ASTM D4822-88(2019)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D4822 − 88 (Reapproved 2019)
Standard Guide for
Selection of Methods of Particle Size Analysis of Fluvial
Sediments (Manual Methods)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4822; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D422 Test Method for Particle-SizeAnalysis of Soils (With-
drawn 2016)
1.1 This guide covers the selection of methods for deter-
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
mining the size distribution of fluvial sediments particles in the
D4410 Terminology for Fluvial Sediment
range greater than 0.45 µm using manual methods. Manual
D4411 Guide for Sampling Fluvial Sediment in Motion
methods are defined as those methods that require the operator
E20 Practice for Particle Size Analysis of Particulate Sub-
to do some actual measurements and calculations. An auto-
stances in the Range of 0.2 to 75 Micrometres by Optical
mated method would be one which, after the sample is
Microscopy (Withdrawn 1994)
prepared and inserted into an instrument, the instrument
(machine) does the measuring and calculations, not the opera-
3. Terminology
tor. Not all manual methods are presented in this guide.
3.1 Definitions:
However, where available, at least two methods for each
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard, refer to
particle size range are given.
Terminologies D1129 and D4410.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
3.2.1 particle count, n—a method of particle size analysis in
standard.
which the number of particles in the various size ranges are
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
counted manually.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2.2 particle size, n—the diameter, usually the intermediate
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
diameter, of a particle measured by settling, sieving,
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
micrometric, or direct measurement methods (see 5.2).
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.2.3 particle size distribution, n—the relative amount of a
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
sediment sample in a range of specific sizes in terms of
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
percentages by mass, volume, or number, finer than a given
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
particle size.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
4. Summary of Guide
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4.1 This guide consists of suggested manual test methods
2. Referenced Documents
for analyzing fluvial sediment samples for particle size distri-
2 bution.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This guide is general and useful in helping the user to
determine an appropriate manual test method for determining
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and is the particle size distribution of fluvial sediments. The sug-
the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.07 on Sediments, Geomorphology,
gested test methods are not described in this guide, but
and Open-Channel Flow.
references are given so that the user may obtain more infor-
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2019. Published January 2020. Originally
mation about each test method.
approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D4822 – 88 (2014).
DOI: 10.1520/D4822-88R19.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
Copyright ©ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA19428-2959. United States
D4822 − 88 (2019)
TABLE 1 Guide for Selection of Particle Size Analysis of Fluvial Sediments Using Manual Methods
NOTE 1—Not all test methods will give complete distribution for the size range indicated, some will only give percent finer for one or two sizes in
the indicated range. See references for more detail on each test method.
M = Results in percent by mass PC = Particle count
N = Results in percent by number of particles OPC = Optical particle count, non-microscopic
V = Results in percent by volume H = Hydrometer
BW = Bottom withdrawal M = Microscopic
P = Pipet D = Decantation
VA = Visual accumulation EW = Elutriator, water
WS = Wet sieve EA = Elutriator, air
DS = Dry sieve C = Centrifugal
BW P VA WS DS PC OPC H M D EW EA C
A
(2, 3) (2, 3) (2, 3, 4) (2, 3) (2, 5) (2) (6) (3, 7), (7, 8), (7, 9) (8, 9) (8, 9) (7, 8)
Methods/Sizes
...