ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 6/WG 1 - Physical and data link layers

This document specifies protocol test methods for Near Field Communication Interface and Protocol 1 (NFCIP-1), as defined in ISO/IEC 18092 (the base standard). The radio frequency (RF) test methods for NFCIP-1 (also defined in ISO/IEC 18092) are specified in ISO/IEC 22536.

This document specifies communication protocols for the physical and data link layer of video communication, which is a wireless distributed communication network for units related with unmanned aircrafts (UAs) in level II. This document describes video communication, which is one-to-one communication that transmits video from a UA to a video receiver. For the specific use of video communication, video can be transmitted from a UA to multiple receivers.

This document describes a communication model and requirements for unmanned aircraft area network (UAAN), which is a wireless distributed communication network for units related with UA services in level II. It describes: — the communication structure and operation; — the purpose of the three types of communication and related services; — the interoperation of the three types of communication; — the interworking with upper layers.

This document specifies communication protocols for the physical and data link layer for control communication, which is wireless distributed communication network for units related with unmanned aircrafts (UAs) in level II. This document describes control communication, which is one-to-one communication between a UA and a controller.

This document describes communication protocols for the physical and data link layer of shared communication, which is a wireless distributed communication network for units related with UAs in level II. Physical layer includes frame structure, encoding procedure, physical layer procedure and coexistence operations. Data link layer includes channel and slot, resource management, broadcast and exchange of data, synchronization, security, and interface with upper layer and other communication layers.

This document specifies the communication mode selection and switching mechanism, designed not to disturb any ongoing communication at 13,56 MHz, for devices implementing ISO/IEC 18092, the ISO/IEC 14443 or ISO/IEC 15693 series. The communication modes are specified in the respective International Standards and are outside of the scope of this document.

This document specifies the coexistence mechanism for various broadband powerline communication systems. By using the coexistence mechanism, possible harmful interference between different standard-based high-speed powerline communication systems can be avoided.

ISO/IEC TR 22512:2017 provides guidance for the implementation of ISO/IEC 17982.

ISO/IEC 15149-3:2016 specifies relay protocol to extend effective network coverage of magnetic field area networks. The addressing, request and response codes are defined.

ISO/IEC 15149-4:2016 specifies security protocol for authentication in magnetic field networks.

ISO/IEC 29157:2015 specifies the PHY characteristics and MAC procedures used for short-range, low-data-rate, wireless communications with very low latency and point-to-multipoint connection capability.

ISO/IEC 15149-2:2015 Standard establishes a system for an in-band network, from which both wireless power transfer and data transmission are carried out simultaneously at the same frequency band. It provides technical solution for a remote and consistent power supply, along with a stable network. For the purpose of this International Standard, the system is designed based on the principles described in ISO/IEC 15149 (Magnetic Field Area Network). In this way, it is expected to achieve superiority in control of devices, while managing wireless power transfer to multiple devices in request. The focus is on the physical and media access control layer protocol; it will not discuss matters on the upper layer protocols. As together, the PHY and MAC layers have to be able to carry out the following tasks: data transmission, signal control, wireless power transfer. This International Standard is applicable in various situations and environments, but is expected to perform excellently in the following certain use cases: - mobile phones: provide ubiquitous charging environments for portable devices; - home appliances: allow unrestrained placement of appliances with the elimination of wire cables and plugs for power supply. The media access control layer protocol is designed for the following scope: - variable superframe structure for wireless power transfer to multiple devices; - simple and effective network topology for efficient wireless power transfer; - dynamic address assignment for efficient timesharing among multiple devices. The physical layer protocol is designed for the following scope: - one frequency band for both wireless power transfer and magnetic field communication; - simple and robust modulation for low-cost implementation and minimized margin of error; - variable coding and bandwidth for dynamic charging environment.

ISO/IEC 15149-1:2014 specifies the physical layer and media access control layer protocols of wireless network over a magnetic field in a low frequency band (~300 kHz) for wireless communication in harsh environment (around metal, underwater, underground, etc.). The physical layer protocol is designed for the following scope: low carrier frequency for large magnetic field area and reliable communication in harsh environment; simple and robust modulation for a low implementation cost and error performance; variable coding and bandwidth for a link adaptation. The media access control layer protocol is designed for the following scope: simple and efficient network topology for low power consumption; variable superframe structure for compact and efficient data transmission; dynamic address assignment for small packet size and efficient address management. ISO/IEC 15149-1:2014 supports several kbps data transmission in wireless network within a distance of several metres. It can be applied to various services such as the following areas: environmental industry to manage pollution levels in soil and water using wireless underground or underwater sensors; construction industry to monitor the integrity of buildings and bridges using wireless, inner-corrosion sensors; consumer-electronics industry to detect food spoilage in wet, airtight storage areas and transfer the sensing data from the inside to the outside; agricultural industry to manage the moisture level as well as mineral status in soil using wireless, buried sensors; transportation industry to manage road conditions and traffic information using wireless, underground sensors.

ISO/IEC 16504:2011 specifies a medium access control (MAC) sub-layer and a physical (PHY) layer for personal/portable cognitive wireless networks operating in TV bands. It also specifies a MUX sublayer for higher layer protocols. ISO/IEC 16504:2011 specifies a number of incumbent protection mechanisms which may be used to meet regulatory requirements.

ISO/IEC 16353:2011 specifies commands for the Near Field Communication Wired Interface (NFC-WI) specified in ISO/IEC 28361. The commands allow exchange of control and state information between the transceiver and the front-end.

ISO/IEC 13156:2011 specifies a physical layer (PHY), distributed medium access control (MAC) sublayer, and an HDMI protocol adaptation layer (PAL) for 60 GHz wireless networks.

ISO/IEC 12139-1:2009 is a physical and medium access control layer specification with respect to the connectivity for In-home and Access network high speed powerline communication stations. ISO/IEC 12139-1:2009 provides functional requirements and specification of the physical and medium access control layer for high speed powerline communication devices, and does not include specific implementation methods.

A Private Integrated Service Network (PISN) is a network comprising either one PINX or more than one PINX interconnected by Inter-PINX connections. This Technical Report is concerned with inter- PINX connections (IPC) that are provided by Intervening Networks (IVN), and the way in which these are handled by PINXs to provide a platform for inter-PINX communication. Different types of IVNs can be used to provide IPCs, in accordance with the scenarios indicated in ISO/IEC 11579-1. These are Overlay Scenarios in that they enable the services of the PISN to operate transparently across an IVN. Connected PINXs need to co-ordinate their use of IVNs, and appropriate standardisation is needed to allow networks to be created employing PINXs and IVNs from multiple vendors. The following points need to be considered: _ In general but depending on the type of IVN, procedures and signalling protocols between the PINXs are needed for the establishment, maintenance and release of IPCs. Appropriate standardisation of these procedures and signalling protocols is necessary. _ At the Q reference point (a conceptual point within a PINX) channels and PISN call control signalling (QSIG) are defined independently of the type of IVN. However, at the C reference point (where the PINX is connected to the IVN), the representation of the channels and of signalling is dependent on the type of IVN, and on how the PINXs use the IPCs. Appropriate standardisation of these aspects at the C reference point is necessary. _ In general the relationship between a channel at the Q reference point and its representation at the C reference point is not static, and procedures and signalling between the PINXs are needed for the co-ordination of these relationships. Appropriate standardisation of these procedures and signalling is necessary. _ Appropriate mechanisms need to be standardised for conveying inter-PINX signalling through the IVN. These will depend on the characteristics of the IPC used. The aim of this Technical Report is to identify: 1. In addition to PISN call control signalling (QSIG), what needs to be standardised, in order to be able to inter-connect PINXs; 2. General techniques, procedures, protocols etc., that apply to of all (or at least very many) types of IVNs.

This Technical Report lists the standard data link layer protocols that utilize HDLC based classes of procedures as defined in ISO/IEC 13239 in their realization. The list indicates the basic repertoire (i.e. class of procedures) used plus the optional functions employed. This Technical Report lists the standard XID information field format identifiers. The list identifies the source document as well as describing the characteristics of the information provided. This Technical Report lists the standard mode-setting frame information field format identifiers. The list identifies the source document as well as describing the characteristics of the information provided. This Technical Report lists the standard user-defined parameter set identification values, as well as indicating the source and use of the private parameter set. NOTE - With the exception of ISO/IEC 7776 and ITU-T X.25 LAPB, which are designed to be complementary, the protocols listed do not interwork. (There are differences in the usage of certain functions by different protocols.)

This International Standard is a part of the functional requirements for the Private Integrated Services Network (PISN) and defines the functions and procedures that are required by Private Integrated Services Network exchanges (PINXs) and the intervening network (IVN) in order to establish Inter-PINX Connections (IPC). The IPC is used for the transfer of signalling and user information between PINXs. The Private Signalling System No.1 (PSS1) as defined in ISO/IEC 11572 and 11574 defines the signalling procedures and protocol for call control between PINXs at the Q reference point. These procedures are independent of the types of IVNs, called scenarios used to interconnect the PINXs. ISO/IEC TR14475 describes the use of various types of IVNs which provide the interconnections of PINXs. In order to connect a PINX to another PINX, mapping functions are required to adapt the specific interfaces at the C reference point to the application at the Q reference point. As such, mapping functions provide for physical adaptation to the interface at the C reference point. Mapping functions also provide for the mapping of user channels and signalling information at the Q reference point to the appropriate channels or time-slots at the C reference point. The C and Q reference points are defined in ISO/IEC 11579-1. The types of interfaces at the C reference point covered by this International Standard are: [1] 1544 kbit/s unstructured digital leased line [2] 1544 kbit/s structured digital leased line [3] 2048 kbit/s unstructured digital leased line [4] 2048 kbit/s structured digital leased line [5] 64 kbit/s unrestricted digital leased line [6] 1544 kbit/s ISDN Primary Rate user-network layer 1 interface [7] 2048 kbit/s ISDN Primary Rate user-network layer 1 interface [8] ISDN Basic Rate user-network layer 1 interface At the Q reference point the mappings provide a 64 kbit/s service for user channels and a packet mode service for the signalling channel. The applied mapping is a static mapping, i.e. there is a fixed relationship between user and signalling channels at the Q reference point and the timeslots of the interface at the C reference point. Any changes are subject to administrative actions. This International Standard specifies PINX mapping functions between the Q reference point and the C reference point for IVNs which provide either dedicated or semi-permanent, non-user activation, circuit-mode IPCs. The dedicated IPC is the connection permanently established, usually for the duration of a contractual period. The semi-permanent IPC is the connection whose resources are reserved for specified times during a contractual period. The semi-permanent IPC is established by management control with or without user activations. In this International Standard, the semi-permanent IPC established by management control with user activation is outside the scope. The IVN can be a dedicated physical link, dedicated transmission system or a cross connect system, or semi-permanent connection system. IVNs which include inverse mulitlexer techniques (e.g. channel aggregation in accordance with ISO/IEC 13871) are covered by this International Standard so far as they support one of the interfaces listed above. This International Standard also specifies mapping information. At both sides of the PINX, mapping information is required to administer the scenarios. This International Standard is applicable to PINXs which can be interconnected to form a Private Integrated Services Network (PISN) and which support signalling protocols at the Q reference point.

Adds specifications answering to requirements for DCE apects and some new attributes for LAPBDLE MOs and IVMOs. These new specifications came out of the comments to DIS 10742. They will be merged into the base document ISO/IEC 10742:1994 at the next revision.

Specifies general principles for the mappings between the OSI Data Link service, both connection-mode (CO-DLS) and connectionless-mode (CL-DLS), and standard Data Link protocols. Specifies the detailed mappings M1, M2, M5 and M6; also specifies the main features of the mappings M3 and M4. Does not specify individual implementations or products, nor does it constrain the implementation of Data Link entities and interfaces within an information processing system.

Cancels and replaces the first edition (1986). Defines an application of certain HDLC standards. Also defines the structure, elements and procedures for the operation of a DTE using the X.25 LAPB protocol. The procedures are applicable to data interchange between a DTE and a DCE, or between two DTEs. The procedures are defined for use on duplex links, using synchronous transmission or start/stop transmission.

Provides the specification of management information within an Open System related to those operations of the OSI Data Link Layer specified by the specifications in this document.

Defines multilink procedures where multiple parallel data links at the data link layer are used to provide a variable bandwidth data link between network layer entities. Does not specify the way in which single data link protocol functions indicate to multilink procedures that the transmission of a multilink frame has been successful.

ISO/IEC 18092:2013 defines communication modes for Near Field Communication Interface and Protocol (NFCIP 1) using inductive coupled devices operating at the centre frequency of 13,56 MHz for interconnection of computer peripherals. It also defines both the Active and the Passive communication modes of Near Field Communication Interface and Protocol (NFCIP-1) to realize a communication network using Near Field Communication devices for networked products and also for consumer equipment. ISO/IEC 18092:2013 specifies, in particular, modulation schemes, codings, transfer speeds, and frame format of the RF interface, as well as initialization schemes and conditions required for data collision control during initialization. Furthermore, ISO/IEC 18092:2013 defines a transport protocol including protocol activation and data exchange methods.

ISO/IEC 18092, ISO/IEC 14443 and ISO/IEC 15693 specify the radio frequency signal interface, initialization, anti-collision and protocols for wireless interconnection of closely coupled devices and access to contactless integrated circuit cards operating at 13,56 MHz. This International Standard specifies the communication mode selection mechanism, designed not to disturb any ongoing communication at 13,56 MHz, for devices implementing ISO/IEC 18092, ISO/IEC 14443 or ISO/IEC 15693. This International Standard requires implementations to enter the selected communication mode as specified in the respective International Standard. The communication mode specifications, however, are outside the scope of this International Standard.

ISO/IEC 29157:2010 specifies the physical layer (PHY) characteristics and medium access control (MAC) procedures used for short-range, low-data-rate, wireless communications with very low latency and point-to-multipoint connection capability in the industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) band.

ISO/IEC 13157-2:2010 specifies mechanisms for the Shared Secret Service (SSE) and the Secure Channel Service (SCH) in ISO/IEC 13157-1. It specifies cryptographic mechanisms that use the Elliptic Curves Diffie-Hellman (ECDH) protocol for key agreement and the AES algorithm for data encryption and integrity. ISO/IEC 13157-2:2010 addresses secure communication of two NFC devices that do not share any common secret data ("keys") before they start communicating with each other.

ISO/IEC 13157-1:2010 specifies the NFC-SEC secure channel and shared secret services for NFCIP-1 and the protocol data units and protocol for those services. NFC-SEC is exclusively designed for the data exchange protocol of ISO/IEC 18092. ISO/IEC 13157-1:2010 does not address application-specific security mechanisms (as typically needed for smart card related use cases and standardized in ISO/IEC 7816). NFC-SEC can complement application-specific security mechanisms of ISO/IEC 7816.

Concerns with Private Integrated Service Networks (PISNs) comprising one or more than one PISN exchanges (PINX) interconnected by inter-PINX connections (IPCs). Specifies unter-PINX connections that are provided by intervening networks (IVNs), and the way in which these are handled by PINXs to provide a platform for inter-PINX communication. Identifies the standardization to inter-connect PINXs and general techniques, procedures and protocolls for all types of IVNs.

Increases the modulus number (i.e. the sequence number) in steps up to a maximum of 2 147 483 648 which can be represented in 31 bits. This is done by the introduction of a new "Set Mode" command that can be used to negotiate or indicate the modulus in absence of, or to override, a default value. This uses an optional information field in the "Set Mode" command.

Extends the multi-selective reject option by including a streamlined and detailed set of procedures that do not generate duplicate retransmissions and allow the maximum number of outstanding frames to be less than or equal to modulus number minus one.

This amendment increases the modulus number (i.e. the sequence number) in steps up to a maximum of 2147483648 which can be represented in 31 bits. This is done by the introduction of a new "Set Mode" command that can be used to negotiate or indicate the modulus in the absence of or to override a default value. This uses an optional information filed in the mode setting commands/responses.

This amendment increases the modulus number (i.e. the sequence number) in steps up to a maximum of 2 147 483 648 which can be represented in 31 bits. This is done by the introduction of a new "Set Mode" command that can be used to negotiate or indicate the modulus in the absence of or to override a default value. This uses an optional information filed in the "Set Mode" command.

Defines an Open System Interconnection (OSI) management-compatible architecture, and service and protocol elements for use in a LAN/MAN environment for the purpose of performing remote management of LAN-based or MAN-based devices.

Defines a protocol to load the memory of data processing equipment installed on IEEE 802 networks. Discusses the LS in only as much detail as is necessary to define the loading protocol. Provides the PICS proforma for the System Load Protocol in compliance with the relevant requirements, and in accordance with the relevant guidance, given in ISO/IEC 9646-2.

Defines a high-speed shared medium access protocol for use of a dual, counter-flowing, unidirectional bus subnetwork. Specifies the physical layer and DQDB layer required to support logical link control (LLC) sublayer, by a connectionless medium access control (MAC) sublayer service. Also specifies additional DQDB layer functions as a framework for other services.

Defines a single-exchange negotiation procedure for establishing operational characteristics when either one or more HDLC stations are capable of providing multiple selections. Provides a means for interchanging the necessary information to establish, at a minimum, a data link connection between two correspondents wishing to communicate. Describes the general purpose XID frame information field content and format. Defines encoding for information related to the basic HDLC standards only.

Describes the HDLC unbalanced classes of procedures, the HDLC balanced class of procedures, and the HDLC connectionless classes of procedures for synchronous or start/stop data transmission. The procedures use the HDLC frame structure defined in ISO/IEC 3309 and the HDLC elements of procedures described in ISO/IEC 4335.