Method of testing fly ash - Part 1: Determination of free calcium oxide content

This European Standard specifies the procedure for the determination of free calcium oxide content in fly ash.
The European Standard specifies the reference procedure. If other methods are used it needs to be shown that they give results equivalent to those obtained by the reference method.

Prüfverfahren für Flugasche - Teil 1: Bestimmung des freien Calciumoxidgehalts

Diese Europäische Norm legt das Verfahren zur Bestimmung des freien Calciumoxidgehalts in Flugasche fest.
Diese Europäische Norm legt das Referenzverfahren fest. Wenn andere Verfahren verwendet werden, ist nachzuweisen, dass die mit diesen Verfahren erzielten Ergebnisse denjenigen des Referenzverfahrens entsprechen.

Méthode d'essai des cendres volantes - Partie 1 : Détermination de la teneur en oxyde de calcium libre

La présente Norme européenne spécifie le mode opératoire qui permet de déterminer la teneur en oxyde de calcium libre des cendres volantes.
Elle spécifie la méthode de référence. Si d'autres méthodes sont utilisées, il est nécessaire de démontrer qu'elles permettent d'obtenir des résultats équivalents à ceux obtenus au moyen de la méthode de référence.

Metoda preskušanja elektrofiltrskega pepela - 1. del: Ugotavljanje deleža prostega kalcijevega oksida

Ta evropski standard opisuje postopek za ugotavljanje deleža prostega kalcijevega oksida v elektrofiltrskem pepelu.
Standard opisuje referenčni postopek. Če se uporabljajo druge metode, je treba dokazati, da so rezultati enakovredni rezultatom referenčne metode.

General Information

Status
Published
Public Enquiry End Date
29-Sep-2015
Publication Date
10-Aug-2017
ICS
91.100.30 - Concrete and concrete products
Technical Committee
BBB - Concrete, reinforced concrete and prestressed concrete
Current Stage
6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
Start Date
19-Jun-2017
Due Date
24-Aug-2017
Completion Date
11-Aug-2017
Ref Project
EN 451-1:2017 - Method of testing fly ash - Part 1: Determination of free calcium oxide content

Relations

Replaces
SIST EN 451-1:2004 - Method of testing fly ash - Part 1: Determination of free calcium oxide content
Effective Date
01-Sep-2017

Overview

SIST EN 451-1:2017 is a European Standard developed by CEN that establishes the reference method for the determination of free calcium oxide (CaO) content in fly ash. This standard is an essential part of the testing methods for fly ash used in the construction industry, particularly in concrete and related products. It supersedes the previous version EN 451-1:2003 and serves as a benchmark for evaluating fly ash quality to ensure its suitability and performance in concrete applications.

The method specified by SIST EN 451-1:2017 involves a chemical titration procedure after treating fly ash samples with reagents under controlled conditions. The standard outlines detailed protocols for sample preparation, reagents, apparatus, and calculation methods, emphasizing accuracy, repeatability, and reproducibility.

Key Topics

  • Scope and Purpose
    SIST EN 451-1:2017 defines the procedure specifically for quantifying free calcium oxide in fly ash. This parameter is critical for assessing pozzolanic activity and the quality of fly ash in concrete manufacturing.

  • Sample Preparation
    The standard describes how to prepare fly ash samples, including sieving, grinding, and homogenizing to obtain representative subsamples for testing.

  • Reagents and Apparatus
    Lists analytical-grade reagents such as butanoic acid, butan-2-ol, hydrochloric acid, and bromophenol blue indicator. It also specifies the necessary laboratory equipment including balances, reflux condensers, and filter crucibles.

  • Testing Procedure
    Samples are boiled in a mixture of reagents under reflux conditions, filtered, and titrated with hydrochloric acid to determine free CaO content. Endpoints are typically identified by color change or alternative measurement methods such as pH or conductivity.

  • Calculations and Results
    The free CaO content is calculated based on titration volume, reagent concentration, and sample mass, presented as a percentage by mass of dry fly ash.

  • Accuracy and Reliability
    The document defines repeatability and reproducibility limits derived from interlaboratory studies, ensuring reliable and comparable results across different laboratories.

Applications

SIST EN 451-1:2017 is vital for quality control in industries where fly ash is used as a supplementary cementitious material. Key applications include:

  • Concrete Production
    Determining free calcium oxide content helps predict the reactivity and hydraulic properties of fly ash when used in concrete, directly influencing strength, durability, and setting times.

  • Construction Materials Testing
    The standard supports laboratories in certifying fly ash quality for use in structural and non-structural building components.

  • Environmental and Regulatory Compliance
    Ensures that fly ash meets European requirements for chemical composition, reducing risks associated with variability in free CaO content.

  • Research and Development
    Enables material scientists to analyze fly ash characteristics to innovate improved cementitious blends and sustainable construction materials.

Related Standards

  • EN 450-1:2012 – Fly ash for concrete – Definitions, specifications, and conformity criteria, providing foundational quality criteria for fly ash products.

  • EN 451-2 – Method of testing fly ash – Part 2: Determination of fineness by wet sieving, complementing the chemical testing methods.

  • ISO 565 – Test sieves for particle size analysis, referenced for sample preparation in EN 451-1.

  • ISO 3534-1 – Statistics vocabulary and symbols, underlying statistical principles for repeatability and reproducibility in testing.

Adhering to SIST EN 451-1:2017 ensures consistent, accurate assessment of free calcium oxide in fly ash, contributing to the production of high-quality concrete and sustainable building materials throughout Europe and internationally.

Frequently Asked Questions

SIST EN 451-1:2017 is a standard published by the Slovenian Institute for Standardization (SIST). Its full title is "Method of testing fly ash - Part 1: Determination of free calcium oxide content". This standard covers: This European Standard specifies the procedure for the determination of free calcium oxide content in fly ash. The European Standard specifies the reference procedure. If other methods are used it needs to be shown that they give results equivalent to those obtained by the reference method.

This European Standard specifies the procedure for the determination of free calcium oxide content in fly ash. The European Standard specifies the reference procedure. If other methods are used it needs to be shown that they give results equivalent to those obtained by the reference method.

SIST EN 451-1:2017 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 91.100.30 - Concrete and concrete products. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.

SIST EN 451-1:2017 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to SIST EN 451-1:2004. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.

SIST EN 451-1:2017 is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.

Standards Content (Sample)


SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-september-2017
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 451-1:2004
Metoda preskušanja elektrofiltrskega pepela - 1. del: Ugotavljanje deleža prostega
kalcijevega oksida
Method of testing fly ash - Part 1: Determination of free calcium oxide content
Prüfverfahren für Flugasche - Teil 1: Bestimmung des freien Calciumoxidgehalts
Méthode d'essai des cendres volantes - Partie 1 : Détermination de la teneur en oxyde
de calcium libre
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 451-1:2017
ICS:
91.100.30 Beton in betonski izdelki Concrete and concrete
products
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EN 451-1
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
May 2017
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 91.100.30 Supersedes EN 451-1:2003
English Version
Method of testing fly ash - Part 1: Determination of free
calcium oxide content
Méthode d'essai des cendres volantes - Partie 1: Prüfverfahren für Flugasche - Teil 1: Bestimmung des
Détermination de la teneur en oxyde de calcium libre freien Calciumoxidgehalts
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 27 February 2017.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2017 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 451-1:2017 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 3
1 Scope . 4
2 Normative references . 4
3 General . 4
3.1 Number of determinations . 4
3.2 Repeatability and reproducibility . 4
3.3 Expression of masses and volumes. 4
4 Reagents . 4
5 Apparatus . 5
6 Procedure. 5
6.1 Preparation of sample . 5
6.2 Determination . 5
6.3 Calculation . 5
7 Result . 6
8 Repeatability and reproducibility . 6

European foreword
This document (EN 451-1:2017) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 104 “Concrete
and related products”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2017, and conflicting national standards
shall be withdrawn at the latest by November 2017.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights.
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