SIST EN 16966:2019
(Main)Workplace exposure - Measurement of exposure by inhalation of nano-objects and their aggregates and agglomerates - Metrics to be used such as number concentration, surface area concentration and mass concentration
Workplace exposure - Measurement of exposure by inhalation of nano-objects and their aggregates and agglomerates - Metrics to be used such as number concentration, surface area concentration and mass concentration
This European Standard specifies the use of different metrics for the measurement of exposure by inhalation of NOAA during a basic assessment and a comprehensive assessment, respectively, as described in EN 17058 [1].
This document demonstrates the implications of choice of particle metric to express the exposure by inhalation to airborne NOAA, e.g. released from nanomaterials and present the principles of operation, advantages and disadvantages of various techniques that measure the different aerosol metrics.
Potential problems and limitations are described and need to be addressed when occupational exposure limit values might be adopted in the future and compliance measurements will be carried out.
Specific information is mainly given for the following metrics/measurement techniques:
- Number/Condensation Particle Counters by optical detection;
- Number size distribution/differential mobility analysing systems by electrical mobility;
- Surface area/electrical charge on available particle surface;
- Mass/chemical analyses (e.g. Inductively Coupled Plasma atomic Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS), X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF)) on size-selective samples (e.g. by impaction or diffusion).
This document is intended for those responsible for selecting measurement methods for occupational exposure to airborne NOAA.
Exposition am Arbeitsplatz - Messung der inhalativen Exposition gegenüber Nanoobjekten und deren Aggregaten und Agglomeraten - Zu verwendende Metriken wie Anzahlkonzentration, Oberflächenkonzentration und Massenkonzentration
Diese Europäische Norm legt die Anwendung verschiedener Metriken für die Messung der Exposition durch Einatmen gegenüber NOAA während einer grundlegenden und einer umfassenden Beurteilung nach EN 17058 [1] fest.
Dieses Dokument demonstriert die Auswirkungen der Wahl der Partikelmetrik, um die Exposition durch Einatmen gegenüber luftgetragenen NOAA zum Ausdruck zu bringen, die z. B. aus Nanomaterialien frei¬gesetzt werden, und zeigt die Arbeitsweisen sowie die Vor- und Nachteile der verschiedenen Techniken auf, mit denen die verschiedenen Aerosolmetriken gemessen werden.
Mögliche Probleme und Einschränkungen werden beschrieben und sind zu beachten, wenn die Grenz-werte der maximalen Arbeitsplatzkonzentration künftig angenommen werden könnten und Messungen in Bezug auf deren Einhaltung durchgeführt werden.
Besondere Informationen werden vor allem für die folgenden Metriken/Messverfahren gegeben:
- Anzahlkonzentration/Kondensationspartikelzähler durch optischen Nachweis;
- Anzahlgrößenverteilung/differentielle Mobilitätsanalysesysteme durch elektrische Mobilität;
- Oberfläche/elektrische Ladung auf der zur Verfügung stehenden Partikeloberfläche;
- Masse/chemische Analysen (z. B. durch Massenspektrometrie mit induktiv gekoppeltem Plasma [en: Inductively Coupled Plasma atomic Mass Spectrometry, ICP MS], Röntgenfluoreszenzanalyse [en: X Ray Fluorescence, XRF]) an größenselektiven Proben (z. B. durch Impaktion oder Diffusion).
Dieses Dokument ist für diejenigen vorgesehen, die für die Auswahl von Messverfahren für die berufsbedingte Exposition gegenüber NOAA verantwortlich sind.
Exposition sur les lieux de travail - Mesurage de l'exposition par inhalation de nano-objets et de leurs agrégats et agglomérats - Métriques à utiliser telles que concentration en nombre, concentration en surface et concentration en masse
La présente Norme européenne spécifie l’utilisation de différentes métriques pour le mesurage de l’exposition par inhalation de NOAA lors d'une évaluation de base et d'une évaluation complète, respectivement, comme décrit dans l’EN 17058 [1].
Le présent document démontre les conséquences du choix d'une métrique de particules pour exprimer l'exposition par inhalation aux NOAA en suspension dans l'air, par exemple du fait de la mise en suspension de nanomatériaux ), et présente les principes de fonctionnement, les avantages et les inconvénients de diverses techniques permettant de mesurer les différents paramètres des aérosols.
Les problèmes et limites potentiels sont décrits et doivent être traités lorsque des valeurs limites d'exposition professionnelle sont susceptibles d'être adoptées dans le futur et des mesures de conformités réalisées.
Des informations spécifiques sont données essentiellement pour les principales métriques/techniques de mesure suivantes :
- nombre/Compteurs de Particules à Condensation par détection optique ;
- distribution granulométrique en nombre/systèmes d'analyse différentielle de mobilité électrique ;
- surface/charge électrique sur la surface disponible des particules ;
- masse/analyses chimiques (par exemple spectrométrie de masse à plasma couplé par induction (ICP-MS), fluorescence X (XRF)) d'échantillons sélectifs en taille (par exemple par impaction ou diffusion).
Le présent document s'adresse aux personnes responsables du choix des méthodes de mesure de l'exposition professionnelle aux NOAA en suspension dans l'air.
Izpostavljenost na delovnem mestu - Merjenje izpostavljenosti pri vdihavanju nanopredmetov ter njihovih agregatov in aglomeratov - Uporaba metrik, kot so številčna koncentracija, masna koncentracija in koncentracija površine
Ta evropski standard podaja smernice glede vplivov na izbiro metrike delcev za izražanje izpostavljenosti nanoaerosolom, predstavlja načela delovanja, prednosti in slabosti različnih tehnik, ki merijo te metrike aerosolov, ter opisuje morebitne težave in omejitve.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.UãLQHExposition am Arbeitsplatz - Messung der inhalativen Exposition gegenüber Nanoobjekten und deren Aggregaten und Agglomeraten - Zu verwendende Metriken wie Anzahlkonzentration, Oberflächenkonzentration und MassenkonzentrationExposition sur les lieux de travail - Mesurage de l'exposition par inhalation de nano-objets et de leurs agrégats et agglomérats - Métriques à utiliser telles que concentration en nombre, concentration en surface et concentration en masseWorkplace exposure - Measurement of exposure by inhalation of nano-objects and their aggregates and agglomerates - Metrics to be used such as number concentration, surface area concentration and mass concentration13.040.30Kakovost zraka na delovnem mestuWorkplace atmospheresICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 16966:2018SIST EN 16966:2019en01-januar-2019SIST EN 16966:2019SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 16966
November
t r s z ICS
s uä r v rä u r English Version
Workplace exposure æ Measurement of exposure by inhalation of nanoæobjects and their aggregates and agglomerates æ Metrics to be used such as number concentrationá surface area concentration and mass concentration Exposition sur les lieux de travail æ Mesurage de l 5exposition par inhalation de nanoæobjets et de leurs agrégats et agglomérats æ Métriques à utiliser telles que concentration en nombreá concentration en surface et concentration en masse
Exposition am Arbeitsplatz æ Messung der inhalativen Exposition gegenüber Nanoobjekten und deren Aggregaten und Agglomeraten æ Zu verwendende Metriken wie Anzahlkonzentrationá Oberflächenkonzentration und MassenkonzentrationThis European Standard was approved by CEN on
t y August
t r s zä
egulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alterationä Upætoædate lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CENæCENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN memberä
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CENæCENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versionsä
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t r s z CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Membersä Refä Noä EN
s x { x xã t r s z ESIST EN 16966:2019
Page European foreword . 5 Introduction . 6 1 Scope . 7 2 Normative references . 7 3 Terms and definitions . 7 4 Symbols and abbreviations . 12 5 Relevance of ISO definition for assessing health impacts of airborne NOAA . 13 6 Particle metrics and their selection . 13 6.1 Workplace aerosols consisting of NOAA . 13 6.2 NOAA metrics . 14 6.3 NOAA number metric, NOAA surface area metric and NOAA mass metric . 14 6.4 Occupational exposure limits for NOAA . 15 7 Exposure assessment strategy based on EN 17058 . 15 7.1 General . 15 7.2 Basic assessment according to EN 17058 . 16 7.3 Comprehensive assessment according to EN 17058 . 16 7.4 Personal samplers versus static samplers/monitors . 17 8 Determination of exposure . 17 8.1 General . 17 8.2 Introductory remarks regarding the measurement of particle metrics . 18 8.2.1 General . 18 8.2.2 Continuous measurement and display (using a monitor) or post-sampling analytical determination of a NOAA metric . 19 8.2.3 Calculation/estimation of a NOAA metric based on the size-resolved NOAA distribution . 20 8.2.4 Calculation of NOAA mass ensemble metric based on the size-resolved NOAA mass metric . 20 8.3 Information of the measurement of particle metrics . 20 Annex A (informative)
Source domains of workplace exposure scenarios for engineered/ manufactured NOAA . 21 Annex B (informative)
Evolution of available instrumental technology since the publication of ISO/TR 27628 and ISO/TR 12885 . 22 Annex C (informative)
Direct-reading instruments for measuring the NOAA ensemble number metric . 23 C.1 General . 23 C.2 Condensation particle counter . 23 C.2.1 Principle of operation . 23 C.2.2 Assumptions, limits and potential problems . 23 C.2.3 Accuracy and comparability according to EN 16897 . 24 SIST EN 16966:2019
Monitors for measuring the NOAA ensemble surface area metric . 26 D.1 General . 26 D.2 Assumptions, limits and potential problems . 26 D.3 Accuracy and comparability . 28 Annex E (informative)
Samplers for determining the NOAA mass (chemical element) metric by off-line analysis . 29 E.1 General . 29 E.2 Ensemble of all sampled particles analysed . 29 E.2.1 General . 29 E.2.2 Assumptions, potential problems and comparability . 30 E.3 Individual particles analysed . 30 E.3.1 General . 30 E.3.2 Assumptions, potential problems and comparability . 30 Annex F (informative)
Monitors for measuring the size-resolved NOAA number metric (number-weighted electric mobility equivalent diameter distribution) . 31 F.1 General . 31 F.2 DMAS of various designs . 31 F.2.1 General . 31 F.2.2 Assumptions, potential problems and comparability . 31 F.2.3 International Standards on the use of DMAS . 32 Annex G (informative)
Samplers for determining the size-resolved NOAA mass metric (mass-weighted diffusive equivalent diameter distribution) by off-line analysis . 33 G.1 General . 33 G.2 Diffusion spectrometers . 33 G.2.1 General . 33 G.2.2 Assumptions and potential problems . 33 Annex H (informative)
Samplers for determining the size-resolved NOAA mass (chemical element/ compound) metric (mass-weighted aerodynamic equivalent diameter distribution) by off-line analysis. 34 H.1 General . 34 H.2 Cascade impactors . 34 H.2.1 General . 34 H.2.2 Assumptions and potential problems . 34 SIST EN 16966:2019
Monitors for determining the size-resolved NOAA number metric (number-weighted aerodynamic equivalent diameter distribution) . 35 I.1 General . 35 I.2 Assumptions and potential problems . 35 Annex J (informative)
Number-weighted minimum Feret diameter distribution of primary particles of aggregates and constituent parts of aggregates . 36 J.1 Distinction between a NOAA and a non-NOAA particle . 36 J.2 Aggregates and agglomerates . 36 J.3 Sample analysis in an electron microscope . 36 J.3.1 General . 36 J.3.2 Assumptions and potential problems . 37 Bibliography . 38
1 Currently, the EU has a recommendation for a definition of nanomaterial [SOURCE: Official Journal of the European Union L275/38, 20 October 2011]. In this document the ISO definition on nanomaterial is used. SIST EN 16966:2019
For nanoscale particles, Brownian diffusion is the dominant source of relative motion between particles, whereas for particles of significantly different sizes, the corresponding settling velocities can be the dominant source. Coagulation leads to a reduction in the number concentration of airborne particles and a simultaneous increase in particle size. The mass concentration remain unaffected by coagulation, and for solid particles, the surface area concentration also remain unaffected by coagulation. 3.6 coincidence simultaneous occurance of two particles in the sensing zone of an instrument which are registered as one (possibly larger) particle SIST EN 16966:2019
The term ultrafine particles is often used to describe unintentionally produced nano-objects. [SOURCE: CEN ISO/TS 80004-2:2017, 4.3, modified — Note 2 has been added] 3.11 material density particle material density ratio of particle mass to particle volume excluding all pores, voids and other gas containing compartments 3.12 median diameter median particle diameter particle size of a particle distribution for which one-half the total number of particles are larger and one-half are smaller [SOURCE: ISO 16972:2010, 3.47] [6] 3.13 metric airborne metric NOAA metric concentration metric amount of a selected NOAA characteristic in which the particle concentration is expressed SIST EN 16966:2019
Properties that are not extrapolations from larger sizes are predominantly exhibited in this length range. [SOURCE: CEN ISO/TS 80004-1: 2015, 2.1] 3.18 particle minute piece of matter with defined physical boundaries Note 1 to entry: A physical boundary can also be described as an interface. Note 2 to entry: A particle can move as a unit. Note 3 to entry: This general particle definition applies to nano-objects. Note 4 to entry:
The physical phase of the particle can be either solid or liquid. [SOURCE: ISO 26824:2013, 1.1, modified — Note 4 has been added] SIST EN 16966:2019
For particles with aerodynamic diameter above approximately 0,4 diameter becomes more significant in characterizing deposition than particle diffusive diameter. [SOURCE: EN ISO 13138:2012, 3.2, modified — 'Particle diffusive diameter" introduced as new preferred term, further admitted terms added, term 'thermodynamic diameter' referred as deprecated] [8] 3.21 particle mobility diameter particle mobility equivalent diameter mobility equivalent diameter mobility diameter dme diameter of a sphere carrying a single elementary charge with the same drift speed in an electric field as the particle under prevailing condition of temperature and pressure SIST EN 16966:2019
Agglomerates and aggregates are also termed secondary particles. [SOURCE: ISO 26824:2013, 1.4] 3.23 size-resolved (adjective) indicating that the distribution of a specific property is known for a set of particle sizes Note 1 to entry: This could, for example, refer to concentrations of particle number, surface area or mass. 3.24 surface area particle surface area external (geometric) surface area of a particle Note 1 to entry: Only for spherical particles can the particle surface area be directly determined from particle size distribution. Note 2 to entry: The measured value of the surface area of a particle depends on the measurement method used. The use of small gas molecules (BET method), diffusive charging of particles with air ions (see Annex D) or image analyses in an electron microscope (see Annex J) usually result in different measured values, due to the implicit assumptions/ limitations of the respective methods. 3.25 volume diameter volume equivalent diameter diameter of a sphere with the same volume as the particle under prevailing condition of temperature and pressure Note 1 to entry: The volume diameter of a particle depends on its size and shape, but not its density. Note 2 to entry: Internal gas-filled voids and pores are not included in the volume of a particle. 4 Symbols and abbreviations CMD Count Median Diameter (the number-weighted median diameter) CNT Carbon NanoTube CPC Condensation Particle Counter DC Diffusion Charger DEMC Differential Electrical Mobility Classifier DMAS Differential Mobility Analysing System SIST EN 16966:2019
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