ASTM D1210-96(2004)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation:D1210–96(Reapproved2004)
Standard Test Method for
Fineness of Dispersion of Pigment-Vehicle Systems by
Hegman-Type Gage
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1210; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 3.2 Stepped Gage—The product is spread by means of a
scraper on a stepped gage. There are 2 delimited sections on
1.1 This test method covers measurement of the degree of
2 2
this gage, each of 6.5 cm (1 in. ) area, and of two different
dispersion (commonly referred to as “fineness of grind”) of the
depths. A count is made of the particles deposited in the two
pigment in a pigment-vehicle system such as liquid coatings
delimited areas, and cleanliness (texture) reading is deter-
and their intermediates. It may also be used to assess the
mined.
inclusion of particulates by a cleanliness (or texture) rating.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
4. Significance and Use
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
4.1 In making pigmented products, the pigment is usually
only.
dispersedinaportionofthevehicleinsomesortofmill.Atthis
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
stage, it is necessary to be able to judge if the pigment
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
agglomerates have been sufficiently broken up so as not to
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
interfere with the smoothness of the finished coating film. This
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
test method describes a way of making this judgment.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5. Apparatus
2. Referenced Documents
5.1 Tapered Gage—A hardened steel, stainless steel, or
2.1 ASTM Standards:
chrome-plated steel block (Fig. 1) approximately 170 mm (6.7
D 1316 Test Method for Fineness of Grind of Printing Inks
in.) in length, and 15 mm (0.6 in.) in thickness.The top surface
by the NPIRI Grindometer
of the block shall be ground smooth and planar and shall
3. Summary of Test Method contain one or two paths 127 mm (5 in.) in calibrated length.
The path shall be tapered uniformly in depth lengthwise from
3.1 Tapered Gage—The product is spread by means of a
about 4 mils (100 µm) at 10 mm from one end to zero depth at
scraper in a machined tapered path.At some point in this path,
the other with intermediate calibrations in accordance with the
particlesoragglomerates,orboth,willbecomevisible.Adirect
depth at those points. Preferred calibrations are Hegman units
reading from the graduated scale is then made at the point
and micrometers (Note 1). Three path widths are covered by
where the particles form a definite pattern. When the single
this test method:
path gage is used it is also possible to rate “cleanliness” (see
5.1.1 Two Parallel Paths, each 12.5-mm (0.5-in.) wide and
6.2).
spaced 0.5-in. apart centered in a block 65-mm (2.5-in.) wide
(see Fig. 1).
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint 5.1.2 One Path, 50 mm (2 in.) in width centered in a block
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of
90-mm (3.5-in.) wide (see Fig. 1).
Subcommittee D01.24 on Physical Properties of Liquid Paints and Paint Materials.
5.1.3 One Path, 25 mm (1 in.) in width centered in a block
Current edition approved July 1, 2004. Published July 2004. Originally approved
65-mm (2.5-in.) wide (see Fig. 1a).
in 1952. Last previous edition approved in 1996 as D 1210 – 96.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
NOTE 1—Several arbitrary scales and modifications of the gage are
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
usedbyindustry.Inorderthatreadingsobtainedwiththesearbitraryscales
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D1210–96 (2004)
FIG. 1 Fineness Gages
and modifications can be reported in the preferred units, the approximate
the seller. There shall be two tick marks, above and below the
relationship of these scales to gage depth is shown in the following
“step,” and spaced 25 mm (1 in.) from it.
example:
5.3 Scraper—A double-edged hardened steel, stainless
Hegman Depth, Depth, PC or FSPT NPIRI
steel, or chrome-plated steel blade (Fig. 2) 95-mm (3.75-in.)
A B B C D
Scale µm mils Scale Scale
0 100 4 0 40 long, 40-mm (1.5-in.) wide, and 6.4-mm (0.25-in.) thick. The
1 90 3.5 1 ⁄4 35
two edges on the 3.75-in. sides shall be rounded to a radius of
275 3 2 ⁄2 30
0.38 mm (0.015 in.).
3 65 2.5 3 ⁄4 25
450 2 5 20
5.4 Illumination—Thegageshallbeilluminatedforviewing
5 40 1.5 6 ⁄4 15
with a fluorescent tube, mounted approximately 250 mm (10
625 1 7 ⁄2 10
3 in.) above the gage with the length of the tube parallel to the
7 15 0.5 8 ⁄4 5
80 0 10 0
length of the gage. The tube will be mounted so that the angle
A
Sometimes referred to in error as the North Standard scale. between the plane of the gage, and the tube is 75 to 80°. A
B
Rounded to nearest 5 µm or 0.5 mil.
viewing box is not mandatory for illumination, but if one is
C
Federation of Societies for Paint Technology scale.
desired, a proposed design for a viewing box is contained in
D
National Printing Ink Research Institute scale, 0 to 10 on the NPIRI Production
Appendix X1.
Grindometer, but extended on many gages to 20 or 30 (see Test Method D 1316).
5.2 Stepped Gage—A hardened steel, stainless steel, or
6. Care of Gage
chrome-plated steel block (Fig. 1a), approximately 170 mm
(6.7 in.) in length, and 15 mm (0.6 in.) in thickness. A path 6.1 Clean the gage immediately after each use. Use a
25-mm (1-in.) wide shall be cut the length of, and centered in solvent and a soft cloth. Keep the gage covered or encased at
a block 65-mm (2.5-in.) wide. The path will be cut to two all times when not in use. Protect gages that lie idle for
different depths, each for half of its length.The two depths will extended periods of time from rust with an oil coating or oil
be 3 mils, and 1 mil, or as agreed upon between the buyer and soaked wrap.
D1210–96 (2004)
1-in. single path gage Texture Gage
FIG. 1 a Fineness Gages (continued)
edge of the scraper down on the smooth level face of the gage, then
inspecting the contact edge by means of a strong light, placed behind the
gage. Rocking the scraper forward or back will reveal poor contact due to
wear or warpage. Any light coming through between scraper and gage
face shows that the scraper has been damaged and is not satisfactory for
use.
7. Visual Standards
7.1 The diagrams in Fig. 3 are reproductions of six typical
fineness-gage patterns with the double-path gage in 5.1.1, and
they should be viewed with the purpose of standardizing the
relationshipofparticledistributiontofinenessdesignation.The
arrow in each drawing represents the end point (reading) for
that distribution. These patterns are to be used for notation of
frequency of particles and should not be interpreted according
NOTE 1—1 in. = 25.4 mm.
to the size of the dots. Although called “standards,” they are
FIG. 2 Scraper
really examples of fineness readings to be used as a guide,
since no two particle distributions will be exactly the same.
6.2 Do not allow any hard materials to come in contact with
7.2 Similarly, Fig. 4 exhibits typical fineness gage patterns
the gage surface or scraper in any manner that might result in
for the 50-mm (2-in.) gage in 5.1.2, or the 25-mm (1-in.) gage
scarring or nicking. Avoid tapping or scratching with other
in 5.1.3. These diagrams are to be used like those for the
metal.
double-path gage except that a “cleanliness” rating is also
6.3 The scraper may be rendered unsatisfactory for use by
shown. “Cleanliness” is descriptive of the number of particles
wear or nicks of the contact edge or warpage (Note 2). Replace
that appear in the path above the fineness designation. Three
or recondition unsatisfactory blades.
ratings are indicated:A(0 to 8 specks), B (9 to 15 specks), and
NOTE 2—Wear or warpage of the scraper may be noted by facing the C (16 or more specks).
D1210–96 (2004)
FIG. 3 a Typical Fineness Gage Patterns
8. Procedure—Tapered Gage 8.3 Immediately place the material to be tested in the deep
end of the pat
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