ISO/TC 218/WG 4 - Test methods

This document specifies a method for determining the ultimate strength in shearing parallel to grain of small clear wood specimens by measuring the breaking load applied statically along the radial or the tangential plane of a test piece.

This document lists the terms and definitions relating to general concepts, macrostructure, sampling, and methods of physical and mechanical testing of wood. Other terminologies that are not mentioned in this standard are defined in ISO 24294.

This document specifies a method for determining the strength in compression perpendicular to grain of wood.

This document specifies methods for the extensive and limited sampling of wood, conditioning and preparation of test pieces. It also specifies the general requirements for physical and mechanical testing of small clear wood specimens. The sampling guidance provided in this document can be applied for timber taken from either trees, logs, or pieces of ungraded/graded/presorted sawn timber for non-structural applications, such as furniture, windows, doors, etc., only.

ISO 13061-10:2017 specifies a method for determining the impact bending strength of wood.

ISO 13061-17:2017 specifies a method for determining the ultimate stress in compression parallel to grain of wood.

ISO 13061-12:2017 specifies a method for determining of the static hardness of wood by measuring resistance of a test piece to the penetration of a plunger under gradually increasing load.

ISO 13061-11:2017 specifies a method for the determination of the resistance of wood to impact indentation by a steel ball.

ISO 13061-15:2017 specifies a method for the determination of linear swelling in the radial and tangential directions of wood.

ISO 13061-16:2017 specifies methods for the determination of volumetric swelling of wood.

ISO 13061-14:2016 specifies methods for the determination of volumetric shrinkage of wood.

ISO 13061-13:2016 specifies a method for the determination of linear shrinkage in the radial and tangential directions of wood.

ISO 13061-6:2014 specifies a method for determining the ultimate tensile stress of wood parallel to grain on small clear specimens by measuring the breaking load applied statically along the longitudinal axis of a test piece.

ISO 13061-3:2014 specifies a method for determining the ultimate strength of wood in static bending by measuring the breaking load applied in the mid-span of a simply supported beam.

ISO 13061-7:2014 specifies a method for the determination of ultimate tensile stress of wood perpendicular to grain of small clear specimens in the radial and tangential directions by measuring the breaking load applied statically perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of a test piece.

ISO 13061-4:2014 specifies a method for determining the modulus of elasticity of wood in static bending by measuring the deflection in the mid-span of a simply supported beam.

ISO 13061-2:2014 specifies a method for determining the density of wood for physical and mechanical tests on small clear wood specimens. It may also be used to determine density of test specimens for other physical or mechanical test and/or to determine the relationship between density and other properties of wood.

ISO 13061-1:2014 specifies oven-drying methods for determining the moisture content of wood for physical and mechanical tests on small clear wood specimens.

This method is based on the load proportional limit and the load at a defined deformation which are given in the "load/deflection" curve. Stresses at these loads are calculated. Testing of small defect-free test pieces of wood is not covered.

This International Standard specifies a method of testing sawn timber of coniferous and broadleaved species in shearing parallel to the grain to determine the ultimate strength.

Gives terms and definitions relating to physical and mechanical properties of wood. Wood is defined as aggregate of secondary tissues (conductive, mechanical and storing) found in stems, branches and roots of woody plants between the bark and pith.

Specifies a method which determines the linear swelling of test pieces after drying at a moisture content in equilibrium with the normal environment and at a moisture content, equal to or greater than the saturation point of the cellular walls of wood.

Two methods are specified: the stereometric method used for test pieces made in accordance with ISO 4469, and the mercury volumenometer method used for test pieces of any shape. References are made to ISO 3129, ISO 3130, and ISO 4469.

Two methods are specified: the stereometric method used for test pieces made in accordance with ISO 4859, and the mercury volumenometer method used for test pieces of any shape. Determines the change in volume of test pieces after drying, at a moisture content in equilibrium with the normal environment and at a moisture content, equal to or greater than the saturation point of the cellular walls of wood.

Specifies a method which determines the linear dimensions of test pieces after drying at a moisture content in equilibrium with the normal environment and at a moisture content equal to or greater than the saturation point of the cellular wall of wood.

The method described is based on applying a gradually increasing compressive load, either along the radial or along the tangential surface of a test piece. References are made to ISO 3129 and ISO 3130.

The method described determines the resistance of the surface layer of a test piece to impact indentation by a steel ball being dropped from a height of 500 1 mm. With a pressing mechanism the test piece is held against a massive base-plate.

Method described measures the deflection in the net bending area during application of a gradually increasing load to a test piece within the region of proportionality of the load and deflection.

Covers the radial and tangential directions. The principle consists in the application of a gradually increasing load to a test piece. Apparatus, preparation of test piece, procedure and calculation and expression of results are described in detail. References are made to ISO 3129 and ISO 3130.

Determination of the proportional limit (conventional ultimate strength), the load being applied to the whole surface (radial or tangential) of the test piece. References are made to ISO 3129 and ISO 3130.

Describes apparatus, preparation of test pieces as well as procedure and calculation and expression of results in detail. References are made to ISO 3129 and ISO 3130.

Specifies the selective and mechanical sampling, conditioning of selected material and the preparation of test pieces. Selective method should be used in cases where the coefficients of variation of the wood properties for one tree and between trees of one species are known and selection is possible from a large number of trees, logs and pieces of sawn timber, and the mechanical method when the mean values of the above coefficients are known and selection is possible only from a limited number of trees, logs and pieces of sawn timber.

The method described determines the moisture content at the time of test and in the absolutely dry condition as well as the mass ratio in the absolutely dry condition to volume of the test piece with moisture content greater than or equal to the fibre saturation point.

Specifies a method that determines, by weighing, the loss in mass of the test piece on drying to constant mass. Calculation of the loss in mass as a percentage of test piece mass after drying. Reference is made to ISO 3129.

The principle consists in the application of a gradually increasing load to a test piece. Apparatus, preparation of test piece, procedure and calculation and expression of results are described in detail. References are made to ISO 3129 and ISO 3130.

Specifies a method that determines the resistance of a test piece to the penetration of a plunger to a specified depth under a gradually increasing load. References are made to ISO 3129 and ISO 3130.

Specifies a method using a pendulum impact testing machine. The test piece is tested for cross-sectional bending under dynamic load application. References are made to ISO 3129 and ISO 3130.