ISO/TC 256 - Pigments, dyestuffs and extenders

This document specifies requirements and corresponding test methods for nanoscale titanium dioxide (TiO2) in either powder or suspension form for photocatalytic application. This document is applicable to modified nanoscale titanium dioxide for photocatalytic application. NOTE Such modification can be surface treatment, coating, doping and combination thereof.

This document specifies the requirements and corresponding test methods for vacuum metallized aluminium pigments (VMP) suitable for use in paints and printing ink industries.

This document specifies the requirements and corresponding test methods for aluminium pigments suitable for use in paints including: a) general, decorative and protective paints, and b) special finishing paints.

This document specifies a general method of test for determining the mass fraction in percent of matter volatile at a temperature of 105 °C in a sample of pigment or extender. This method is applicable to pigments and extenders that are stable at 105 °C.

This document specifies a method for the determination of the silanol group content on the surface of fumed silica by reaction gas chromatographic method.

This document specifies the requirements and corresponding test methods for artificial ultramarine pigments in plastics, paints, rubbers, etc.

This document specifies requirements and corresponding methods of test for fumed silica.

This document specifies requirements and corresponding methods of test for precipitated silica.

This document specifies a formalism for the calculation of the illuminant metamerism of solid surface colours. It cannot be applied to colours of effect coatings without metrical adaptation. This document only covers the phenomenon of metamerism for change of illuminant, which has the greatest meaning in practical application. In the case of chromaticity coordinates of a pair of samples under reference conditions that do not exactly match, recommendations are given on which correction measures are to be taken. Regarding the reproduction of colours, the metamerism index is used as a measure of quality in order to specify tolerances for colour differences between a colour sample and a colour match under different illumination conditions. The quantification of the illuminant metamerism of pairs of samples is formally performed by a colour difference assessment, for which tolerances that are common for the evaluation of residual colour differences can be used. NOTE In the colorimetric literature and textbooks, the term geometric metamerism is sometimes used for the case that two colours appear to be the same under a specific geometry for visual assessment and selected standard observer and standard illuminant pair, but is perceived as two different colours at changed observation geometry. The term geometric metamerism is different to metamerism described in this document.

This document specifies a general method of test for determining the water-soluble nitrates in a sample of pigments by a spectrophotometric method using salicylic acid. ISO 787-13 specifies a method for determining the water-soluble nitrates in a sample of pigments using Nessler`s method.

This document gives the definition for the term extender and specifies test methods that are required for most of the subsequent parts of ISO 3262. NOTE The subsequent parts of ISO 3262 specify requirements and the corresponding methods of test for extenders for use in paints, related coating materials and other applications.

This document describes a general method of test for comparing the resistance to light of samples of similar types of coloured pigments (agreed reference pigment and test sample). Two methods of exposure are described in this document. In method A, the material is exposed under glass to natural light. In method B, the material is exposed to direct artificial light.

This document specifies a general method of test for determining the water-soluble sulphates, chlorides and nitrates of pigments.

This document specifies a method for determining the total content of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), checking for all 209 possible congeners in pigment materials. This document is applicable to a working range from1 mg/kg to 150 mg/kg. The lower quantitation limit of this method is 1 mg/kg per congener. Results below 1 mg/kg are considered to be qualitative only.

This document defines terms that are used in the field of pigments, dyestuffs and extenders. For some terms, reference is made to ISO 4618 in which also terms and definitions for colourants are given, relating to their use in coating materials.

This document specifies a general method of test for comparing the lightening (reducing) power of a white pigment with the lightening power of an agreed sample of the same type. Two procedures (A and B) are specified. Procedure A is quicker than procedure B and is suitable for testing one sample of pigment; procedure B is better for testing several samples, and especially if a pigment of unknown lightening power is being tested.

This document specifies the requirements and the corresponding test methods for three types of lithopone pigments.

This document specifies a general method of test for determining the pH value of an aqueous suspension of a sample of pigment or extender.

This document specifies a general method of test for determining the electric resistivity (specific electric resistance) or the specific electric conductivity, respectively, of the aqueous extract of a pigment. The method is applicable to all pigments and extenders, except pigments that are soluble in water. The resistivity of the aqueous extract of a pigment is considered as a property independent of the amount of water-soluble matter. If agreed, a cold extraction method can be used.

This document specifies a method for experimental determination of the release of nanoscale pigments and extenders into the environment following a mechanical stress of paints, varnishes and pigmented plastics. The method is used to evaluate if and how many particles of defined size and distribution under stress (type and height of applied energy) are released from surfaces and emitted into the environment. The samples are aged, weathered or otherwise conditioned to simulate the whole lifecycle.

This document specifies a general test method for comparing the colour, in full-shade systems, of white, black or coloured pigments with that of an agreed reference pigment, using a colorimetric procedure.

This document applies to the industry producing colouring materials and the consumer who uses the products of this industry. In this document, the colouring materials are classified in accordance with colouristic and chemical aspects. Some dyestuffs for use in the ceramics and food industries are listed as examples.

ISO 18473-3:2018 specifies requirements and corresponding methods of test for fumed silica in powder form for silicone rubber application. This document is applicable to untreated and surface treated fumed silica.

ISO 18473-1:2015 specifies requirements and corresponding methods of test for surface treated nanoscale calcium carbonate in powder form for sealant application.

ISO 18473-2:2015 specifies requirements and corresponding methods of test for nanoscale titanium dioxide in powder form for sunscreen application. This part of ISO 18473 covers the surface modified, TiO2.

ISO 18314-1:2015 specifies the method for determining the colour coordinates of a paint film. This method is only applicable to paint films that appear to be uniformly of one colour, i.e. monochromatic, when examined with normal vision. Paint films that do not completely hide a non-transparent substrate represent an opaque system and can be measured by using the procedure in this part of ISO 18314. Luminescent paint films, transparent paint films, and translucent paint films (for example for display or lamp glass), retroreflecting paint films (for example for traffic signs), and metallic paint films are outside the scope of this part of ISO 18314.

ISO 18314-2:2015 specifies the Saunderson correction for different measurement geometries and the solutions of the Kubelka-Munk equation for hiding and transparent layers. It also specifies methods for the calculations of the tinting strength including the residual colour difference with different criteria and of the hiding power. The procedures for preparing the samples for these measurements are not part of this part of ISO 18314. They are agreed between the contracting parties or are described in other national or International Standards.

ISO 18314-3:2015 specifies different methods of calculating special indices, which are generally used to describe lightness respectively jetness of samples including chroma or hue within one colour-coordinate. ISO 18314-3:2015 is applicable to tristimulus values and chromaticity coordinates calculated using colour-matching functions of the CIE 1964 standard colourimetric system. It can be used for the specification of colour stimuli perceived as belonging to a reflecting or transmitting object, where a one-dimensional value is required.

ISO 23900-1:2015 provides an introduction to the various parts of ISO 23900 which describe methods for dispersing pigments and extenders in plastics materials in order to determine their dispersion characteristics and colouristic properties. Methods of assessing dispersion characteristics are described in the subsequent parts of ISO 23900. The various procedures described permit comparison to be made between similar pigments (for example between a test sample and an agreed reference pigment). The results provide an indication of relative dispersibility under practical conditions of use, provided that the test procedure and plastics material selected are appropriate.

ISO 23900-6:2015 specifies a method assessing the degree of dispersion of colorants and/or extenders in a thermoplastic polymer. The method is suitable for testing colorants and/or extenders in the form of concentrates or compounds in all polymers used for extrusion processes.

ISO 23900-4:2015 specifies a method of determining the colouristic properties of a test pigment in polyethylene (PE) relative to a standard, and the ease of dispersion DHPE of pigments from the differences in tinting strength of dispersing colouring materials under various conditions. The method is appropriate for use with white pigments.

ISO 23900-3:2015 specifies a method of determining in polyethylene (PE) the colouristic properties of a test pigment relative to a standard, and the ease of dispersion DHPE of pigments from the differences in colour strength on dispersing colouring materials under various conditions. Method A is appropriate for use with organic powder pigments and carbon black pigments in powder form, many of which are subject to compaction (reagglomeration under pressure), for inorganic pigments in powder form and for pigment preparations in powder or flake form. Method B is appropriate for testing pigments and pigment preparations in granular form and for inorganic pigments in any form.

ISO 23900-2:2015 specifies a method of determining the colouristic properties of a test pigment relative to a standard, and the ease of dispersion DHPVC-P of pigments from the differences in colour strength on dispersing colouring materials under various conditions in plasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC-P) compounds. The method is appropriate for use with organic and inorganic black and colour pigments and for pigment preparations.

ISO 23900-5:2015 specifies a method of assessing the degree of dispersion of a colorant in a thermoplastic polymer. The method is suitable for testing colorants in the form of colour concentrates in all polymers used for extrusion and melt-spinning processes.

ISO 7579:2009 specifies two methods for determining the solubility of dyestuffs in organic solvents. They are applicable to dyestuffs that do not change chemically under the influence of the solvent and are stable and non-volatile under the specified drying conditions. For volatile solvents (boiling point 120 °C), the photometric procedure is recommended. The choice of procedure should be made on a case-by-case basis. The methods are suitable for concentrations between 1 g and 1 000 g of dyestuff per litre of solvent. Higher concentrations can be used provided the viscosity of the solution is such that the procedure can be carried out readily. The methods are not suitable for the determination of insoluble matter in a dyestuff.

ISO 787-7:2009 specifies a general method of test for determining the residue on sieve from a sample of pigment or extender dispersed in water.

ISO 10601:2007 specifies the requirements and corresponding test methods for manufactured and natural micaceous iron oxide (MIO) pigments, in dry form, used primarily in protective coatings for steelwork.

ISO 1248:2006 specifies the requirements and the corresponding methods of test for all manufactured and natural iron oxide pigments, in dry form, suitable for general use. These pigments are identified by Colour Index Nos. red 101 and 102, yellow 42 and 43, brown 6 and 7, and black 11, and includes rapid-dispersion pigments. ISO 1248:2006 does not cover micaceous iron oxide pigments, transparent iron oxide pigments, granular grey iron oxide or magnetic iron oxide pigments other than those of Colour Index Pigment black 11.

This part of ISO 3262 specifies requirements and corresponding methods of test for vitreous silica.

This part of ISO 3262 specifies requirements and corresponding methods of test for cristobalite.

This part of ISO 3262 specifies requirements and corresponding methods of test for silica sand (unground natural quartz).

This part of ISO 3262 specifies requirements and corresponding methods of test for aluminium hydroxides.

This part of ISO 3262 specifies requirements and corresponding methods of test for precipitated calcium silicate.