ISO/TC 61/SC 9/WG 6 - Polyolefins

This document specifies two methods for the determination of co-monomer contents of polyethylene products by solution state 13C-NMR spectrometry (nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry): — method A: inverse gated decoupling method. — method B: insensitive nuclei enhanced by polarization transfer method; This document is applicable to copolymers of ethylene having a content of other 1-olefinic monomers of less than a mass fraction of 50 %. This document is not applicable to ethylene homopolymers or copolymers in which ethylene is polymerized with two or more type 1-olefin comonomers.

This document specifies two methods of determining the mass fraction of a polypropylene homopolymer or copolymer which is amorphous, expressed as soluble in xylene at 25 °C. — Method 1: Reference method; — Method 2: Automated instrumental method.

This document specifies two categories of method for the determination of the vinyl acetate (VAC) content of ethylene/vinyl acetate (EVAC) copolymer, for use in the designation of such copolymers according to ISO 21301-1. One category is referred to as “reference methods”, the other as “test methods”. The “reference methods” are used to calibrate the method used for the determination of the vinyl acetate content of ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymers. The “test methods” are other methods which can be used for the determination if they are calibrated using one of the reference methods described in Clause 4, provided they show a certain permissible repeatability.

This document specifies a method for the determination of metal content in polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). This document is applicable to the determination of the content of magnesium (Mg), aluminium (Al), calcium (Ca), zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), titanium (Ti), iron (Fe), antimony (Sb), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), etc. This document is not applicable to the determination of mercury (Hg) due to its volatility. This method is suitable for base polymers of PE, PP, PE/PP copolymer and their blends.

This document specifies a relative method for the determination of polypropylene (PP) isotactic index by low-resolution pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (LR-NMR). This method enables the identification and coding of types H propylene (PP-H) plastics according to ISO 19069‑1. This method is suitable for base polymers and is not applicable for mixtures. NOTE The direct method for the determination of polypropylene isotactic index is specified in ISO 9113.

This document specifies the methods of preparation of test specimens and the test methods to be used in determining the properties of PE-UHMW moulding and extrusion materials. It gives the requirements for handling test material and for conditioning both the test material before moulding and the specimens before testing. This document gives the procedures and conditions for the preparation of test specimens and procedures for measuring properties of the materials from which these specimens are made. Properties and test methods which are suitable and necessary to characterize PE-UHMW moulding and extrusion materials are listed. The properties have been selected from the general test methods in ISO 10350-1. Other test methods in wide use for or of particular significance to these moulding and extrusion materials are also included in this document, as are the designatory properties specified in ISO 21304-1. This document specifies the materials with MFR less than 0,1 g/10 min at 190 °C /21,6 kg based on ISO 17855-1. The methods of preparation and conditioning, the specimen dimensions and the test procedures specified in this document are used in order to obtain reproducible and comparable test results. Values determined will not necessarily be identical to those obtained using specimens of different dimensions or prepared using different procedures.

1.1 This document specifies the methods of preparation of test specimens and the test methods to be used in determining the properties of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) moulding and extrusion materials. It gives the requirements for handling test material and for conditioning both the test material before moulding and the specimens before testing. 1.2 This document specifies procedures and conditions for the preparation of test specimens and procedures for measuring properties of the materials from which these specimens are made. It lists properties and test methods which are suitable and necessary to characterize poly(methyl methacrylate) moulding and extrusion materials. 1.3 The properties have been selected from the general test methods in ISO 10350-1. Other test methods in wide use for, or of particular significance to, these moulding and extrusion materials are also included in this document, as are the designatory properties specified in ISO 24026-1.

This document specifies a method for determining the environmental stress cracking (ESC) resistance of polyethylene (PE) materials in a defined test environment. The test is carried out on notched test specimens machined from moulded sheets/specimens or from finished products. The test specimen is subjected to a static tensile load when immersed into an environment such as a surfactant solution held at a specified temperature. The time to failure is measured. The method has been specifically developed for polyethylene materials but can be used to evaluate PE products, such as pipes, fusion welds/fittings and blow-moulded PE containers to study the effect of aggressive environments, i.e. dangerous goods and chemicals. The method is suitable for use with test specimens moulded to chosen dimensions or machined from compression moulded sheets or injection moulded specimens, or from finished products, such as mouldings and pipes. When the test specimens are machined from extruded or moulded parts, the results can be affected not only by properties of the material, but also by stresses or orientation introduced during processing.

This document specifies a method for the determination of the resistance of moulded test specimens of polypropylene and propylene-copolymers to accelerated ageing by heat in the presence of air using a forced draught oven. The method represents an attempt to estimate the service life of parts fabricated from propylene plastics. The stability determined by this method is not directly related to the suitability of the material for use when different environmental conditions prevail. NOTE The specified thermal levels are considered sufficiently severe to cause failure of commercial grades of heat-stable propylene plastics within a reasonable period of time. If desired, lower temperatures can be applied to estimate the performance of propylene plastics with lower heat stabilities.

This document specifies a method for determining the percentage of matter which can be extracted from crystalline propylene plastics by boiling n-heptane under standard conditions of testing. Isotactic index is determined by conventional chemical extraction as an absolute method. This method provides for the identification and coding of types H, B and R propylene plastics according to ISO 19069-1[1]. This method is suitable only for base polymers and is not applicable for mixtures. This method starts with solid propylene plastics in the form of particles of specified fineness.

This document specifies the methods of preparation of test specimens and the test methods to be used in determining the properties of polybutene-1 (PB-1) moulding and extrusion materials. For the sake of simplicity, the designation polybutene-1 and the abbreviation PB are used in this document. Requirements for handling test material and for conditioning both the test material before moulding and the specimens before testing are also specified. Procedures and conditions for the preparation of test specimens and procedures for measuring properties of the materials from which these specimens are made are given. Properties and test methods which are suitable and necessary to characterize PB-1 moulding and extrusion materials are listed. The properties have been selected from the general test methods in ISO 10350-1. Other test methods in wide use for or of particular significance to these moulding and extrusion materials are also included in this document, as is the designatory property specified in ISO 21302-1. In order to obtain reproducible and comparable test results, it is intended to use the methods of specimen preparation and conditioning, the specimen dimensions and the test procedures specified in this document. Values determined will not necessarily be identical to those obtained using specimens of different dimensions or prepared using different procedures.

This document establishes a system of designation for polybutene-1 (PB-1) thermoplastic materials which can be used as the basis for specifications. For the sake of simplicity, the designation polybutene-1 and the abbreviation PB are used in this document. The types of polybutene plastics are differentiated from each other by a classification system based on appropriate levels of the designatory property melt volume-flow rate and on information about basic polymer parameters, intended application and/or method of processing, important properties, additives, colorants, fillers and reinforcing materials. This document is applicable to all butene-1 homopolymers and to copolymers of butene-1 with a maximum content of other 1-olefinic monomers of less than 50 g/kg (mass fraction) and with a content of non-olefinic monomers with functional groups up to a maximum of 3 g/kg (mass fraction). It applies to materials ready for normal use in the form of powder, granules or pellets, unmodified or modified by colorants, additives, fillers, etc. It is not intended to imply that materials having the same designation give necessarily the same performance. This document does not provide engineering data, performance data or data on processing conditions which can be required to specify a material for a particular application and/or method of processing. If such additional properties are required, they are intended to be determined in accordance with the test methods specified in ISO 21302-2, if suitable. In order to specify a thermoplastic material for a particular application or to ensure reproducible processing, additional requirements are given in data block 5 (see 4.1).

This document establishes a system of designation for thermoplastic PE-UHMW materials, which can be used as the basis for specifications. For the purposes of this document, PE-UHMW materials are polyethylene materials having a melt mass-flow rate (MFR) of less than 0,1 g/10 min, measured at 190 °C and 21,6 kg load. NOTE It has been confirmed that the melt volume-flow rate (MVR) is useful for characterizing some PE-UHMW materials (e.g. pipe materials) under the test condition of 230 °C/21,6 kg and bore diameter of die with 3,628 mm (see ISO 21304-2). The types of PE-UHMW are differentiated from each other by a classification system based on appropriate levels of the designatory properties: a) viscosity number; b) elongational stress; c) Charpy double-notched impact strength; and on information about the intended application and/or method of processing, important properties, additives, colorants, fillers and reinforcing materials. This designation system is applicable to all PE-UHMW homopolymers and to ultra-high-molecular-weight copolymers of ethylene having a content of other 1-olefinic monomers of less than 50 % by mass and a content of non-olefinic monomers with functional groups up to a maximum of 3 % by mass. It applies to materials ready for normal use in the form of powder, granules or pellets, unmodified or modified by colorants, fillers and other additives. It is not intended to imply that materials having the same designation give necessarily the same performance. This document does not provide engineering data, performance data or data on processing conditions which can be required to specify a material. If such additional properties are required, they are intended to be determined in accordance with the test methods specified in ISO 21304-2, if suitable. In order to specify a thermoplastic PE-UHMW material to meet particular specifications, the requirements are to be given in data block 5 (see 4.1).

This document specifies the methods of preparation of test specimens and the test methods to be used in determining the properties of ethylene/vinyl acetate (EVAC) moulding and extrusion materials. Requirements for handling test material and for conditioning both the test material before moulding and the specimens before testing are given in this document. This document gives procedures and conditions for the preparation of test specimens and procedures for measuring properties of the materials from which these specimens are made. Properties and test methods which are suitable and necessary to characterize EVAC moulding and extrusion materials are listed in this document. The properties have been selected from the general test methods in ISO 10350-1. Other test methods in wide use for or of particular significance to these moulding and extrusion materials are also included in this document, as are the designatory properties specified in ISO 21301-1. The methods of preparation and conditioning, the specimen dimensions and the test procedures specified this document are used in order to obtain reproducible and comparable test results. Values determined will not necessarily be identical to those obtained using specimens of different dimensions or prepared using different procedures.

1.1 This document establishes a system of designation for ethylene-vinyl acetate thermoplastic material, which can be used as the basis for specifications. 1.2 The types of ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVAC) plastic are differentiated from each other by a classification system based on appropriate levels of the following designatory properties: a) vinyl acetate content; b) melt mass-flow rate; and on information about the intended application and/or method of processing, important properties, additives, colorants, fillers and reinforcing materials. 1.3 This document is applicable to all ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers containing from a mass fraction from 3 % to 50 % (approximately 25 % molar) of vinyl acetate. It applies to materials ready for normal use in the form of powder, granules or pellets and to materials unmodified or modified by colorants, additives, fillers, etc. 1.4 It is not intended to imply that materials having the same designation give necessarily the same performance. This document does not provide engineering data, performance data or data on processing conditions which can be required to specify a material for a particular application and/or method of processing. If such additional properties are required, they are determined in accordance with the test methods specified in ISO 21301-2, if suitable. 1.5 In order to specify a thermoplastic material for a particular application or to ensure reproducible processing, additional requirements can be given in data block 5 (see 4.1).

ISO 17855-2:2016 specifies the methods of preparation of test specimens and the test methods to be used in determining the properties of polyethylene (PE) moulding and extrusion materials. Requirements for handling test material and for conditioning both the test material before moulding and the specimens before testing are given. Procedures and conditions for the preparation of test specimens and procedures for measuring properties of the materials from which these specimens are made are also given. Properties and test methods that are suitable and necessary to characterize PE moulding and extrusion materials are listed. The properties have been selected from the general test methods in ISO 10350‑1. Other test methods in wide use for or of particular significance to these moulding and extrusion materials are also included in this part of ISO 17855, as are the designatory properties specified in ISO 17855‑1. In order to obtain reproducible and comparable test results, it is necessary to use the methods of preparation and conditioning, the specimen dimensions and the test procedures specified herein. Values determined will not necessarily be identical to those obtained using specimens of different dimensions or prepared using different procedures.

ISO 19069-2:2016 specifies the methods of preparation of test specimens and the test methods to be used in determining the properties of polypropylene (PP) moulding and extrusion materials. Requirements for handling test material and for conditioning both the test material before moulding and the specimens before testing are given. Procedures and conditions for the preparation of test specimens and procedures for measuring properties of the materials from which these specimens are made are also given. Properties and test methods which are suitable and necessary to characterize PP moulding and extrusion materials are listed. The properties have been selected from the general test methods in ISO 10350‑1. Other test methods in wide use for, or of particular significance to, these moulding and extrusion materials are also included in this part of ISO 19069, as are the designatory properties specified in ISO 19069‑1. In order to obtain reproducible and comparable test results, it is necessary to use the methods of preparation and conditioning, the specimen dimensions and the test procedures specified herein. Values determined will not necessarily be identical to those obtained using specimens of different dimensions or prepared using different procedures.

ISO 19069-1:2015 establishes a system of designation for polypropylene (PP) thermoplastic material, which can be used as the basis for specifications. The types of polypropylene plastics are differentiated from each other by a classification system based on appropriate levels of the designatory properties a) tensile modulus of elasticity, b) impact strength, and c) melt mass-flow rate (MFR), and on information about basic polymer parameters, intended application and/or method of processing, important properties, additives, colorants, fillers, and reinforcing materials. ISO 19069-1:2015 is applicable to all polypropylene homopolymers and to copolymers of propylene with a content of other 1-olefinic of less than 50 % (m/m), as well as blends of polymers containing at least 50 % (m/m) of aforementioned polymers. It applies to materials ready for normal use in the form of powder, granules, or pellets and to materials unmodified or modified by colorants, additives, fillers, etc. ISO 19069-1:2015 does not apply to propylene-based rubber.

ISO 17855-1:2014 establishes a system of designation for polyethylene thermoplastic material, which may be used as the basis for specifications. ISO 17855-1:2014 is applicable to all polyethylene homopolymers and to copolymers of ethylene having a content of other 1-olefinic monomers of less than 50 % (mass fraction) and a content of non-olefinic monomers with functional groups up to a maximum of 3 % (mass fraction). ISO 17855-1:2014 applies to materials ready for normal use in the form of powder, granules or pellets, unmodified or modified by colorants, additives, fillers, etc.

ISO 1628-3:2010 defines particular conditions for determining the reduced viscosity (also known as viscosity number) and intrinsic viscosity of polyethylenes and polypropylenes at 135 °C in dilute solution. The viscosity of polymer solutions may be affected by additives present in the sample. The value of a reduced viscosity determined by this method may therefore be unreliable if the sample contains fillers or other additives.

ISO 8986-2:2009 specifies the methods of preparation of test specimens and the test methods to be used in determining the properties of polybutene‑1 (PB‑1) moulding and extrusion materials. Requirements for handling test material and for conditioning both the test material before moulding and the specimens before testing are also specified. Procedures and conditions for the preparation of test specimens and procedures for measuring properties of the materials from which these specimens are made are given. Properties and test methods which are suitable and necessary to characterize PB moulding and extrusion materials are listed. The properties have been selected from the general test methods in ISO 10350‑1. Other test methods in wide use for or of particular significance to these moulding and extrusion materials are also included in this part of ISO 8986, as is the designatory property specified in Part 1.

ISO 8986-1:2009 establishes a system of designation for polybutene‑1 (PB‑1) thermoplastic materials which may be used as the basis for specifications. The types of polybutene plastics are differentiated from each other by a classification system based on appropriate levels of the designatory property melt volume-flow rate and on information about basic polymer parameters, intended application and/or method of processing, important properties, additives, colorants, fillers and reinforcing materials. ISO 8986-1 is applicable to all butene homopolymers and to copolymers of butene with a maximum content of other 1‑olefinic monomers of less than 50 % by mass and with a content of non-olefinic monomers with functional groups up to a maximum of 1 % by mass. It applies to materials ready for normal use in the form of powder, granules or pellets and to materials unmodified or modified by colorants, additives, fillers, etc.

ISO 1873-2:2007 specifies the methods of preparation of test specimens and the test methods to be used in determining the properties of PP moulding and extrusion materials. Requirements for handling test material and for conditioning both the test material before moulding and the specimens before testing are given. Procedures and conditions for the preparation of test specimens and procedures for measuring properties of the materials from which these specimens are made are given. Properties and test methods which are suitable and necessary to characterize PP moulding and extrusion materials are listed.

ISO 1872-2:2007 specifies the methods of preparation of test specimens and the test methods to be used in determining the properties of polyethylene (PE) moulding and extrusion materials. Requirements for handling test material and for conditioning both the test material before moulding and the specimens before testing are given. Procedures and conditions for the preparation of test specimens and procedures for measuring properties of the materials from which these specimens are made also are given. Properties and test methods that are suitable and necessary to characterize PE moulding and extrusion materials are listed.

ISO 16152:2005 specifies a method for determining the mass fraction of a polypropylene homopolymer or copolymer which is soluble in xylene at 25 °C.

ISO 16770:2004 specifies a method of determining the stress cracking resistance of polyethylene materials in any environment. The test is carried out on notched test specimens cut from compression-moulded sheet or finished products, as applicable. The test specimen is subjected to a static tensile load when immersed in an environment such as a surfactant solution held at a specified temperature, and the time to failure measured. The method has been specifically developed for polyethylene materials but can be used to evaluate PE extrusions, such as pipe segments, PE fusion welds/fittings and blow-moulded PE containers to study the effect of aggressive environments, i.e. dangerous goods/chemicals. The method may also be adapted for other thermoplastic materials, e.g. polypropylene (PP). In this case, care must be taken in interpreting the results as the processing stresses/orientation in finished products may have an effect.

1.1 This part of ISO 8257 specifies procedures for moulding test specimens of PMMA materials in a specified state, and methods for measuring their properties. Any property listed in this part of ISO 8257 and referred to in combination with ISO 8257-1 shall be determined by the method referred to in this part of ISO 8257. 1.2 No values are quoted for these properties. Those required for the designation of PMMA materials for moulding and extrusion are given in ISO 8257-1. Other properties shall be determined by the appropriate methods referred to in this part of ISO 8257. 1.3 The values determined in accordance with this part of ISO 8257 will not necessarily be identical to those obtained using specimens of different dimensions and/or prepared by different procedures. They may also be influenced by colorants and other additives. The values obtained for the properties of a moulding depend on the moulding compound, the shape of test specimen, the test method and the state of anisotropy. The last-mentioned depends on the gating and the moulding conditions, for example temperature, pressure or injection rate. Any subsequent treatment must also be considered, for example conditioning or annealing. 1.4 The thermal history and the internal stresses of the specimens may strongly influence thermal and mechanical properties and resistance to environmental stress cracking, but exert less effect on the electrical properties, which mainly depend on the chemical composition of the moulding compound.

This part of ISO 11542 specifies the methods of preparation of test specimens and the test methods to be used in determining the properties of PE-UHMW moulding and extrusion materials. Requirements for handling test material and for conditioning both the test material before moulding and the specimens before testing are given here. Procedures and conditions for the preparation of test specimens and procedures for measuring properties of the materials from which these specimens are made are given. Properties and test methods which are suitable and necessary to characterize PE-UHMW moulding and extrusion materials are listed. The properties have been selected from the general test methods in ISO 10350-1. Other test methods in wide use for or of particular significance to these moulding and extrusion materials are also included in this part of ISO 11542, as are the designatory properties specified in part 1. In order to obtain reproducible and comparable test results, it is necessary to use the methods of preparation and conditioning, the specimen dimensions and the test procedures specified herein. Values determined will not necessarily be identical to those obtained using specimens of different dimensions or prepared using different procedures.

Specifies methods of preparation of test specimens and test methods to be used for the determination of the properties of polybutene moulding and extrusion materials. Specifies requirements for handling test material and for conditioning and gives properties and test methods which are necessary to characterize PB moulding and extrusion materials.

Establishes a system of designation for polypropylene moulding and extrusion materials, which may be used as the basis for specifications. Polypropylenes are differentiated from each other by the levels of the designatory properties such as tensile modulus, impact strength and melt index includingly modifications by colorants, additives, fillers etc.. Cancels and replaces the third edition.

Specifies methods of preparation of test specimens and test methods to be used for the determination of the properties of ethylene/vinyl acetate moulding and extrusion materials. Specifies requirements for handling test material and for conditioning and gives properties and test methods which are necessary to characterize ethylene/vinyl acetate moulding and extrusion materials. Cancels and replaces the first edition.

The types of polyethylene plastics are differentiated from each other by a classification system based on appropriate levels of the designatory properties density and melt flow rate and on information about the intended application and/or method of processing, important properties, additives, colorants, fillers and reinforcing materials. Is applicable to materials ready for normal use in the form of powder, granules or pellets and to materials unmodified or modified by colorants, additives, fillers, etc.

The types of polybutene plastics are differentiated from each other by a classification system based on appropriate levels of the designatory properties density and melt flow rate and on information about basic polymer parameters, intended application and/or method of processing, important properties, additives, colorants, fillers and reinforcing materials. Is applicable to materials ready for normal use in the form of powder, granules or pellets and to materials unmodified or modified by colorants, additives, fillers, etc.

The types of E/VAC plastics are differentiated from each other by a classification system based on appropriate levels of the designatory properties vinyl acetate content and melt flow rate and on information about intended application and/or method of processing, important properties, additives, colorants, fillers and reinforcing materials. Applies to all E/VAC copolymers containing from 3 % (m/m) to 50 % (m/m) of vinyl acetate. Is applicable to materials ready for normal use in the form of powder, granules or pellets and to materials unmodified or modified by colorants, additives, fillers, etc.