ASTM B316/B316M-00

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: B 316/B 316M – 00
Standard Specification for
Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Rivet and Cold-Heading
Wire and Rods
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B 316/B 316M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope * Aluminum-Alloy Rivets and Cold-Heading Wire and
Rods
1.1 This specification covers wire and rod in the alloys
B 597 Practice for Heat Treatment of Aluminum Alloys
(Note 1) shown in Table 1 and the tempers shown in Table 2
B 660 Practices for Packaging/Packing of Aluminum and
[Table 3] and Table 4 [Table 5], suitable for manufacturing
Magnesium Products
rivets and other similar items by cold-heading operations.
B 666/B 666M Practice for Identification Marking of Alu-
NOTE 1—Throughout this specification the use of the term alloy in the 2
minum Products
general sense includes aluminum as well as aluminum alloy.
E 29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
NOTE 2—For rolled or cold-finished wire and rod, see Specification
Determine Conformance with Specifications
B 211, and for extruded wire and rod, see Specification B 221.
E 34 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Aluminum and
1.2 Alloy and temper designations are in accordance with
Aluminum Base Alloys
ANSI H35.1 [H35.1M]. The equivalent Unified Numbering
E 55 Practice for Sampling Wrought Nonferrous Metals and
System alloy designations are those of Table 1 preceded by A9,
Alloys for Determination of Chemical Composition
for example, A91100 for aluminum 1100 in accordance with
E 227 Test Method for Optical Emission Spectrometric
Practice E 527.
Analysis of Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys by the
1.3 For acceptance criteria for inclusion of new aluminum
Point-to-Plane Technique
and aluminum alloys in this specification, see Annex A2.
E 527 Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys (UNS)
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are to
E 607 Test Method for Optical Emission Spectrometric
be regarded separately as standard. The SI units are shown
Analysis of Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys by the
either in brackets or in separate tables. The values stated in 6
Point-to-Plane Technique, Nitrogen Atmosphere
each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system
E 716 Practices for Sampling Aluminum and Aluminum
must be used independently of the other. Combining values 6
Alloys for Spectrochemical Analysis
from the two systems will result in nonconformance with the
E 1004 Test Method for Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current)
specification. 7
Measurements of Electrical Conductivity
E 1251 Test Method for Optical Emission Spectrometric
2. Referenced Documents
Analysis of Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys by the Argon
2.1 The following documents of the issue in effect on date
Atmosphere, Point-to-Plane, Unipolar Self-Initiating Ca-
of material purchase form a part of this specification to the
pacitor Discharge
extent referenced herein:
2.3 ANSI Standards:
2.2 ASTM Standards:
H35.1 Alloy and Temper Designation Systems for Alumi-
B 557 Test Methods of Tension Testing Wrought and Cast
num
Aluminum- and Magnesium-Alloy Products
H35.1M Alloy and Temper Designation Systems for Alu-
B 557M Test Methods of Tension Testing Wrought and Cast
minum [Metric]
Aluminum- and Magnesium-Alloy Products [Metric]
H35.2 Dimensional Tolerances for Aluminum Mill Prod-
B 565 Method for Shear Testing of Aluminum and
ucts
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B07 on Light
Metals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B07.03 on Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
Aluminum Alloy Wrought Products. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.05.
Current edition approved May 10, 2000. Published August 2000. Originally Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.01.
published as B 316–57T. Last previous edition B 316/B 316M–96. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.06.
2 7
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 02.02. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.03.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
B 316/B 316M
H35.2M Dimensional Tolerances for Aluminum Mill Prod- 4.2.2 Whether certification is required (Section 15),
ucts [Metric] 4.2.3 Whether marking for identification is required (Sec-
2.4 Military Standard: tion 16), and
MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage 4.2.4 Whether Practices B 660 applies and, if so, the levels
2.5 Military Specification: of preservation, packaging, and packing required (17.3).
AMS-H-6088 Heat Treatment of Aluminum Alloys
5. Materials and Manufacture
2.6 Federal Standard:
5.1 The products covered by this specification shall be
Fed. Std. No. 123 Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies)
produced by extruding, rolling, or drawing, or a combination
3. Terminology
thereof, at the option of the producer.
3.1 Definitions:
6. Responsibility for Quality Assurance
3.1.1 rod—a solid product 0.375 in. or greater [over 10 mm]
6.1 Responsibility for Inspection and Tests—Unless other-
in diameter, that is long in relation to cross section.
wise specified in the contract or purchase order, the producer is
3.1.2 cold-heading rod—rod of a quality suitable for use in
responsible for the performance of all inspection and test
the manufacture of cold-headed products such as rivets and
requirements specified herein. The producer may use his own
bolts.
or any other suitable facilities for the performance of the
3.1.3 rivet rod—see cold-heading rod.
inspection and test requirements specified herein, unless dis-
3.1.4 wire—a solid wrought product that is long in relation
approved by the purchaser in the order or at the time of contract
to its cross section, which is square or rectangular with sharp or
signing. The purchaser shall have the right to perform any of
rounded corners or edges, or is round, a regular hexagon, or a
the inspections and tests set forth in this specification where
regular octagon, and whose diameter or greatest perpendicular
such inspections are deemed necessary to assure that material
distances between parallel faces (except for flattened wire) is
conforms to prescribed requirements.
less than 0.375 in. [up through 10 mm]
6.2 Lot Definition— An inspection lot shall be defined as
3.1.5 cold-heading wire—wire of a quality suitable for use
follows:
in the manufacture of cold-headed products such as rivets and
6.2.1 For heat-treated tempers, an inspection lot shall con-
bolts.
sist of an identifiable quantity of material of the same mill
3.1.6 rivet wire—see cold-heading wire.
form, alloy, temper, and nominal diameter traceable to a
3.1.7 producer—the primary manufacturer of the material.
heat-treat lot or lots, and subjected to inspection at one time.
3.1.8 supplier—includes only the category of jobbers and
6.2.2 For nonheat-treated tempers, an inspection lot shall
distributors as distinct from producers.
consist of an identifiable quantity of material of the same mill
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
form, alloy, temper, and nominal diameter subjected to inspec-
3.2.1 capable of—The term capable of as used in this
tion at one time.
specification means that the test need not be performed by the
producer of the material. However, should subsequent testing
7. Chemical Composition
by the purchaser establish that the material does not meet these
7.1 Limits—The material shall conform to the chemical
requirements, the material shall be subject to rejection.
composition limits specified in Table 1. The producer shall
4. Ordering Information
determine conformance by analyzing samples taken when the
ingots are poured, or by analyzing samples taken from the
4.1 Orders for material to this specification shall include the
finished or semifinished product. If the producer has deter-
following information:
mined the chemical composition of the material during the
NOTE 3—For inch-pound orders specify B 316; for metric orders
course of manufacture, he shall not be required to sample and
specify B 316M. Do not mix units.
analyze the finished product.
4.1.1 This specification designation (which includes the
NOTE 4—It is standard practice in the United States aluminum industry
number, the year, and the revision letter, if applicable),
to determine conformance to the chemical composition limits prior to
4.1.2 Quantity in pieces or pounds [kilograms],
further processing of ingots into wrought products. Due to the continuous
4.1.3 Alloy (see 7.1),
nature of the process, it is not practical to keep a specific ingot analysis
4.1.4 Temper (see 8.1),
identified with a specific quantity of finished material.
4.1.5 Diameter,
7.2 Number of Samples—The number of samples taken for
4.1.6 Form-coiled or straight lengths,
determination of chemical composition shall be as follows:
4.2 Additionally, orders for material to this specification
7.2.1 When samples are taken at the time the ingots are
shall include the following information when required by the
poured, at least one sample shall be taken for each group of
purchaser:
ingots poured simultaneously from the same source of molten
4.2.1 Whether inspection or witness of inspection and tests
metal.
by the purchaser’s representative is required prior to material
7.2.2 When samples are taken from the finished or semifin-
shipment (Section 13),
ished product, a sample shall be taken to represent each 4000
lb [2000 kg], or fraction thereof, in the lot. Only one sample
shall be taken from any one piece.
Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700
Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS. 7.3 Methods of Sampling—Samples for determination of
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
B 316/B 316M
chemical composition shall be taken in accordance with one of 10. Stress-Corrosion Resistance
the following methods:
10.1 For lot acceptance purposes, resistance to stress-
7.3.1 Samples for chemical analysis shall be taken from the
corrosion cracking for each lot of 7050-T7 and 7075-T73
material by drilling, sawing, milling, turning, or clipping a
material shall be established by testing the previously selected
representative piece or pieces to obtain a prepared sample of
tension-test samples to the criteria shown in Table 6.
not less than 75 g. Sampling shall be in accordance with
10.2 The producer shall maintain records of all lots so tested
Practice E 55.
and make them available for examination at the producer’s
7.3.2 Sampling for spectrochemical analysis shall be in
facility.
accordance with Practices E 716. Samples for other methods of
11. Dimensional Tolerances
analysis shall be suitable for the form of material being
analyzed and the type of analytical method used.
11.1 Variations from the specified diameter, length, and
7.4 Methods of Analysis—The determination of chemical
straightness shall not exceed the permissible variations pre-
composition shall be made in accordance with suitable chemi-
scribed in Tables 9.3, 9.9, and 9.12 of ANSI H35.2. [H35.2M]
cal (Test Methods E 34) or spectrochemical (Test Methods
12. General Quality
E 227, E 607, and E 1251) methods. Other methods may be
used only when no published ASTM method is available. In
12.1 Unless otherwise specified, the material shall be sup-
case of dispute, the methods of analysis shall be agreed upon
plied in the mill finish and shall be uniform as defined by the
between the producer and the purchaser.
requirements of this specification and shall be commercially
sound. Any requirement not so covered is subject to negotia-
8. Mechanical Properties
tion between producer and purchaser.
8.1 Tensile Properties of Material as Supplied—The mate-
13. Source Inspection
rial shall conform to the tensile strength requirements specified
in Table 2 [Table 3].
13.1 If the purchaser desires that his representative inspect
8.2 Mechanical Properties of Material after Heat
or witness the inspection and testing of the material prior to
Treatment—In addition to the requirements of 8.1, heat-
shipment, such agreement shall be made by the purchaser and
treatable material ordered in the annealed or strain-hardened
producer as part of the purchase contract.
tempers and subsequently solution heat treated (T4) or solution
13.2 When such inspection or witness of inspection and
and precipitation heat treated (T6, T61, T62, T7, or T73), shall
testing is agreed upon, the producer shall afford the purchaser’s
conform to the requirements of Table 4 [Table 5] for either
representative all reasonable facilities to satisfy him that the
tensile strength or shear strength, at the producer’s option.
material meets the requirements of this specification. Inspec-
However, the material shall be capable of meeting both the
tion and tests shall be conducted so there is not unnecessary
tensile and shear strength requirements.
interference with the producer’s operations.
8.3 Number of Specimens:
14. Retest and Rejection
8.3.1 One tension test specimen shall be taken for each 1000
lb or fraction thereof in the lot to determine compliance with
14.1 If any material fails to conform to all of the applicable
8.1. Only one specimen shall be taken from any one piece.
requirements of this specification, it shall be cause for rejection
8.3.2 The number of tests to determine compliance with 8.2 of the inspection lot.
shall be the same as in 8.3.1.
14.2 When there is evidence that a failed specimen was not
8.4 Test Methods: representative of the inspection lot and when no other sampling
8.4.1 The tension tests shall be made in accordance with
plan is provided or approved by the purchaser through the
Test Methods B 557 [B 557M]. contract or purchase order, at least two additional specimens
8.4.2 The shear tests shall be made in accordance with
shall be selected to replace each test specimen that failed. All
Method B 565. specimens so selected for re-test shall meet the requirements of
the specification or the lot shall be subject to rejection.
9. Heat Treatment
14.3 Material in which defects are discovered subsequent to
9.1 Unless specified in 9.2, producer or supplier heat treat-
inspection may be r
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