ASTM E253-12

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: E253 − 12
StandardTerminology Relating to
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Sensory Evaluation of Materials and Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E253; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
DISCUSSION—Typical examples include 2-AFC (directional different
1. Referenced Documents
test) and 3-AFC (selecting the one stimulus among a set of three that
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1.1 ASTM Standards:
differs in a defined attribute).
E284 Terminology of Appearance
alternative forced choice (AFC) test, n—method in which 2,
2. Terminology
3, or more stimuli are presented, and assessors are given a
criterion by which they are required to select one stimulus.
absolute judgment, n—an evaluation of a stimulus made
(2008)
without direct comparison to other stimuli. (2007)
DISCUSSION—Typicalexamplesinclude2-AFC(directionaldifference
acceptability/unacceptability, n—degree to which a stimulus test) and 3-AFC (selecting the one stimulus among a set of three that
differs in a defined attribute).
is judged to be favorable or unfavorable. (2006)
anchoring point, n—a reference point against which other
acuity, n—the ability to detect or discriminate sensory stimuli.
items are judged. (1996)
(2007)
anosmia, n—lack of sensitivity to odor stimuli. (1996)
adaptation, sensory, n—a decrease in sensitivity to a given
stimulus which occurs as a result of exposure to that
A–not-A test,n—amethodofdiscriminationtestingcomprised
stimulus. (2006)
of at least two samples; at least one sample is a previously
affective test, n—any method to assess acceptance, liking, identified sample (“A”) and at least one is a test sample.All
samples are presented blindly, and the assessor’s task is to
preference, or emotions for a stimulus or stimuli. (2008)
assign the label “A” or “not-A” to each of the samples.
after effects, n—total array of sensations that occur after
(2001)
removal of the stimulus from the sensing field (for example,
with foods) or after application of the stimulus (for example, antagonism, n—joint action of two or more stimuli whose
combination elicits a level of sensation lower than that
with non-foods). (2008)
expected from combining the effects of each stimulus taken
after feel, n—feel of the skin after application of a sample,
separately. (1996)
with or without touching, usually measured at a specified
time point. (2008) aroma, n—perception resulting from stimulating the olfactory
receptors; in a broader sense, the term is sometimes used to
aftertaste, n—the oral or nasal sensations that occur after the
refer to the combination of sensations resulting from stimu-
stimulus has been removed from the oral cavity. See after
lation of the entire nasal cavity. (1996)
effects. (2007)
DISCUSSION—Aroma, odor, and smell have the same basic meaning;
however, in common usage they may have different connotations.
aguesia, n—lack of sensitivity to taste stimuli. (1996)
aromatic, n—perception resulting from stimulating the olfac-
alternative forced choice (AFC), n—method in which 2, 3, or
tory receptors retronasally. (2010)
more stimuli are presented, and assessors are given a
criterion by which they are required to select one stimulus.
assessor, n—a general term for any individual responding to
(2008)
stimuli in a sensory test. (2006)
DISCUSSION—The terms assessor, judge, panelist, panel member, and
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ThisterminologyisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE18onSensory
respondent all have the same basic meaning, although sometimes
Evaluation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E18.01 on Terminology.
differentconnotations.Usageofthesetermsvarieswiththetrainingand
Current edition approved May 1, 2012. Published June 2012. Originally
experience of the investigator, habit, tradition, personal preference, and
approved in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as E253 – 11a. DOI:
other factors.
10.1520/E0253-12.
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For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
astringency, n—the complex of sensations due to shrinking,
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
drawing, or puckering of the epithelium as a result of
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. exposure to substances such as alums or tannins. (1996)
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E253 − 12
attitude, n—a predisposition to respond in a characteristic way brightness—aspect of visual perception whereby an area
toward a class of obj
...