n—time interval
response time. A minimum realistic time is two minutes.
between the when a step change in property characteristic
NOTE 1—Guide D7278 can be used for the prediction of analyzer
arrives at the sample loop inlet and when the analyzer output
sample system lag times. Refer to Practice D3764 for analyzer unit
indicates a value corresponding to 99.5% of the subsequent
response time information.
change in analyzer results.
6.1.2 Samplingfromprocessesthataresubjecttoscheduled
3.1.12.1 Discussion—The total analyzer system response
operational variable(s) step changes that directly impact the
time is th
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