ASTM A568/A568M-19a

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:A568/A568M −19a
Standard Specification for
Steel, Sheet, Carbon, Structural, and High-Strength, Low-
Alloy, Hot-Rolled and Cold-Rolled, General Requirements
for
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA568/A568M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
standard. However, under SI the preferred term is mass.
1. Scope*
1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
1.1 This specification covers the general requirements for
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
steel sheet in coils and cut lengths. It applies to the following
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
specifications that describe carbon steel, structural steel, and
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
high-strength, low-alloy steel (HSLA) furnished as hot-rolled
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
sheet and cold-rolled sheet: Specifications A414/A414M,
with the standard.
A424/A424M, A606/A606M, A659/A659M, A794/A794M,
A1008/A1008M, A1011/A1011M, and A1039/A1039M.
1.7 This specification and the applicable material specifica-
tions are expressed in both inch-pound units and SI units.
1.2 This specification is not applicable to hot-rolled heavy-
However, unless the order specifies the applicable “M” speci-
thickness carbon sheet coils (Specification A635/A635M).
fication designation (SI units), the material shall be furnished
1.3 Incaseofanyconflictinrequirements,therequirements
to inch-pound units.
of the individual material specification shall prevail over those
1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-
of this general specification.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.4 For the purposes of determining conformance with this
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
and the appropriate product specification referenced in 1.1,
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
measuredvalues,calculatedvalues,orobservedvaluesshallbe
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
rounded to the nearest unit in the right hand place of figures
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
used in expressing the limiting values in accordance with the
rounding method of Practice E29. 2. Referenced Documents
1.4.1 Ordered values, identified in tables, specified such as 2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
over 30 through 48 or 30 exclusive to 48 inclusive, covers all
A370Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
ordered values specified as 30.1, 30.01, 30.001, etc., up to and
of Steel Products
including 48.000 etc., but does not cover ordered values
A414/A414MSpecification for Steel, Sheet, Carbon, and
specified as 30.000 etc., or less, nor does it cover ordered
High-Strength, Low-Alloy for Pressure Vessels
values specified as 48.1, 48.01, 48.001, etc.
A424/A424MSpecification for Steel, Sheet, for Porcelain
1.5 AnnexA1listspermissiblevariationsindimensionsand Enameling
mass(seeNote1)inSI[metric]units.Thevalueslistedarenot A606/A606MSpecification for Steel, Sheet and Strip, High-
exact conversions of the values listed in the inch-pound tables, Strength, Low-Alloy, Hot-Rolled and Cold-Rolled, with
butinsteadareroundedorrationalizedvalues.Conformanceto Improved Atmospheric Corrosion Resistance
Annex A1 is mandatory when the “M” specification is used. A635/A635M Specification for Steel, Sheet and Strip,
Heavy-Thickness Coils, Hot-Rolled, Alloy, Carbon,
NOTE 1—The term weight is used when inch-pound units are the
Structural, High-Strength Low-Alloy, and High-Strength
Low-Alloy with Improved Formability, General Require-
ments for
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
Stainless Steel and RelatedAlloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.19 on Steel Sheet and Strip. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2019. Published November 2019. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1966. Last previous edition approved in 2019 as A568/A568M–19. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/A0568_A0568M-19A. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
A568/A568M−19a
A659/A659MSpecification for Commercial Steel (CS), 3.1.2.1 Discussion—In all carbon steels small quantities of
Sheet and Strip, Carbon (0.16 Maximum to 0.25 Maxi- certain residual elements unavoidably retained from raw ma-
mum Percent), Hot-Rolled terialsaresometimesfoundwhicharenotspecifiedorrequired,
A700Guide for Packaging, Marking, and Loading Methods such as copper, nickel, molybdenum, chromium, and so forth.
for Steel Products for Shipment These elements are considered as incidental and are not
A751Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemi- normally determined or reported.
cal Analysis of Steel Products
3.1.3 high-strength, low-alloy steel, n—specific group of
A794/A794MSpecification for Commercial Steel (CS),
steels in which higher strength, and in some cases additional
Sheet, Carbon (0.16% Maximum to 0.25% Maximum),
resistance to atmospheric corrosion or improved formability,
Cold-Rolled
are obtained by moderate amounts of one or more alloying
A941TerminologyRelatingtoSteel,StainlessSteel,Related
elements.
Alloys, and Ferroalloys
3.1.4 Product Types:
A1008/A1008MSpecification for Steel, Sheet, Cold-Rolled,
3.1.5 hot-rolled sheet, n—manufactured by hot-rolling slabs
Carbon, Structural, High-Strength Low-Alloy, High-
in a continuous mill to the required thickness and can be
Strength Low-Alloy with Improved Formability, Solution
supplied in coils or cut lengths as specified.
Hardened, and Bake Hardenable
(1) Hot-rolled carbon steel sheet is commonly classified by
A1011/A1011MSpecification for Steel, Sheet and Strip,
size as follows:
Hot-Rolled, Carbon, Structural, High-Strength Low-
Coils and Cut Lengths
Alloy, High-Strength Low-Alloy with Improved
Width, in. Thickness, in.
Formability, and Ultra-High Strength
A
All Widths 0.027 to 0.230, excl
A1030/A1030MPractice for Measuring Flatness Character-
A
istics of Steel Sheet Products
Hot-rolled sheet in coils and cut lengths less than 12 in. in width must have cut
edges. Hot-rolled material with mill edges 12 in. and less in width is considered
A1039/A1039MSpecification for Steel, Sheet, Hot Rolled,
hot-rolled strip.
Carbon, Commercial, Structural, and High-Strength Low-
Coils and Cut Lengths
Alloy, Produced by Twin-Roll Casting Process
Width, mm Thickness, mm
A
A1073/A1073MPractice for Using Hand Micrometers to
All Widths 0.7 to 6.0, excl
Measure the Thickness of Uncoated Steel Sheet and
A
Hot-rolled sheet in coils and cut lengths less than 300 mm. in width must have
Nonmetallic and Metallic-Coated Steel Sheet
cut edges. Hot-rolled material with mill edges 300 mm and less in width is
E11Specification forWovenWireTest Sieve Cloth andTest
considered hot-rolled strip.
Sieves
(2) Hot-rolled high-strength low-alloy steel sheet is com-
E29Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
monly classified by size as follows:
Determine Conformance with Specifications
Coils and Cut Lengths
E59Practice for Sampling Steel and Iron for Determination
Width, in. Thickness, in.
of Chemical Composition (Withdrawn 1996)
A
All Widths 0.031 to 0.230, excl
E290Test Methods for Bend Testing of Material for Ductil-
A
ity
Hot-rolled sheet in coils and cut lengths less than 12 in. in width must have cut
edges. Hot-rolled material with mill edges 12 in. and less in width is considered
2.2 Military Standards:
hot-rolled strip.
MIL-STD-129Marking for Shipment and Storage
Coils and Cut Lengths
2.3 Federal Standards: Width, in. Thickness, mm
A
All Widths 0.8 to 6.0, excl
Fed. Std. No. 123Marking for Shipments (Civil Agencies)
A
Hot-rolledsheetincoilsandcutlengthslessthan300mminwidthmusthavecut
3. Terminology
edges. Hot-rolled material with mill edges 300 mm and less in width is considered
hot-rolled strip.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 Steel Types: NOTE 2—The changes in width limits with the publication of A568/
A568M–06a result in a change in tensile testing direction for material
3.1.2 carbon steel, n—designation for steel when no mini-
from 0.180 in. [4.5 mm] to 0.230 in. exclusive [6.0 mm exclusive] over
mumcontentisspecifiedorrequiredforaluminum,chromium,
48in. [1200 mm] wide. Material formerly tested in the transverse
cobalt, columbium, molybdenum, nickel, titanium, tungsten,
direction will be tested in the longitudinal direction. This is expected to
vanadium,zirconium,oranyelementaddedtoobtainadesired
result in some changes in reported properties.The purchaser is advised to
alloying effect; when the specified minimum for copper does discuss this change with the supplier.
notexceed0.40%;orwhenthemaximumcontentspecifiedfor
3.1.6 cold-rolled sheet, n—manufactured from hot-rolled
any of the following elements does not exceed the percentages
descaled coils by cold reducing to the desired thickness,
noted: manganese 1.65, silicon 0.60, or copper 0.60.
generally followed by annealing to recrystallize the grain
structure. If the sheet is not annealed after cold reduction it is
known as full hard with a hardness of 84 HRB minimum and
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
canbeusedforcertainapplicationswhereductilityandflatness
www.astm.org.
are not required.
Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,
(1) Cold-rolled carbon sheet is commonly classified by size
Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http://
www.dodssp.daps.mil. as follows:
A568/A568M−19a
3.1.10 coil processor, n—the organization that directly con-
Width, in. Thickness, in.
A,B
All Widths Through 0.142
trolsorisresponsibleforoperationsinvolvedinprocessingthe
coil such as leveling, cutting to length, testing, inspection,
Width, mm Thickness, mm
A,B
blanking, slitting, pickling, cold rolling (cold reduction), heat
All Widths Through 4.0
treating, temper rolling, coating, packaging, marking, loading
A
Cold-rolled sheet coils and cut lengths, slit from wider coils with cut edge (only)
for shipment, and certification.
and in thicknesses through 0.142 in. [4.0 mm] carbon 0.25 % maximum by cast
3.1.10.1 Discussion—Theprocessingoperationsneednotbe
analysis.
B
When no special edge or finish (other than matte, commercial bright, or luster controlledbytheorganizationthathotrollstheslabintoacoil.
finish) or single strand rolling of widths, or both under 24 in. [600 mm] is not
If only one organization controls or is responsible for (or both)
specified or required.
the hot-rolling and processing operations, that organization is
(2) Cold-rolled high-strength low-alloy sheet is commonly
termed the manufacturer. If more than one organization con-
classified by size as follows:
trols or is responsible for (or both) hot-rolling and processing
Width, in. Thickness, in. operations,theorganizationthatcontrolsandisresponsiblefor
A
Through 12 0.019 through 0.082
the hot-rolling is termed the hot roll manufacturer and the
B
Over 12 0.020 and over
organization or organizations controlling and responsible for
Width, mm Thickness, mm the processing operations is/are termed the processor or pro-
A
To 300, incl 0.5 to 2.0, incl
cessors. Likewise, one organization may be the manufacturer
B
Over 300 0.5 and Over
ofthehotrollcoilandanotherthemanufacturerofthecoldroll
A coil. In such case, the organization responsible for the conver-
Cold-rolled sheet coils and cut lengths, slit from wider coils with cut edge (only)
and in thicknesses 0.019 in. [0.5 mm] through 0.082 in. [2.0 mm] carbon 0.25 % sion of the hot roll coil to a cold roll coil and other processing
maximum by cast analysis.
operations will also be termed the cold roll manufacturer and
B
When no special edge or finish (other than matte, commercial bright, or luster
organizations performing additional processing operations to
finish) or single strand rolling of widths, or both under 24 in. [600 mm] is not
specified or required.
the cold roll coil will be termed the coil processor or coil
processors.
3.1.6.1 Discussion—Steel products are available in various
thickness, width, and length combinations depending upon 3.1.11 hot roll manufacturer, n—the organization that di-
equipment and processing capabilities of various manufactur- rectly controls or is responsible for the conversion of steel
ersandprocessors.Historiclimitationsofaproductbasedupon slabs, by hot-rolling into coils, and for one or more additional
dimensions (thickness, width, and length) do not take into operations such as leveling, cutting to length, testing,
account current production and processing capabilities. To inspection, blanking, slitting, pickling, cold rolling, heat
qualify any product for a particular product specification treating, coating, packaging, marking, loading for shipment,
requires all appropriate and necessary tests be performed and
and certification.
that the results meet the limits prescribed in that product
3.1.12 cold roll manufacturer, n—the organization that di-
specification. If the necessary tests required by a product
rectly controls or is responsible for the conversion of hot roll
specification cannot be conducted, the product cannot be
coils into cold roll coils, and for one or more additional
qualifiedtothatspecification.Thisgeneralrequirementsspeci-
operations such as pickling, annealing, temper rolling, slitting,
fication contains permitted variations for the commonly avail-
cutting to length, testing, inspection, blanking, coating,
able sizes. Permitted variations for other sizes are subject to
packaging, marking, loading for shipment, and certification.
agreement between the customer and the manufacturer or
3.2 Refer toTerminology A941 for additional definitions of
processor, whichever is applicable.
terms used in this standard.
3.1.7 retests, n—additional test, or tests, made from the
original material when the original test did not meet the 4. Materials and Manufacture
appropriate acceptance criteria required by a product specifi-
4.1 Unless otherwise specified, hot-rolled material shall be
cationandthefailurewasmechanicalinnaturesasdescribedin
furnished hot-rolled, not annealed, not pickled.
Section 11.
4.2 Coil breaks, stretcher strains, and fluting can occur
3.1.8 resample, n—additional test or tests made when the
during the user’s processing of hot-rolled or hot-rolled pickled
test on the original sample did not meet the appropriate
sheet. When any of these features are detrimental to the
acceptance criteria required by the product specification, but
application, the manufacturer shall be notified at time of
possibly requiring that the material in question have an
ordering in order to properly process the sheet.
appropriateamountdiscardedpriortosecuringthenewsample
4.3 Cold-rolled carbon steel sheet is available as discussed
or samples.
in 10.2, 10.3, and in Table 1.
3.1.9 steel manufacturer, n—the organization that directly
controls or is responsible for the melting and refining of steel 4.4 Unlessspecifiedasafull-hardproduct,cold-rolledsheet
andtheconversionofthatsteelintosemifinishedsteelproducts is annealed after being cold reduced to thickness. The
knownasslabseitherthroughcontinuouscasting,conventional annealed, cold-rolled sheet can be used as annealed last (dead
or compact methods, or ingot casting and subsequent conver- soft) for unexposed end-use applications. When cold-rolled
sion of the ingots to slabs, and for one or more additional sheet is used for unexposed applications and coil breaks are a
operations such as testing, marking, loading for shipment, and hazard in uncoiling, it may be necessary to further process the
certification. material. In this case the manufacturer should be consulted.
A568/A568M−19a
TABLE 1 Cold-Rolled Sheet Steel Class Comparison
Exposed Unexposed
Major imperfections:
Cut lengths Mill rejects Mill rejects
Coils Purchaser accepts within the manufacturer’s published Purchaser accepts within the manufacturer’s published
standards (policy) standards (policy)
Minor imperfections:
Cut lengths Mill rejections repetitive imperfections. May contain random Purchaser accepts all minor imperfections
imperfections which the purchaser accepts within the
manufacturer’s published standards (policy)
Coils Purchaser accepts within the manufacturer’s published Purchaser accepts all minor imperfections
standards (policy)
Finish Matte unless otherwise specified Purchaser accepts all finishes
Special oils May be specified May not be specified
Thickness, width and length tolerance:
Standard Will be met Will be met
Restricted May be specified May not be specified
Flatness tolerance:
Standard Will be met Will be met (temper rolled) Not guaranteed—normally
within twice standard (annealed last)
Restricted squareness May be specified May not be specified
Coil wraps Purchaser accepts within the manufacturer’s published Purchaser accepts all
standards (policy)
Coil welds Purchaser accepts within the manufacturer’s published Purchaser accepts within the manufacturer’s published
standards (policy) standards (policy)
Outside inspection May be specified May not be specified
Special testing May be specified May not be specified
After annealing, cold-rolled sheet is generally given a light sitions are required for carbon steel, they shall be prepared in
skin pass to impart shape or may be given a heavier skin pass accordance with Appendix X2.
or temper pass to prevent the phenomenon known as stretcher
5.1.2 Where the material is used for fabrication by welding,
straining or fluting, when formed. Temper passing also pro-
caremustbeexercisedinselectionofchemicalcompositionor
vides a required surface texture.
mechanical properties to assure compatibility with the welding
process and its effect on altering the properties.
4.5 Temper Rolling:
4.5.1 Unless otherwise specified, cold-rolled sheet for ex-
5.2 Cast or Heat Analysis:
posed applications shall be temper rolled and is usually
5.2.1 An analysis of each cast or heat of steel shall be made
specified and furnished in the strain free condition as shipped
by the steel manufacturer to determine the percentage of
(see Appendix X1).
elements specified or restricted by the applicable specification.
4.5.2 Cold-rolled sheet for unexposed applications may be
5.2.2 When requested, cast or heat analysis for elements
specified and furnished “annealed last” or “temper rolled.”
listed or required shall be reported to the purchaser or to his
“Annealed last” is normally produced without temper rolling
representative. The steel manufacturer, or the hot roll
but may be lightly temper rolled during oiling or rewinding.
manufacturer, cold roll manufacturer, or processor, if different
Unexposed temper-rolled material may be specified strain-free
from the steel manufacturer, is responsible for providing this
or nonfluting. Where specific hardness range or limit or a
informationtothepurchaserorhisrepresentativeasrequested.
specified surface texture is required, the application is consid-
5.3 Product, Check, or Verification Analysis:
ered as exposed.
5.3.1 Non-killed steels such as capped or rimmed steels are
NOTE 3—Skin-passed sheet is subject to an aging phenomenon (see
not technologically suited to product analysis due to the
Appendix X1). Unless special killed (nonaging) steel is specified, it is to
nonuniformcharacteroftheirchemicalcomposition;therefore,
the user’s interest to fabricate the sheet as soon as possible, for optimum
performance. the tolerances in Table 2 do not apply. Product analysis is
appropriateonthesetypesofsteelonlywhenmisapplicationis
5. Chemical Composition
apparent or for copper when copper steel is specified.
5.1 Limits: 5.3.2 For steels other than non-killed (capped or rimmed),
5.1.1 Thechemicalcompositionshallbeinaccordancewith product analysis may be made by the purchaser. The chemical
the applicable product specification. However, if other compo- analysis shall not vary from the limits specified by more than
A568/A568M−19a
TABLE 2 Tolerances for Product Analysis
must analyze chips taken from the steel in the condition in
Tolerance which it is received from the steel manufacturer.
Limit, or Maximum of
Under Over
Element
5.5 Specimen Preparation—Drillingsorchipsmustbetaken
Specified Element, %
Minimum Maximum
without the application of water, oil, or other lubricant, and
Limit Limit
must be free of scale, grease, dirt, or other foreign substances.
Carbon to 0.15 incl 0.02 0.03
over 0.15 to 0.40 incl 0.03 0.04
They must not be overheated during cutting to the extent of
over 0.40 to 0.80 incl 0.03 0.05
causing decarburization. Chips must be well mixed and those
over 0.80 0.03 0.06
too coarse to pass a No. 10 sieve or too fine to remain on a
Manganese to 0.60 incl 0.03 0.03
No.30 sieve are not suitable for proper analysis. Sieve size
over 0.60 to 1.15 incl 0.04 0.04
numbers are in accordance with Specification E11.
over 1.15 to 1.65 incl 0.05 0.05
5.6 Test Methods—In case a referee analysis is required and
A
Phosphorus . . . 0.01
agreed upon to resolve a dispute concerning the results of a
A
Sulfur . . . 0.01 chemical analysis, the procedure of performing the referee
analysis must be in accordance with the latest issue of Test
Silicon to 0.30 incl 0.02 0.03
Methods, Practices, and Terminology A751, unless otherwise
over 0.30 to 0.60 incl 0.05 0.05
agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
A
Copper 0.02 . . .
6. Mechanical Properties
A
Nickel to 1.00 incl . . . 0.03
6.1 The mechanical property requirements, number of
A
Chromium to 0.90 incl . . . 0.04
specimens, test locations, and specimen orientation shall be in
A
accordance with the applicable product specification.
Molybdenum to 0.20 incl . . . 0.01
6.2 Unless otherwise specified in the applicable product
B B
Vanadium to 0.10 incl 0.01 0.01
specification, test specimens must be prepared in accordance
B B
Columbium (Niobium) to 0.10 incl 0.01 0.01
with Test Methods and Definitions A370.
A B
Titanium to 0.15 incl 0.01 0.01 6.3 Mechanical tests shall be conducted in accordance with
Test Methods and Definitions A370.
C A
Aluminum to 0.10 incl 0.03 .
6.4 Bend tests where required shall be conducted in com-
Nitrogen to 0.030 incl 0.005 0.005
pliance with Test Methods E290.
A
Where an ellipsis (. . .) appears in the table, the requirements have not been
6.5 To determine conformance with the product
defined.
B
If the minimum of the range is 0.01 %, the under tolerance is 0.005 %.
specification, a calculated value should be rounded to the
C
If the minimum of the range is 0.01 %, the under tolerance is 0.005 % and if the
nearest 1 ksi tensile strength and yield point or yield strength,
minimum of the range is 0.02 %, the under tolerance is 0.01 %.
andtothenearestunitintherighthandplaceoffiguresusedin
expressing the limiting value for other values in accordance
with the rounding off method given in Practice E29.
the amounts in Table 2. The several determinations of any
element in a cast shall not vary both above and below the 6.6 Structural sheet steels are commonly fabricated by cold
bending. There are many interrelated factors that affect the
specified range.
ability of a given steel to cold form over a given radius under
5.4 Sampling for Product Analysis:
shop conditions. These factors include thickness, strength
5.4.1 To indicate adequately the representative composition
level, degree of restraint, relationship to rolling direction,
of a cast by product analysis, it is general practice to select
chemistry, and microstructure. Each of the appropriate product
samples to represent the steel, as fairly as possible, from a
specifications lists in the appendix the suggested minimum
minimum number of pieces as follows: 3 pieces for lots up to
inside radius for cold bending. These radii should be used as
15 tons incl, and 6 pieces for lots over 15 tons (see Practice
minima for 90° bends. They presuppose “hard way” bending
E59).
(bend axis parallel to rolling direction) and reasonably good
5.4.2 When the steel is subject to tension test requirements,
shop forming practices. Where possible, the use of larger radii
samples for product analysis may be taken either by drilling
or “easy way” bends are recommended for improved perfor-
entirelythroughtheusedtensiontestspecimensthemselves,or
mance.
as covered in 5.4.3.
5.4.3 When the steel is not subject to tension test 6.7 Fabricators should be aware that cracks may initiate
upon bending a sheared or burned edge.This is not considered
requirements, the samples for analysis must be taken by
milling or drilling entirely through the sheet in a sufficient to be a fault of the steel but is rather a function of the induced
cold-work or heat-affected zone.
number of places so that the samples are representative of the
entiresheetorstrip.Thesamplingmaybefacilitatedbyfolding
7. General Requirements for Delivery
the sheet both ways, so that several samples may be taken at
one drilling. Steel subjected to certain heating operations by 7.1 The products covered by this specification are produced
the purchaser may not give chemical analysis results that to inch-pound or metric decimal thickness only and the
properly represent its original composition. Therefore, users appropriate thickness tolerances apply.
A568/A568M−19a
7.2 Steel may be produced as ingot-cast or strand-cast. particular contour. They may also contain some edge
Whendifferentgradesofstrand-caststeelaresequentiallycast, imperfections, the more common types of which are cracked
identification and separation of the transition material is edges,thinedges(feather),anddamagededgesduetohandling
required. or processing and which should not extend in beyond the
ordered width. These edge conditions are detrimental where
8. Dimensions, Tolerances, and Allowances
joining of the mill edges by welding is practiced. When the
purchaser intends to shear or to blank, a sufficient width
8.1 Dimensions, tolerances, and allowances applicable to
allowance should be made when purchasing to ensure obtain-
products covered by this specification are contained in Tables
ing the desired contour and size of the pattern sheet. The
3-20 [Annex A1, Tables A1.1-A1.17]. The appropriate toler-
manufacturermaybeconsultedforguidance.Cutedgesarethe
ance tables shall be identified in each individual specification.
normal edges which result from the shearing, slitting, or
8.2 The appropriate thickness tolerance tables for measure-
trimming of mill-edge sheet.
ments taken ⁄8 in. [10 mm] from the edge are found in Section
9.1.1.1 The ends of plain hot-rolled mill-edge coils are
S1 of the Supplementary Requirements in this specification.
irregularinshapeandarereferredtoasuncroppedends.Where
See the appropriate product specification for instructions on
such ends are not acceptable, the purchaser’s order should so
how to specify.
specify. Processed coils such as pickled or blast cleaned are
8.3 When thickness is measured using hand held microm-
supplied with square-cut ends.
eters refer to Practice A1073/A1073M.
9.2 Cold-rolledcarbonsheet(exposed)isintendedforthose
8.4 Flatness Tolerances:
applications where surface appearance is of primary impor-
8.4.1 StandardflatnesstolerancesarecontainedinTables13
tance. This class will meet requirements for controlled surface
and 14 for hot-rolled sheet and Table 20 for cold-rolled sheet.
texture, surface quality, and flatness. It is normally processed
8.4.2 Measurement techniques for flatness characteristics
by the manufacturer to be free of stretcher strain and fluting.
are described in Practice A1030/A1030M.
Subsequent user roller leveling immediately before fabrication
8.4.3 Twoalternativemethodsforflatnessdeterminationare
will minimize strain resulting from aging.
the use of I-units and percent steepness.Adescription of these
9.2.1 Cold-rolled carbon sheet, when ordered for exposed
two alternative methods is contained in Practice A1030/
applications, can be supplied in the following finishes:
A1030M, as well as Appendix X5.
9.2.1.1 Matte finish is a dull finish, without luster, produced
8.4.3.1 The use of I-units or percent steepness as a flatness
by rolling on rolls that have been roughened by mechanical or
standard is subject to negotiation between the purchaser and
chemical means to various degrees of surface texture depend-
the producer.
ing upon application. With some surface preparation matte
8.4.3.2 Measurement techniques for I-units, percent
finish is suitable for decorative painting. It is not generally
steepness, and rejection limits are subject to negotiation
recommended for bright plating.
between the purchaser and the producer.
9.2.1.2 Commercial bright finish is a relatively bright finish
9. Finish and Condition
havingasurfacetextureintermediatebetweenthatofmatteand
luster finish.With some surface preparation commercial bright
9.1 Hot-rolled sheet has a surface with an oxide or scale
finish is suitable for decorative painting or certain plating
resultingfromthehot-rollingoperation.Theoxideorscalecan
applications. If sheet is deformed in fabrication the surface
be removed by pickling or blast cleaning when required for
may roughen to some degree and areas so affected will require
press-work operations or welding. Hot-rolled and hot-rolled
surface preparation to restore surface texture to that of the
descaled sheet is not generally used for exposed parts where
undeformed areas.
surface is of prime importance.
9.1.1 Hot-rolledsheetcanbesuppliedwithmilledgesorcut 9.2.1.3 Luster finish is a smooth bright finish produced by
edges as specified. Mill edges are the natural edges resulting rollingongroundrollsandissuitablefordecorativepaintingor
from the hot-rolling operation. They do not conform to any plating with additional special surface preparation by the user.
TABLE 3 List of Tables for Dimensions, Tolerances, and Allowances
A
Carbon and High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel
Table No.
Dimensions Hot-Rolled Sheet Cold-Rolled Sheet
Inch-Pound Units SI Units Inch-Pound Units SI Units
Camber tolerances 10 A1.7 10, 19 A1.7, A1.16
Diameter tolerances of sheared circles 9 A1.6 9 A1.6
Flatness tolerances 13, 14 A1.10, A1.11 20 A1.17
Length tolerances 8 A1.5 16, 17 A1.13, A1.14
Out-of-square tolerances 11 A1.8 11 A1.8
Restricted squareness tolerances 12 A1.9 12 A1.9
Thickness tolerances 4, 5, S1.1, S1.2 A1.1, A1.2, S1.4, S1.5 15, S1.3 A1.12, S1.6
Width tolerances of cut edge 7 A1.4 7, 18 A1.4, A1.15
Width tolerances of mill edge 6 A1.3 . . .
A
Tolerances for hot-rolled carbon sheet steel with 0.25 % maximum carbon, cast or heat analysis.
A568/A568M−19a
TABLE 4 Thickness Tolerances for Hot-Rolled Sheet (Carbon and Structural Steel Only)— ⁄8-in. (Cut Edge) and 1-in. (Mill Edge)
Minimum Edge Distance (Coils and Cut Lengths, Including Pickled)
NOTE 1—Thickness is measured at any point across the width not less than ⁄8 in. from a cut edge and not less than 1 in. from a mill edge. This table
does not apply to the uncropped ends of mill edge coils.
NOTE 2—Micrometers used for measurement of thickness shall be constructed with anvils and spindles having minimum diameters of 0.188in.
[4.80mm].The tip of the spindle shall be flat, and the tip of the anvil shall be flat or rounded with a minimum radius of curvature of 0.10 in. [2.55 mm].
Micrometers with pointed tips are not suitable for thickness measurements.
NOTE 3—The thickness of material <2 in. wide shall be measured at mid-width.
A
Specified Ordered Thickness, in.
0.027 to 0.051, Over 0.051 to 0.057, Over 0.057 to 0.071, Over 0.071 to 0.098, Over 0.098 to 0.180, 0.180 to 0.230,
Specified Width, in.
incl incl incl incl excl excl
B
Thickness Tolerances Over, in., No Tolerance Under
To 20 incl 0.008 0.008 0.009 0.009 0.010 0.010
Over 20 to 40, incl 0.008 0.008 0.009 0.010 0.010 0.012
Over 40 to 48, incl 0.008 0.009 0.009 0.010 0.012 0.014
C
Over 48 to 60, incl . . . 0.009 0.010 0.010 0.012 0.015
C
Over 60 to 72, incl . . . 0.010 0.010 0.012 0.012 0.016
C C C
Over 72 . . . . . 0.012 0.012 0.018
A
The specified thickness range captions apply independent of whether the ordered thickness is stated as a nominal or minimum.
B
The tolerances provided in the table are based on minimum thickness (tolerance over, no tolerance under). For nominal thickness, the tolerance is divided equally over
and under.
C
Where an ellipsis (. . .) appears in the table, the requirements have not been defined.
TABLE 5 Thickness Tolerances for Hot-Rolled Sheet (High-Strength, Low-Alloy Steel)— ⁄8-in. (Cut Edge) and 1-in. (Mill Edge) Minimum
Edge Distance (Coils and Cut Lengths, Including Pickled)
NOTE 1—Thickness is measured at any point across the width not less than ⁄8 in. from a cut edge and not less than 1 in. from a mill edge. This table
does not apply to the uncropped ends of mill edge coils.
NOTE 2—Micrometers used for measurement of thickness shall be constructed with anvils and spindles having minimum diameters of 0.188in.
[4.80mm].The tip of the spindle shall be flat, and the tip of the anvil shall be flat or rounded with a minimum radius of curvature of 0.10 in. [2.55 mm].
Micrometers with pointed tips are not suitable for thickness measurements.
NOTE 3—The thickness of material <2 in. wide shall be measured at mid-width.
A
Specified Ordered Thickness, in.
Over 0.070 Over 0.082 Over 0.098
0.031 to 0.051, Over 0.051 to Over 0.059 to 0.180 to
Specified Width, in. to 0.082, to 0.098, to 0.180,
incl 0.059, incl 0.070, incl 0.230, excl
incl incl excl
B
Thickness Tolerances All Over, in., No Tolerance Under
To 15, incl 0.008 0.009 0.009 0.009 0.009 0.010 0.010
Over 15 to 20, incl 0.008 0.009 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.012 0.012
Over 20 to 32, incl 0.009 0.009 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.012 0.014
Over 32 to 40, incl 0.009 0.009 0.010 0.010 0.012 0.012 0.014
Over 40 to 48, incl 0.009 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.012 0.015 0.015
C
Over 48 to 60, incl . . . 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.012 0.015 0.015
C C
Over 60 to 72, incl . . . . 0.012 0.012 0.014 0.016 0.016
C C C
Over 72 to 80, incl . . . . . 0.012 0.014 0.018 0.018
C C C C C
Over 80 . . . . . . 0.015 0.018 0.018
A
The specified thickness range captions apply independent of whether the ordered thickness is stated as a nominal or minimum.
B
The tolerances provided in the table are based on minimum thickness (tolerance over, no tolerance under). For nominal thickness, the tolerance is divided equally over
and under.
C
Where an ellipsis (. . .) appears in the table, the requirements have not been defined.
The luster may not be retained after fabrication; therefore, the cold-rolled sheet may contain more surface imperfections than
formed parts will require surface preparation to make them
exposed cold-rolled sheet because steel applications, process-
suitable for bright plating.
ing procedures, and inspection standards are less stringent.
9.3 Cold-rolled carbon sheet, when intended for unexposed
9.4 Cold-rolled high-strength low-alloy sheet is supplied
applications, is not subject to limitations on degree and
with a matte finish, unless otherwise specified.
frequency of surface imperfections, and restrictions on texture
9.5 The cold-rolled products covered by this specification
and mechanical properties are not applicable.When ordered as
“annealed last,” the product will have coil breaks and a are furnished with cut edges and square cut ends, unless
tendency toward fluting and stretcher straining. Unexposed otherwise specified.
A568/A568M−19a
A
TABLE 6 Width Tolerances of Hot-Rolled Mill Edge Sheet (All TABLE 9 Diameter Tolerances of Circles Sheared from Hot-Rolled
Designations)
(Including Pickled) and Cold-Rolled Sheet (Over 12 in. Width) (All
(Coils and Cut Lengths, Including Pickled)
Designations)
Carbon
Tolerances Over Specified Diameter, in. (No
Tolerances Over
Tolerances Under)
A
Specified Thickness, in.
Specified Width, in. Specified Width, in.
Over 30 to 48
Under 30 Over 48
No Tolerance Under
incl
1 1 3
0.044 to 0.057 incl ⁄16 ⁄8 ⁄16
Over 12 to 14 incl ⁄16
3 5 7
1 Over 0.057 to 0.098 incl ⁄32 ⁄32 ⁄32
Over 14 to 17 incl ⁄2
1 3 1
9 Over 0.098 ⁄8 ⁄16 ⁄4
Over 17 to 19 incl ⁄16
Over 19 to 21 incl ⁄8 A
0.071 in. minimum thickness for hot-rolled high-strength low-alloy steel sheet.
Over 21 to 24 incl ⁄16
Over 24 to 26 incl ⁄16
Over 26 to 30 incl ⁄16
A
Over 30 to 50 incl 1 ⁄8 TABLE 10 Camber Tolerances for Hot-Rolled (Including Pickled)
and Cold-Rolled Sheet (All Designations)
Over 50 to 78 incl 1 ⁄2
7 (Cut Lengths)
Over 78 1 ⁄8
High-Strength Low-Alloy
NOTE1—Camberisthegreatestdeviationofasideedgefromastraight
Over 12 to 14 incl ⁄16
line,themeasurementbeingtakenontheconcavesidewithastraightedge.
Over 14 to 17 incl ⁄2
Over 17 to 19 incl ⁄16
Cut Length, ft Camber Tolerances, in.
Over 19 to 21 incl ⁄8
To4incl ⁄8
Over 21 to 24 incl ⁄16
Over 4 to 6 incl ⁄16
Over 24 to 26 incl ⁄16
Over 6 to 8 incl ⁄4
Over 26 to 28 incl ⁄16
Over 8 to 10 incl ⁄16
Over 28 to 35 incl 1 ⁄8
Over 10 to 12 incl ⁄8
Over 35 to 50 incl 1 ⁄4
Over 12 to 14 incl ⁄2
Over 50 to 60 incl 1 ⁄2
Over 14 to 16 incl ⁄8
Over 60 to 65 incl 1 ⁄8
Over 16 to 18 incl ⁄4
Over 65 to 70 incl 1 ⁄4
Over 18 to 20 incl ⁄8
Over 70 to 80 incl 1 ⁄8
Over 20 to 30 incl 1 ⁄4
Over 80 2
Over 30 to 40 incl 1 ⁄2
A
The above tolerances do not apply to the uncropped ends of mill edge coils
A
The camber tolerance for coils is 1 in. in any 20 ft.
(10.1.1.1).
TABLE 11 Out-of-Square Tolerances of Hot-Rolled Cut-Edge
TABLE 7 Width Tolerances of Hot-Rolled Cut Edge Sheet (All
(Including Pickled) and Cold-Rolled Sheet (All Designations)
Widths) and Cold-Rolled Sheet (Widths Over 12 in. Only)
(Cut Lengths)
A
(All Designations)
(Coils and Cut Lengths, Including Pickled) Out-of-square is the greatest deviation of an end edge from a straight line at
right angle to a side and touching one corner. It is also obtained by measuring
Tolerances Over Specified Width, in.
Specified Width, in.
the difference between the diagonals of the cut length. The out-of-square
No Tolerance Under
deviation is one half of that difference. The tolerance for all thicknesses and all
A
To 30 incl ⁄8
sizes is ⁄16 in./6 in. of width or fraction thereof.
Over 30 to 48 incl ⁄16
Over 48 to 60 incl ⁄4
Over 60 to 80 incl ⁄16
Over 80 ⁄8
TABLE 12 Restricted Squareness Tolerances of Hot-Rolled
A
(Including Pickled) and Cold-Rolled Sheet (All Designations)
Cold Rolled widths 12 in. and less refer to Table 18.)
(Cut Lengths)
When cut lengths are specified restricted squareness, the width and the length
are not less than the dimensions specified. The individual tolerance for over-
TABLE 8 Length Tolerances of Hot-Rolled Sheet
width, over-length, camber, or out-of-square should not exceed ⁄16in.uptoand
(All Designations)
including 48 in. in width and up to and including 120 in. in length. For cut
(Cut Lengths, Including Pickled)
lengths wider or longer, the applicable tolerance is ⁄8 in.
Tolerances Over Specified
Specified Length, in. Length, in.
No Tolerance Under
To 15 incl ⁄8
Over 15 to 30 incl ⁄4
9.5.1.1 The term slit last edge is a cut edge that was
Over 30 to 60 incl ⁄2
edge-trimmed at the final process step.
Over 60 to 120 incl ⁄4
Over 120 to 156 incl 1
(1)If the purchaser requires the edge to be trimmed at the
Over 156 to 192 incl 1 ⁄4
final process step, the term slit last edge shall be shown on the
Over 192 to 240 incl 1 ⁄2
3 purchase order.
Over 240 1 ⁄4
(2)If the producer decides to trim the edge at the final
process step, without being required by the purchaser, the term
slit last edgeisnotrequired,sincethisconditionfallsunderthe
9.5.1 The term cut edge refers to the edge resulting from
term cut edge as described in 9.5.1.
trimming the hot-rolled mill edge that is formed during the
hot-rolling process.At the producer’s option, the edge shall be 9.6 Oiling:
trimmedatanyprocessstepafterthehot-rollingprocessstepto 9.6.1 Plain hot-rolled sheet is customarily furnished not
the final process step. oiled. Oiling must be specified, when required.
A568/A568M−19a
A E
TABLE 13 Flatness Tolerances of Temper Rolled, Levelled, or
product, the grade, class, and the quality ordered that will be
B
Pickled Hot-Rolled Sheet Cut Lengths (All Designations)
detrimental to the fabrication of the finished part.
C
Flatness Tolerances, in.
Specified Ordered Yield Strength,
10.2 Coils may contain some abnormal imperfections that
Specified Ordered min, ksi
Specified Ordered
render a portion of the coil unusable since the inspection of
Minimum Thickness, Over
Width, in.
in. Under 45 to 55 to 80 to coils does not afford the producer the same opportunity to
D D
45 55 Under 100
remove portions containing imperfections, as in the case with
D
cut lengths.
1 3 1
0.027 to 0.057 incl To 36 incl ⁄2 ⁄4 11 ⁄4
3 1 1 3
over 36 to 60 incl ⁄4 1 ⁄8 1 ⁄2 1 ⁄4
10.3 Surface Conditions:
1 3
over 60 1 1 ⁄2 1 ⁄4 2
10.3.1 Exposed cold-rolled sheet is intended for applica-
1 3 1
0.057 to 0.180 excl To 60 incl ⁄2 ⁄4 11 ⁄4
tions where surface appearance is of primary importance, that
3 1 1 3
over 60 to 72 incl ⁄4 1 ⁄8 1 ⁄2 1 ⁄4
1 3
is, exposed applications. Unexposed or annealed cold-rolled
over 72 1 1 ⁄2 1 ⁄4 2
sheet is intended for applications where surface appearance is
1 3 1
0.180 to 0.230 excl To 60 incl ⁄2 ⁄4 11 ⁄4
not of primary importance, that is, unexposed applications.
3 1 1 3
over 60 to 72 incl ⁄4 1 ⁄8 1 ⁄2 1 ⁄4
1 3
over 72 1 1 ⁄2 1 ⁄4 2
10.3.2 Cut lengths for exposed applications shall not in-
A
The above table also applies to lengths cut from coils by the consumer when clude individual sheets having major surface imperfections
adequate flattening operations are performed.
(holes, loose slivers, and pipe) and repetitive minor surface
B
Application of this table to product in coil form is not appropriate unless the coil
imperfections. Cut lengths may contain random minor surface
has been rolled out and adequately flattened with all coil set removed.
C
Maximum deviation from a horizontal flat surface.
imperfectionsthatcanberemovedwithareasonableamountof
D
0.071 minimum thickness of HSLA.
metal finishing by the purchaser. These imperfections shall be
E
The term Levelled also includes but is not limited to Tension Levelled, Stretcher
acceptable to the purchaser within the manufacturer’s pub-
Levelled, Roller Levelled, & Z-Mill
lished standards.
10.3.3 For coils for exposed applications, it is not possible
A
TABLE 14 Flatness Tolerances of Non-Processed Hot-rolled
to remove the surface imperfections listed in 10.3.2. Coils will
B
Sheet Cut Lengths (All Designations)
contain such imperfections which shall be acceptable to the
C
Flatness Tolerances, in.
purchaserwithinthemanufacturer’spublishedstandards.Coils
Specified Ordered Yield Strength,
min, ksi contain more surface imperfections than cut lengths because
Specified Ordered Specified Ordered
Over
the producer does not have the same opportunity to sort
Minimum Thickness, in. Width, in.
Under 45 to 55 to 80 to
D D portions containing such imperfections, as is possible with cut
45 55 Under 100
D
lengths.
1 1 1 3
0.027 to 0.057 incl To 36 incl 1 ⁄2 2 ⁄4 2 ⁄2 2 ⁄4
10.3.4 Cut lengths for unexposed applications shall not
1 3 1 3
over 36 to 60 incl 2 ⁄4 3 ⁄8 3 ⁄2 3 ⁄4
1 3
over 60 3 4 ⁄2 4 ⁄4 5 include individual sheets having major surface imperfections
such as holes, loose slivers, and pipe. In addition, unexposed
1 1 1 3
over 0.057 to 0.180 excl over 12 to 60 incl 1 ⁄2 2 ⁄4 2 ⁄2 2 ⁄4
cut lengths can be expected to contain more minor imperfec-
1 3 1 3
over 60 to 72 incl 2 ⁄4 3 ⁄8 3 ⁄2 3 ⁄4
1 3
over 72 3 4 ⁄2 4 ⁄4 5 tions such as pits, scratches, sticker breaks, edge breaks,
pinchers, cross breaks, roll marks, and other surface imperfec-
1 1 1 3
0.180 to 0.230 excl over 12 to 60 incl 1 ⁄2 2 ⁄4 2 ⁄2 2 ⁄4
tions than expos
...