ASTM A327/A327M-22

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Designation: A327/A327M − 11 (Reapproved 2017) A327/A327M − 22
Standard Test Methods for
Impact Testing of Cast Irons
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A327/A327M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 These test methods for impact testing cover the details of apparatus, test specimens, and procedures for cast iron, including
gray iron, white iron, malleable iron, ductile iron, and austempered ductile iron, but not including chilled rolls or rolls with white
iron skins.
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from
the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A327M Test Methods for Impact Testing of Cast Irons (Metric) (Withdrawn 2011)
E23 Test Methods for Notched Bar Impact Testing of Metallic Materials
TEST METHOD A – ROUND BAR CHARPY-TYPE IMPACT TEST FOR GRAY AND WHITE IRONS
3. Scope
3.1 The Charpy-type impact test shall be employed for testing gray and white irons.
4. Apparatus
4.1 The single-blow Charpy impact test for gray and white irons shall be carried out in a pendulum-type impact machine with a
capacity of at least 150 J [110 ft · lbf] as used for the simple beam test for steel described in Test Methods E23.
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A04 on Iron Castings and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A04.21 on Testing.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2017Jan. 1, 2022. Published October 2017January 2022. Originally approved in 1950. Last previous edition approved in 20112017 as
A327/A327M – 11.A327/A327M – 11 (2017). DOI: 10.1520/A0327_A0327M-11R17.10.1520/A0327_A0327M-22.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
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A327/A327M − 22
5. Test Specimens
5.1 The test specimens shall have a plain cylindrical form, machined or ground to a smooth finish, and shall conform to the
following dimensions:
Type A Type M
Diameter 28.572 ± 0.050 mm 20.00 ± 0.03 mm
[1.125 ± 0.002 in.] [0.787 ± 0.001 in.]
Length 200 ± 13 mm 120 ± 2 mm
[8.0 ± 0.5 in.] [4.73 ± 0.08 in.]
Span 152.0 ± 0.7 mm 100.0 ± 0.5 mm
[6.00 ± 0.03 in.] [3.937 ± 0.020 in.]
6. Procedure
6.1 Test the bars on the spans indicated in the tabular data of 5.1. In all other respects, the test shall conform to the appropriate
requirements of Test Methods E23.
6.2 Make the test at room temperature.
6.3 Characterization of the fracture toughness of any cast iron should be based upon testing at least three specimens.
NOTE 1—Care should be taken to examine broken specimens for indication of anvil interference, which will give erroneous results.
7. Report
7.1 The results shall be reported as ____J [ft · lbf] cast iron Charpy impact with ____ mm [in.] diameter bar.
TEST METHOD B – STANDARD CHARPY-TYPE IMPACT TEST FOR MALLEABLE AND DUCTILE IRONS
8. Scope
8.1 Either the standard notched or unnotched Charpy impact test shall be employed in testing of malleable or ductile irons.
Selection of the type bar is dependent upon the specific material to be evaluated as defined in Section 9.
8.2 Both types of Charpy bars have been designated to characterize the fracture toughness of irons. The unnotched Charpy bar,
when tested, will produce substantially higher energy values than the notchnotched bar type. The unnotched bar is therefore
specified for testing irons that have low fracture toughness characteristics.
9. Charpy Test Bar Type
9.1 Unless specified otherwise, the notched bar type specimens in Fig. 1 or Fig. 2 (for pipe-type products) shall be employed.
Exceptions are defined in 9.2 and 9.3.
9.2 The unnotched Charpy type specimen in Fig. 3 shall be employed for testing of all grades of austempered ductile iron. These
irons are tested after the austempering heat treatment.
9.3 The unnotched Charpy test specimen may be specified for other types of irons or irons that have been heat treated in various
ways other than austempering, by specific agreement between producer and purchaser.
10. Apparatus
10.1 The single-blow Charpy test for ductile and malleable iron shall be carried out in a pendulum-type impact machine with a
capacity of at least 150 J [110 ft ·
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