ASTM E2942-22

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E2942 − 17 E2942 − 22
Standard Guide for
Security of Tank Farm Installations for Compliance with
Spill Prevention, Control and Countermeasure Plan (SPCC)
Regulations
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2942; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Federal Regulation 40 CFR 112.3 requires an owner or operator of certain onshore or offshore
facilities that have tanks used for storing oil to prepare a written Spill Prevention Control and
Countermeasure Plan (SPCC Plan). The SPCC Plan must include a description of the security
measures that are implemented at the facility to prevent unauthorized access to oil handling,
processing, and storage areas. Such security measures may involve fencing, lighting and other more
sophisticated systems.
The SPCC rule defines Tier I and Tier II facilities. The owner/operator of Tier I and certain Tier II
facilities may prepare and self-certify the SPCC Plan. Refer to United States Environmental Protection
Agency - Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response Spill Prevention, Control and Countermea-
sure (SPCC) Rule - Stream-lined Requirements for Tier I and Tier II Qualified Facilities for aid in
determining if a particular facility is a qualified Tier I or Tier II facility. If the requirements for
self-certification are not met then the SPCC Plan must be certified by a Professional Engineer (P.E.)
Some states do not permit self-certification of SPCC Plans and thus requires that all SPCC Plans be
certified by a Professional Engineer (P.E.) The owner/operator should check with the state engineering
licensing board to find out if it prohibits SPCC Plan self-certification.
1. Scope*
1.1 This guide covers fencing and lighting only. More sophisticated security systems may be appropriate for the facility but
discussion of these types of systems is beyond the scope of this document.
1.2 The information included in this guide is intended for petroleum bulk storage facilities. It is not intended for use with retail
fueling and other motor fueling facilities, refineries, chemical plants, docks, oil production facilities, or electric power generation,
transmission, distribution and service center facilities. Fencing, lighting or other security measures designed to prevent
unauthorized access to the bulk storage facility may be components of Best Management Practices (BMPs) that the facility uses
to prevent releases of petroleum to storm water discharges. There are several different types of fencing and lighting that can be
effective. The intent of this document is to outline a method for providing security fencing and lighting that has been effectively
used. There are other fencing and lighting methods that may be adequately effective. Some facilities may be considered adequately
secure without fencing or lighting. An analysis of the threat level should be made to determine the type of security system to
employ.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E50 on Environmental Assessment, Risk Management and Corrective Action and is the direct
responsibility of Subcommittee E50.01 on Storage Tanks.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2017April 1, 2022. Published August 2017May 2022. Originally approved in 2015. Last previous edition approved in 20152017 as
E2942–15.–17. DOI: 10.1520/E2942–1710.1520/E2942–22
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E2942 − 22
1.3 Any facilities must meet local, state, and federal building, architectural, hazardous material handling and storage, and fire
protection codes.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A121 Specification for Metallic-Coated Carbon Steel Barbed Wire
A123 Specification for Zinc (Hot-Dip Galvanized) Coatings on Iron and Steel Products
A392 Specification for Zinc-Coated Steel Chain-Link Fence Fabric
A567/A567M Specification for Castings, Iron, Cobalt, and Nickel-Base Alloy, for High Strength at Elevated Temperatures
(Withdrawn 1987)
A817 Specification for Metallic-Coated Steel Wire for Chain-Link Fence Fabric and Marcelled Tension Wire
F567 Practice for Installation of Chain-Link Fence
F626 Specification for Fence Fittings
F900 Specification for Industrial and Commercial Steel Swing Gates
F1043 Specification for Strength and Protective Coatings on Steel Industrial Fence Framework
F1083 Specification for Pipe, Steel, Hot-Dipped Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) Welded, for Fence Structures
F1184 Specification for Industrial and Commercial Horizontal Slide Gates
2.2 American National Standards Institute/American Petroleum Institute
ANSI/API Standard 780 Security Risk Assessment Methodology for the Petroleum and Petrochemical Industries
2.3 Chain Link Fence Manufacturers Institute:
CLF–SFR0111 Security Fencing Recommendations The Tested and Proven Performance of Security Grade Chain Link Fencing
Systems
CLF-WLG 0110 Chain Link Fence Wind Load Guide for Selection of Line Post and Line Post Spacing
CLF-PM0610 Product Manual
2.4 United States Department of Transportation:
AC150/5370 – 10F
Item F-161 – Wire fence With Steel Posts (Class C and D Fence)
Item F-162 – Chain Link Fence Item
Item F-163 – Wildlife Deterrent Fence
Item F-164 – Wildlife Exclusion Fence
2.5 United States Environmental Protection Agency:
Federal Regulation 40 CFR 112 Oil Prevention Pollution Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response – Spill Prevention,
Control, and Countermeasure (SPCC) Rule – Streamlined Requirements for Tier I and Tier II Qualified Facilities
United States Environmental Protection Agency 40 FR 112 Oil Pollution Prevention
2.6 Federal Standards:
Federal Specification RR-F-191K/GEN Fencing, Wire and Post Metal (And Gates, Chain Link Fence Fabric, and Accessories-
(General Specification)
RR-F-191/1 Fencing, Wire and Post, Metal (Chain-Link Fence Fabric)
RR-F-191/2 Fencing, Wire and Post, Metal (Chain- Link Fence Gates)
RR-F-191/3 Fencing, Wire and Post, Metal (Chain-Link Fence Posts, Top Rails, and Braces)
RR-F-191/4 Fencing, Wire and Post, Metal (Chain-Link Fence Accessories)
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Chain Link Fence Manufacturers Institute (CLFMI) 10015 Old Columbia Rd. Suite B215 Columbia, MD 21046. http://www.chainlinkinfo.org
United States Department of Transportation, 1200 New Jersey Avenue, SE Washington, DC 20590 855-368-4200, https://www.transportation.gov
USEPA William Jefferson Clinton Building North, USEPA William Jefferson Clinton Building North, Washington, DC 20004. https://www.epa.gov/
DLA Document Services Building 4/D 700 Robbins Avenue Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094 http://quicksearch.dla.mil/
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2.7 Lighting:
NFPA 70 National Electric Code – Introduction, Chapter 1, Chapter 2, Chapter 3, Chapter 4, Article 410 –
International Building Code Section 1205
Illumination Society of North AmericaIES G-1-16 Guide for Security Lighting for People, Property, and Critical Infrastructure,
Illumination Society of North America
United States Environmental Protection Agency 40 FR 112 Oil Pollution Prevention
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 foot candle—candle, n—is a non-SI unit of illuminance or light intensity, abbreviated fc, lm/ft , ft-c.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—
The SI unit is lux. One foot candle is approximately equal to 10.764 lux.
4. Threat Level
4.1 The first step is for the owner to investigate and determine the perceived threat level. From that determination a judgment on
the type and extent of fencing and the type and extent of lighting can be made. Helpful references are detailed in Section 2 above.
Contacting the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to obtain a security analysis and a vulnerability study may be helpful.
Further contacting the local police department or sheriff for guidance on security strategies in the local area based on familiarity
with the threat characteristics of the area will be helpful.
4.2 Another document that may be useful in identifying the threat level and evaluating the risk involved is ASNI/API Standard
780 – Security Risk Assessment Methodology for the Petroleum and Petrochemical Industries.
5. Fencing Systems
5.1 The reference documents describe fencing systems that are more secure and fencing systems that are less secure. The owner
should perform a risk analysis and determine the appropriate fencing system for the facilities to be protected.
NOTE 1—Some fence types may be restricted by local codes.
6. Fencing Details
6.1 A chain-link fence is one type of fencing that has been used successfully with the type of facilities described in 1.2. There are
other fencing details that will provide adequate security Refer to Appendix X1 for typical chain-link fence details.
7. Illumination
7.1 The illumination values included in Appendix X2 have been used successfully for these types of facilities. The owner should
determine if other illumination values are better suited to the facilities involved.
7.2 Facilities should be equipped with lights to prevent acts of vandalism and to allow facility personnel to discover discharges
that occur at night.
NOTE 2—Lighting may not be helpful for security where a perpetrator has no fear of being caught and there are no patrols or other surveillance.
7.3 The lighting system used to provide the required illumination levels should be designed to provide the average illumination
when the lighting is in operation.
8. Keywords
8.1 fencing; lighting; SPCC plan; tank farm security; tank farm security fencing; tank farm security lighting
NFPA, National Fire Protection Association, 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02169. https://www.nfpa.org/
International Building Code, by the International Code Council, 4051 Flossmoor Road, Country Club Hills, IL 60478. https://codes.iccsafe.org/
Illumination Society of North America, 120 Wall St. Fl 17, New York, NY 10005-4026. https://www.ies.org/
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APPENDIXES
(Nonmandatory Information)
X1. CHAIN-LINK FENCING DETAILS
INTRODUCTION
This appendix covers chain-link fencing details. It is being provided f
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