CEN/TC 154/SC 6/WG 2 - Physical Testing

This document specifies the reference method used for type testing and in case of dispute, for determining the resistance to wear of coarse aggregates (main text) and aggregates for railway ballast (Annex A) by abrasion in the micro-Deval apparatus. Other methods can be used for other purposes, such as factory production control, provided that an appropriate working relationship with the relevant reference method has been established.
This document applies to natural, manufactured, recycled or lightweight (LWA) aggregates.
NOTE   This document does not apply to all types of LWA.
The reference test is performed with the addition of water. Annex B gives details of how the test can be performed without the addition of water.
Annex A specifies the method to determine the resistance to wear of aggregates for railway ballast without abrasive charge.
Annex C specifies the test performed with alternative narrow size fractions.
Annexes D and E specify methods for determining the wear of fine aggregates.
Precision data for the reference test method are given in Annex F.
Annex A is normative and Annexes B, C, D, E and F are informative.
WARNING – The use of this part of EN 1097 can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment (such as dust, noise and heavy lifts). It does not purport to address all of the safety or environmental problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of users of this document to take appropriate measures to ensure the safety and health of personnel and the environment prior to application of this document, and fulfil statutory and regulatory requirements for this purpose.

This document specifies a basic procedure for the identification of the petrographic type of natural aggregates. It applies for usual requirements for the procedure and terminology for simplified petrographic description. Precise petrographic identification, of technical mineralogy and petrography for civil engineering or specific end uses, requires further examination and is therefore excluded from the scope of this document.
NOTE 1 In principle, a qualified geologist (petrographer), with experience of materials used in civil engineering and aware of the composition of the deposit, has sufficient skills to sample and name the rock.
NOTE 2 For precise petrographic identification and technical requirements for specific applications, a non-exhaustive list of reference literature is given in the Bibliography.
This document applies only to natural aggregates. It is used to describe rocks and sediments. It does not apply to the description and identification of manufactured or recycled aggregates.
Informative Annex A provides guidance on the petrographic nomenclature by giving definitions of simple petrographic terms applicable to rock types used for aggregates.

This document specifies the reference method used for type testing, and in case of dispute, for determining the flow coefficient of coarse and fine aggregates. Other methods can be used for other purposes, such as factory production control, provided that an appropriate working relationship with the reference method has been established. Examples of advanced test methods can be found in the Bibliography.
This document applies to coarse aggregate of sizes between 4 mm and 20 mm and to fine aggregate of size up to 2 mm. It does not apply to lightweight aggregates.
NOTE 1   For coarse aggregates between 4 mm and 20 mm, the flow coefficient is linked with the percentage of crushed or broken surfaces of an aggregate and can therefore be used in association with the method specified in EN 933-5. Shape and surface texture characteristics also influence the result.
NOTE 2   Experience of this test has been generally limited to natural aggregates.
Examples of test data sheets are given in informative Annexes A and C.
Annex B (informative) contains precision data.
WARNING - The use of this part of EN 933 can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment (such as dust, noise and heavy lifts). It does not purport to address all of the safety or environmental problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of users of this document to take appropriate measures to ensure the safety and health of personnel and the environment prior to application of the standard, and fulfil statutory and regulatory requirements for this purpose.

This document specifies the reference method, used for type testing and in case of dispute, for the determination of the percentages of crushed particles, totally crushed particles and totally rounded particles in coarse and all-in natural aggregates. Other methods can be used for other purposes, such as factory production control, provided that an appropriate working relationship with the reference method has been established.
NOTE 1   Examples of advanced test methods can be found in the Bibliography.
This document applies to coarse aggregates comprising particles within size fraction 4/63 mm. It does not apply to lightweight aggregates.
NOTE 2   For coarse aggregate between 4 mm and 20 mm the percentages of crushed surfaces are linked to the flow coefficient and can therefore be used in association with the test method specified in EN 933 6.
Clause 7.1 specifies the procedure for test portions consisting of one size fraction and Clause 7.2 specifies the procedure for test portions consisting of two or more size fractions.
Guidance for the estimated mass of various size fractions with about 100 particles is given in informative Annex A.
Examples of application of the test procedure and an example of a test data sheet are given in informative Annexes B and C.

This document specifies the reference method used for type testing and in cases of dispute for the determination of the particle density of filler by means of a pyknometer. For other purposes, in particular factory production control, other methods can be used provided that an appropriate working relationship with the reference method has been established.
NOTE   Methods for determination of particle density of aggregates are specified in EN 1097 6.
Annex A specifies the procedure for determination of the pyknometer volume. Annex B specifies the procedure for determination of the density of the liquid used to determine the particle density of the filler. Annexes A and B are normative.
WARNING — The use of this part of EN 1097 can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment (such as liquids, dust, noise and heavy lifts). It does not purport to address all of the safety or environmental problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of users of this document to take appropriate measures to ensure the safety and health of personnel and the environment prior to application of the standard, and fulfil statutory and regulatory requirements for this purpose.

This document specifies the reference method used for type testing and in cases of dispute, for the determination of the methylene blue value of the size 0/2 mm fraction in fine aggregates or all-in aggregates (MB). It also specifies the reference method for the determination of the methylene blue value of the size 0/0,125 mm fraction (MBF) in normative Annex A. Other methods can be used for other purposes, such as factory production control, provided that an appropriate working relationship with the suitable reference method has been established.
Annex B specifies the preparation of 10 g/l methylene blue solution and Annex C specifies the procedure for the determination of the methylene blue value of kaolinite (MBk). Annexes B and C are normative.
A conformity check, adding a single quantity of dye solution equivalent to a specified limiting value and which can be used as part of a production control process, is described in informative Annex D.
An example of a test data sheet is given in informative Annex E.
WARNING – The use of this part of EN 933 can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment (such as dust, noise and heavy lifts). It does not purport to address all of the safety or environmental problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of users of this document to take appropriate measures to ensure the safety and health of personnel and the environment prior to application of the standard, and fulfil statutory and regulatory requirements for this purpose.

This document specifies the reference methods used for type testing and in case of dispute, for the determination of particle density and water absorption of normal weight and lightweight aggregates. Other methods can be used for other purposes, such as factory production control, provided that an appropriate working relationship with the reference method has been established. For convenience, some of these other methods are also described in this document.
The reference methods for normal weight aggregates are:
-   a wire basket method for aggregate particles retained on the 31,5 mm sieve (Clause 7, except for railway ballast which uses Annex B);
-   a pyknometer method for aggregate particles passing the 31,5 mm sieve and retained on the 4 mm sieve (Clause 8);
-   a pyknometer method for aggregate particles passing the 4 mm sieve and retained on the 0,063 mm sieve (Clause 9).
In Clauses 7, 8 and 9, three different particle densities (oven-dried particle density, saturated and surface-dried particle density and apparent particle density) and water absorption are determined after a soaking period of 24 h. In Annex B, the oven-dried particle density is determined after soaking in water to constant mass.
For aggregate particles passing the 31,5 mm sieve and retained on the 4 mm sieve, the wire basket method in Clause 7 can be used as an alternative to the pyknometer method in Clause 8.
NOTE 1   The wire basket method can also be used for single aggregate particles retained on the 63 mm sieve.
NOTE 2   The pyknometer method described in Clause 8 can be used as an alternative for aggregates passing the 4 mm sieve and retained on the 2 mm sieve.
The reference methods for lightweight aggregates are:
-   a pyknometer method for aggregate particles passing the 31,5 mm sieve and retained on the 4 mm sieve (Annex C). Three different particle densities (oven-dried; saturated and surface-dried; apparent) and water absorption are determined after pre-drying and a soaking period of 24 h;
-   a method, using a Büchner funnel, for aggregate particles passing the 4 mm sieve (Annex D). The three particle densities and water absorption are determined using a vacuum in the range of 50 mbar to 100 mbar for at least five minutes.
Three other methods for normal weight aggregates can be used to determine the pre-dried particle density, as specified in normative Annexes A and H:
-   a wire basket method for aggregate particles passing the 63 mm sieve and retained on the 31,5 mm sieve (A.3);
-   a pyknometer method for aggregate particles passing the 31,5 mm sieve and retained on the 0,063 mm sieve (A.4);
-   a pyknometer method for aggregate particles passing the 31,5 mm sieve, including the 0/0,063 mm size fraction (Annex H).
NOTE 3   If water absorption is less than about 1,5 %, the apparent particle density can be assessed using the pre-dried particle density method as defined in Annex A.
The quick method in normative Annex E can be used in factory production control to determine the apparent particle density of lightweight aggregates.
The method in informative Annex F can be used to determine the particle density and water absorption of aggregate particles passing the 4 mm sieve.
Data on the density of water at various temperatures is specified in normative Annex G.
Guidance on the significance and use of the various density and water absorption parameters is given in informative Annex I.
Precision data are presented in informative Annex J.

This document specifies the nominal size of apertures for test sieves used for determination of particle size of aggregates.
It applies to:
a)   test sieves of perforated metal plate having square holes of size from 4 mm and up to 125 mm;
b)   test sieves of metal wire cloth having aperture sizes below 4 mm down to 0,063 mm.

This document describes the reference method, the Los Angeles test, used for type testing and in case of dispute (and an alternative method, the impact test) for determining the resistance to fragmentation of coarse aggregates (main text) and aggregates for railway ballast (Annex A). For other purposes, in particular factory production control, other methods are possible provided that an appropriate working relationship with the reference method has been established.
This document applies to natural, manufactured or recycled aggregates used in building and civil engineering.
Annex A describes a method for the determination of resistance to fragmentation of aggregates for railway ballast.
Annex B gives alternative narrow range classifications for the Los Angeles test and the impact test.
Annex C contains construction, operation and safety requirements for the impact tester.
Annex D describes a method for checking of the impact tester.
Annex E gives precision data.
Annex F contains a worked example of calculation of impact value SZ.
Annex G gives an alternative narrow range classification for the Los Angeles test of 16/32 mm recycled aggregates.
Annex H proposes an additional sieve for the evaluation of the Los Angeles test for railway ballast.
Annex A is normative and Annexes B to H are informative.

This document describes the reference method used for type testing and in case of dispute for determining the polished stone value (PSV) of a coarse aggregate used in road surfacings. For other purposes, in particular factory production control, other methods are possible provided that an appropriate working relationship with the reference method has been established. Examples of advanced test methods can be found in the Bibliography.
Annex A describes an optional method for the determination of the aggregate abrasion value (AAV).
NOTE 1   The AAV method is suitable to use when particular types of skid resistant aggregates, (typically those with a PSV of 60 or greater) which can be susceptible to abrasion under traffic, are required.
The sample is taken from normal run of production from the plant.
NOTE 2   Chippings that have been freshly crushed in the laboratory or recovered from bituminous materials may give misleading results.

This document specifies the reference method used for type testing and in case of dispute, for determination of the particle size distribution of aggregates, by washing and dry sieving. Other methods can be used for other purposes, such as factory production control, provided that an appropriate working relationship with the reference method has been established.
This document applies to all aggregates, with an upper aggregate size D up to 90 mm, but excluding added filler aggregates.
NOTE The determination of the grading of fillers is specified in EN 933-10 [1].
Annex A specifies a test method for aggregates unsuitable for oven-drying.
Annex B specifies additional steps for preparation of the test portion for all-in aggregates with D ≥ 31,5 mm, without washing size fractions greater than 16 mm.
Annex C provides guidance for maximum mass on sieves to avoid overloading.
Annex D provides an example of test data sheet.
Annex E provides a sheet for graphical presentation of test results.
Annex F gives precision data.
Annex A is normative and Annexes B, C, D, E and F are informative.
WARNING - The use of this part of EN 933 can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment (such as dust, noise and heavy lifts). It does not purport to address all of the safety or environmental problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of users of this document to take appropriate measures to ensure the safety and health of personnel and the environment prior to application of the standard, and fulfil statutory and regulatory requirements for this purpose.