SIST EN ISO 12100:2011

SLOVENSKI SIST EN ISO 12100
STANDARD
februar 2011












Varnost strojev – Splošna načela načrtovanja – Ocena tveganja in
zmanjšanje tveganja (ISO 12100:2010)

Safety of machinery – General principles for design – Risk assessment and risk
reduction (ISO 12100:2010)

Sécurité des machines – Principes généraux de conception – Appréciation du
risque et réduction du risque (ISO 12100:2010)

Sicherheit von Maschinen – Allgemeine Gestaltungsleitsätze – Risikobewertung
und Risikominderung (ISO 12100:2010)




















Referenčna oznaka
ICS 13.110 SIST EN ISO 12100:2011 (sl)


Nadaljevanje na straneh II in od 1 do 84



© 2012-11 Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------

SIST EN ISO 12100 : 2011
NACIONALNI UVOD

Standard SIST EN ISO 12100 (sl), Varnost strojev – Splošna načela načrtovanja – Ocena tveganja in
zmanjšanje tveganja (ISO 12100:2010), 2011, ima status slovenskega standarda in je istoveten
evropskemu standardu EN ISO 12100 (en), Safety of machinery – General principles for design – Risk
assessment and risk reduction (ISO 12100:2010), 2010.

NACIONALNI PREDGOVOR

Evropski standard EN ISO 12100:2010 je pripravil tehnični odbor Evropskega komiteja za
standardizacijo CEN/TC 114 Varnost strojev, katerega sekretariat vodi DIN.

Slovenski standard SIST EN ISO 12100:2011 je prevod evropskega standarda EN ISO 12100:2010. V
primeru spora glede besedila slovenskega prevoda v tem standardu je odločilen izvirni evropski
standard v angleškem jeziku. Slovensko izdajo standarda je pripravil tehnični odbor SIST/TC VSN
Varnost strojev in naprav.

Odločitev za privzem tega standarda je dne 23. novembra 2010 sprejel tehnični odbor SIST/TC VSN
Varnost strojev in naprav.

ZVEZA S STANDARDI

S privzemom tega evropskega standarda veljajo za omejeni namen referenčnih standardov vsi
standardi, navedeni v izvirniku, razen standardov, ki so že sprejeti v nacionalno standardizacijo:

SIST EN 60204-1:2006 Varnost strojev – Električna oprema strojev – 1. del: Splošne zahteve (IEC
60204-1:2005, spremenjen)

OSNOVA ZA IZDAJO STANDARDA
– privzem evropskega standarda EN ISO 12100:2010
PREDHODNE IZDAJE
– SIST EN ISO 12100-1:2004, Varnost strojev – Osnovni pojmi, splošna načela načrtovanja –
1. del: Osnovna terminologija, metodologija (ISO 12100-1:2003)
– SIST EN ISO 12100-1:2004/A1:2010, Varnost strojev – Osnovni pojmi, splošna načela načrtovanja –
1. del: Osnovna terminologija, metodologija – Dopolnilo 1 (ISO 12100-1:2003/Amd 1:2009)
– SIST EN ISO 12100-2:2004, Varnost strojev – Osnovni pojmi, splošna načela načrtovanja – 2. del:
Tehnična načela (ISO 12100-2:2003)
– SIST EN ISO 12100-2:2004/A1:2010, Varnost strojev – Osnovni pojmi, splošna načela
načrtovanja – 2. del: Tehnična načela – Dopolnilo 1 (ISO 12100-2:2003/Amd 1:2009)

OPOMBI

– Povsod, kjer se v besedilu standarda uporabljata izraza "evropski standard" in "mednarodni standard",
v SIST EN ISO 12100:2011 to pomeni “slovenski standard”.

– Nacionalni uvod in nacionalni predgovor nista sestavni del evropskega standarda.






II

---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------

SIST EN ISO 12100 : 2011
– Ta nacionalni dokument je istoveten EN ISO 12100:2010 in je objavljen z dovoljenjem

CEN
Management Centre
Avenue Marnix 17
B-1000 Bruselj

This national document is identical with EN ISO 12100:2010 and is published with the permission of

CEN
Management Centre
Avenue Marnix 17
B-1000 Brussels

III

---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------

EVROPSKI STANDARD EN ISO 12100
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
NORME EUROPÉENNE november 2010


ICS: 13.110 Nadomešča EN ISO 12100-1:2003, EN ISO 12100-2:2003,
EN ISO 14121-1:2007




Slovenska izdaja

Varnost strojev – Splošna načela načrtovanja – Ocena tveganja in zmanjšanje
tveganja (ISO 12100:2010)

Safety of machinery – General Sécurité des machines – Principes Sicherheit von Maschinen –
principles for design – Risk généraux de conception – Appréciation Allgemeine Gestaltungsleitsätze –
assessment and risk reduction du risque et réduction du risque Risikobewertung und Risikominderung
(ISO 12100:2010) (ISO 12100:2010) (ISO 12100:2010)




Ta evropski standard je 9. oktobra 2010 odobril CEN.

Člani CEN morajo izpolnjevati notranje predpise CEN/CENELEC, ki določajo pogoje, pod katerimi
dobi ta evropski standard status nacionalnega standarda brez kakršnihkoli sprememb. Sezname
najnovejših izdaj teh nacionalnih standardov in njihove bibliografske podatke je mogoče na zahtevo
dobiti pri Upravnem centru CEN-CENELEC ali pri članih CEN.

Ta evropski standard obstaja v treh uradnih izdajah (angleški, francoski in nemški). Izdaje v drugih
jezikih, ki jih člani CEN na lastno odgovornost prevedejo in izdajo ter priglasijo pri Upravnem centru
CEN-CENELEC, veljajo kot uradne izdaje.

Člani CEN so nacionalni organi za standarde Avstrije, Belgije, Bolgarije, Cipra, Češke republike,
Danske, Estonije, Finske, Francije, Grčije, Hrvaške, Irske, Islandije, Italije, Latvije, Litve,
Luksemburga, Madžarske, Malte, Nemčije, Nizozemske, Norveške, Poljske, Portugalske, Romunije,
Slovaške, Slovenije, Španije, Švedske, Švice in Združenega kraljestva.








CEN
Evropski komite za standardizacijo
European Committee for Standardization
Europäisches Komitee für Normung
Comité Européen de Normalisation

Upravni center: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Bruselj


© 2010. Lastnice avtorskih pravic so vse države članice CEN Ref. oznaka: EN ISO 12100:2010: E

---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------

SIST EN ISO 12100 : 2011
VSEBINA Stran

Predgovor k evropskemu standardu .3
Predgovor k mednarodnemu standardu.4
Uvod .5
1 Področje uporabe .6
2 Zveze s standardi .6
3 Izrazi in definicije .6
4 Postopki ocenjevanja in zmanjševanja tveganja.13
5 Ocena tveganja .17
5.1 Splošno.17
5.2 Podatki za oceno tveganja .17
5.3 Ugotavljanje omejitev stroja .18
5.4 Prepoznavanje nevarnosti.19
5.5 Ugotavljanje tveganja .20
5.6 Vrednotenje tveganja.24
6 Zmanjševanje tveganja.25
6.1 Splošno.25
6.2 Vgrajena varnost .26
6.3 Varovanje in dopolnilni varovalni ukrepi.37
6.4 Navodila za uporabo.47
7 Dokumentacija ocene tveganja in zmanjševanja tveganja.51
Dodatek A (informativni): Shematska predstavitev stroja .53
Dodatek B (informativni): Primeri nevarnosti, nevarnih stanj in nevarnih dogodkov.54
Dodatek C (informativni): Štirijezični pregled in abecedni seznam strokovnih izrazov,
uporabljenih v ISO 12100.64
Dodatek ZA (informativni): Razmerje med tem evropskim standardom in bistvenimi zahtevami
Direktive 2006/42/ES .82
Literatura.83
2

---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------

SIST EN ISO 12100 : 2011

Predgovor k evropskemu standardu
Ta dokument (EN ISO 12100:2010) je pripravil tehnični odbor ISO/TC 199 Varnost strojev v
sodelovanju s tehničnim odborom CEN/TC 114 Varnost strojev, katerega sekretariat vodi DIN.

Ta evropski standard mora dobiti status nacionalnega standarda bodisi z objavo istovetnega besedila
ali z razglasitvijo najpozneje maja 2011, nasprotujoče nacionalne standarde pa je treba razveljaviti
najpozneje novembra 2013.

Opozoriti velja, da so nekateri elementi tega dokumenta lahko predmet patentnih pravic. CEN (in/ali
CENELEC) ni odgovoren za ugotavljanje katere koli ali vseh takšnih patentnih pravic.

Ta dokument nadomešča EN ISO 12100-1:2003, EN ISO 12100-2:2003, EN ISO 14121-1:2007.

Ta druga izdaja razveljavlja in nadomešča ISO 12100-1:2003, ISO 12100-1:2003/Amd 1:2009, ISO
12100-2:2003, ISO 12100-2:2003/Amd 1:2009 in ISO 14121-1:2007, ki jih združuje brez tehničnih
sprememb. Dokumentacije (npr. ocene tveganja, standardov tipa C), ki temelji na teh nadomeščenih
dokumentih, ni treba posodabljati ali popravljati.

Pripravo tega dokumenta sta Evropska komisija in Evropsko združenje za prosto trgovino poverila
CEN. Ta evropski dokument ustreza bistvenim zahtevam direktiv EU.

Povezave z direktivo(-ami) EU so razvidne iz informativnega dodatka ZA, ki je sestavni del tega
standarda.

V skladu z notranjimi predpisi CEN/CENELEC so dolžne ta evropski standard privzeti nacionalne
organizacije za standarde naslednjih držav: Avstrije, Belgije, Bolgarije, Cipra, Češke republike,
Danske, Estonije, Finske, Francije, Grčije, Hrvaške, Irske, Islandije, Italije, Latvije, Litve,
Luksemburga, Madžarske, Malte, Nemčije, Nizozemske, Norveške, Poljske, Portugalske, Romunije,
Slovaške, Slovenije, Španije, Švedske, Švice in Združenega kraljestva.

Razglasitvena objava

Besedilo standarda ISO 12100:2010 je CEN odobril kot evropski standard EN ISO 12100:2010 brez
sprememb.
3

---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------

SIST EN ISO 12100 : 2011
Predgovor k mednarodnemu standardu

ISO (Mednarodna organizacija za standardizacijo) je svetovna zveza nacionalnih organov za
standarde (članov ISO). Mednarodne standarde ponavadi pripravljajo tehnični odbori ISO. Vsak član,
ki želi delovati na določenem področju, za katero je bil ustanovljen tehnični odbor, ima pravico biti
zastopan v tem odboru. Pri delu sodelujejo mednarodne vladne in nevladne organizacije, povezane z
ISO. V vseh zadevah, ki so povezane s standardizacijo na področju elektrotehnike, ISO tesno
sodeluje z Mednarodno elektrotehniško komisijo (IEC).

Mednarodni standardi so pripravljeni v skladu s pravili, podanimi v 2. delu Direktiv ISO/IEC.

Glavna naloga tehničnih odborov je priprava mednarodnih standardov. Osnutki mednarodnih
standardov, ki jih sprejmejo tehnični odbori, se pošljejo vsem članom v glasovanje. Za objavo
mednarodnega standarda je treba pridobiti soglasje najmanj 75 odstotkov članov, ki se udeležijo
glasovanja.

Opozoriti je treba na možnost, da je lahko nekaj elementov tega mednarodnega standarda predmet
patentnih pravic. ISO ne prevzema odgovornosti za ugotavljanje katerih koli ali vseh takih patentnih
pravic.

ISO 12100 je pripravil tehnični odbor ISO/TC 199 Varnost strojev.

Ta prva izdaja ISO 12100 razveljavlja in nadomešča ISO 12100-1:2003, ISO 12100-2:2003 in ISO
14121-1:2007, ki jih združuje brez tehničnih sprememb. Prav tako vsebuje dopolnili ISO 12100-
1:2003/Amd 1:2009 in ISO 12100-2:2003/Amd 1:2009. Dokumentacije (npr. ocene tveganja,
standardov tipa C), ki temelji teh nadomeščenih dokumentih, ni treba posodabljati ali popravljati.
4

---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------

SIST EN ISO 12100 : 2011

Uvod

Glavni namen tega mednarodnega standarda je načrtovalcem zagotoviti splošni okvir in navodila za
sprejemanje odločitev v času razvoja strojev ter jim tako omogočiti načrtovanje strojev, ki bodo med
predvideno uporabo varni. Prav tako vsebuje strategijo za pripravljavce standardov in bo v pomoč pri
pripravi doslednih in ustreznih standardov tipov B in C.

Pojem varnosti strojev obravnava zmožnost stroja, da v času življenjske dobe opravlja predvidena
opravila ob ustrezno zmanjšanem tveganju.

Ta mednarodni standard je podlaga nizu standardov, ki ima naslednjo zgradbo:

− standardi tipa A (osnovni varnostni standardi) podajajo osnovne pojme, načela načrtovanja in
splošne vidike, ki se lahko uporabijo za stroje;
− standardi tipa B (generični varnostni standardi) obravnavajo en varnostni vidik ali eno vrsto
varovalne opreme, ki se lahko uporablja pri številnih vrstah strojev:
– standardi tipa B1 obravnavajo posamezne varnostne vidike (npr. varnostne razdalje,
temperaturo površin, hrup),
– standardi tipa B2 obravnavajo varovalno opremo (npr. dvoročna krmilja, zaporne naprave, na
tlak občutljive naprave, varovala);
− standardi tipa C (varnostni standardi za stroje) podajajo podrobne varnostne zahteve za
posamezen stroj ali skupino strojev.

Ta mednarodni standard je standard tipa A.

Kadar standard tipa C odstopa od enega ali več tehničnih določil iz tega standarda ali iz standarda
tipa B, imajo prednost določila iz standarda tipa C.

Da se zagotovi prenos osnovnega izrazja in splošnih načel načrtovanja do načrtovalcev, je
priporočljivo vsebino tega standarda vključiti v njihovo izobraževanje in v priročnike.

Pri pripravi tega mednarodnega standarda je bilo v obsegu, ki je bil tedaj smiseln, upoštevano tudi
ISO/IEC Vodilo 51.
5

---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------

SIST EN ISO 12100 : 2011
Varnost strojev – Splošna načela načrtovanja – Ocena tveganja in zmanjšanje
tveganja

1 Področje uporabe

Ta mednarodni standard določa osnovno terminologijo, načela in metodologijo za doseganje varnosti
strojev že med njihovim načrtovanjem. V pomoč načrtovalcem pri doseganju tega cilja določa načela
ocenjevanja in zmanjševanja tveganja. Ta načela temeljijo na znanju in izkušnjah pri načrtovanju,
uporabi, incidentih, nezgodah in tveganjih, povezanih s stroji. Podani so postopki za prepoznavanje
nevarnosti ter ugotavljanje in vrednotenje tveganja med posameznimi obdobji življenjske dobe stroja
ter za odstranitev nevarnosti ali zadovoljivo zmanjšanje tveganja. Podana so tudi navodila glede
dokumentacije in preverjanja procesov ocenjevanja in zmanjševanja tveganja.

Ta mednarodni standard je namenjen tudi uporabi kot podlaga za pripravo varnostnih standardov tipov
B ali C.

Ta mednarodni standard ne obravnava tveganja in/ali škode, povzročene domačim živalim,
premoženju ali okolju.

OPOMBA 1: V ločenih preglednicah v dodatku B so navedeni primeri nevarnosti, nevarnih stanj in nevarnih dogodkov, ki naj
bi razjasnili te pojme ter bili v pomoč načrtovalcem pri prepoznavanju nevarnosti.

OPOMBA 2: Točen način uporabe številnih metod za vsako fazo ocenjevanja tveganja je opisan v ISO/TR 14121-2.

2 Zveze s standardi

Za uporabo tega standarda so nujno potrebni naslednji navedeni dokumenti. Pri datiranih sklicevanjih se
uporablja zgolj navedena izdaja. Pri nedatiranih sklicevanjih se uporablja zadnja izdaja navedenega
dokumenta (vključno z dopolnili).

IEC 60204-1:2005 Varnost strojev – Električna oprema strojev – 1. del: Splošne zahteve

3 Izrazi in definicije

V tem dokumentu so uporabljeni naslednji izrazi in definicije.

3.1
stroj (ang.: machinery, machine, nem.: Maschine)
sklop za določeno uporabo povezanih delov ali komponent, od katerih se vsaj eden giblje, opremljen
ali namenjen za opremljanje s pogonskim sistemom

OPOMBA 1: Izraz stroj zajema tudi sestav strojev, nameščenih in krmiljenih tako, da delujejo kot celota za doseganje
skupnega cilja.

OPOMBA 2: Splošen shematičen prikaz stroja je v dodatku A.

3.2
zanesljivost (ang.: reliability, nem.: Zuverlässigkeit)
lastnost stroja, njegovih komponent ali opreme, da v določenih razmerah opravlja predvideno funkcijo
določeno časovno obdobje brez odpovedi

3.3
vzdrževalnost (ang.: maintainability, nem.: Wartungsfreundlichkeit)
lastnost stroja, da ga je mogoče ohranjati v stanju, ki mu omogoča opravljanje predvidene funkcije pri
pogojih predvidene uporabe, ali da ga je mogoče povrniti v tako stanje s potrebnimi ukrepi
(vzdrževanjem) skladno z določenimi postopki in z uporabo določenih sredstev

6

---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------

SIST EN ISO 12100 : 2011

3.4
uporabnost (ang.: usability, nem.: Benutzerfreundlichkeit)
lastnost stroja, da ga je mogoče enostavno uporabljati, med drugim tudi zaradi lastnosti ali značilnosti,
zaradi katerih je njegovo delovanje zlahka razumljivo

3.5
škoda (ang.: harm, nem.: Schaden)
telesna poškodba ali zdravstvena okvara

3.6
nevarnost (ang.: hazard, nem.: Gefährdung)
možen vir škode
OPOMBA 1: Izraz "nevarnost" se lahko opredeli glede na njen vir (npr. mehanska nevarnost, električna nevarnost) ali glede na naravo
možne škode (npr. nevarnost električnega udara, nevarnost ureznin, nevarnost zastrupitve, požarna nevarnost).

OPOMBA 2: Nevarnost, obravnavana v tej definiciji:
– je lahko med predvideno uporabo stroja stalno prisotna (npr. nevarno gibanje delov stroja, električni oblok
med varjenjem, nezdrava drža, emisija hrupa, visoka temperatura);
– ali pa se pojavi nepričakovano (npr. eksplozija, nevarnost zmečkanin zaradi nenamernega/nepričakovanega
zagona, izmet zaradi loma, padec zaradi pospeševanja ali zaviranja).

OPOMBA 3: Francoski izraz "phénomène dangereux" naj se ne zamenjuje z izrazom "risque", ki je bil v rabi v preteklosti.

3.7
prisotna nevarnost (ang.: relevant hazard, nem.: relevante Gefährdung)
nevarnost, za katero je znano, da je na stroju prisotna ali z njim povezana

OPOMBA 1: Prisotna nevarnost je določena kot rezultat enega od korakov postopka, opisanega v točki 5.

OPOMBA 2: Ta izraz je vključen v osnovno izrazje standardov tipov B in C.

3.8
pomembna nevarnost (ang.: significant hazard, nem.: signifikante Gefährdung)
prepoznana prisotna nevarnost, ki od načrtovalca zahteva izvedbo ukrepov za odstranitev ali
zmanjšanje tveganja v skladu z oceno tveganja

OPOMBA: Ta izraz je vključen v osnovno izrazje standardov tipov B in C.

3.9
nevaren dogodek (ang.: hazardous event, nem.: Gefährdungsereignis)
dogodek, ki lahko povzroči škodo

OPOMBA: Nevaren dogodek se lahko pojavi za kratek čas ali za daljše časovno obdobje.

3.10
nevarno stanje (ang.: hazardous situation, nem.: Gefährdungssituation)
okoliščina, v kateri je oseba izpostavljena vsaj eni nevarnosti

OPOMBA: Izpostavljenost lahko povzroči škodo takoj ali po daljšem časovnem obdobju.

3.11
nevarno območje (ang.: hazard zone, danger zone, nem.: Gefährdungsbereich)
kateri koli prostor v stroju ali v njegovi okolici, v katerem je oseba lahko izpostavljena nevarnosti

3.12
tveganje (ang.: risk, nem.: Risiko)
kombinacija verjetnosti nastanka škode in resnosti te škode

7

---------------------- Page: 10 ----------------------

SIST EN ISO 12100 : 2011
3.13
preostalo tveganje (ang.: residual risk, nem.: Restrisiko)
tveganje, ki ostane potem, ko so izvedeni varovalni ukrepi

OPOMBA 1: Ta mednarodni standard razlikuje:
– preostalo tveganje po izvedbi varovalnih ukrepov načrtovalca,
– preostalo tveganje po izvedbi vseh varovalnih ukrepov.

OPOMBA 2: Glej tudi sliko 2.

3.14
ugotavljanje tveganja (ang.: risk estimation, nem.: Risikoeinschätzung)
določa možno resnost škode in verjetnost njenega nastanka

3.15
analiza tveganja (ang.: risk analysis, nem.: Risikoanalyse)
kombinacija ugotavljanja omejitev stroja, prepoznavanja nevarnosti in ugotavljanja tveganja

3.16
vrednotenje tveganja (ang.: risk evaluation, nem.: Risikobewertung)
presoja, izvedena na podlagi analize tveganja, ali so bili doseženi cilji zmanjševanja tveganja

3.17
ocena tveganja, ocenjevanje tveganja (ang.: risk assessment, nem.: Risikobeurteilung)
celovit postopek, ki vsebuje analizo tveganja in vrednotenje tveganja

3.18
ustrezno zmanjšanje tveganja (ang.: adequate risk reduction, nem.: hinreichende Risikominderung)
zmanjšanje tveganja vsaj do ravni, predpisane z zakonom, ob hkratnem upoštevanju trenutnega
stanja tehnike

OPOMBA: Merila za odločanje, kdaj je doseženo ustrezno zmanjšanje tveganja, so podana v 5.6.2.

3.19
varovalni ukrep (ang.: protective measure, nem.: Schutzmaßnahme)
ukrep za zmanjševanje tveganja, ki ga izvede:
– načrtovalec (vgrajena varnost, varovanje in dopolnilni varovalni ukrepi, navodila za uporabo) in/ali
– uporabnik (organizacija: varni delovni postopki, nadzor, sistemi dovoljenj za delo; zagotovitev in
uporaba dodatne varovalne opreme; uporaba osebne varovalne opreme; usposabljanje)

OPOMBA: Glej sliko 2.

3.20
vgrajena varnost (ang.: inherently safe design measures, nem.: inhärent sichere Konstruktion)
varovalni ukrep, ki s spremembo konstrukcije ali obratovalnih parametrov stroja odstrani nevarnost ali
zmanjša z njo povezana tveganja brez uporabe varoval ali varovalnih naprav

OPOMBA: Glej 6.2.

3.21
varovanje (ang.: safeguarding, nem.: technische Schutzmaßnahmen)
varovalni ukrep z uporabo varovalne opreme za varovanje oseb pred nevarnostmi, ki jih ni mogoče
odstraniti na razumen način, ali pred tveganji, ki jih z vgrajeno varnostjo ni mogoče zadostno
zmanjšati

OPOMBA: Glej 6.3.

8

---------------------- Page: 11 ----------------------

SIST EN ISO 12100 : 2011

3.22
navodila za uporabo (ang.: information for use, nem.: Benutzerinformation)
varovalni ukrep, ki z ločeno ali kombinirano uporabo različnih načinov sporočanja (npr. besedila,
besede, znaki, signali, simboli, diagrami) ustrezno informira uporabnika

OPOMBA: Glej 6.4.
3.23
predvidena uporaba (ang.: intended use, nem.: bestimmungsgemäße Verwendung)
uporaba stroja v skladu z navodili za uporabo

3.24
razumno predvidljiva napačna uporaba (ang.: reasonably forseeable misuse, nem.: vernünfti-
gerweise vorhersehbare Fehlanwendung)
uporaba stroja na nenačrtovan način, ki pa lahko izvira iz zlahka predvidljivega človeškega
vedenja

3.25
naloga (ang.: task, nem.: Aufgabe)
določena dejavnost, ki jo izvajajo ena ali več oseb na stroju ali v njegovi bližini v času njegove
življenjske dobe

3.26
varovalna oprema (ang.: safeguard, nem.: Schutzeinrichtung)
varovalo ali varovalna naprava

3.27
varovalo (ang.: guard, nem.: trennende Schutzeinrichtung)
fizična ovira, načrtovana kot del stroja za zagotavljanje varovanja

OPOMBA 1: Varovalo lahko deluje:
– samostojno. V tem primeru je učinkovito le, ko je zaprto (velja za pomična varovala) ali varno pritrjeno na
predvideno mesto (velja za pritrjena varovala);
– v povezavi z zaporno napravo z zaklepom ali brez njega. V tem primeru je varovanje zagotovljeno ne glede
na položaj varovala.

OPOMBA 2: Glede na konstrukcijo je varovalo lahko npr. ohišje, ščitnik, pokrov, zaslon, vrata, oklep.

OPOMBA 3: Izrazi za posamezne vrste varoval so določeni v 3.27.1 do 3.27.6. Za vrste varoval in zahteve zanje glej tudi
6.3.3.2 in ISO 14120.

3.27.1
nepomično varovalo (ang.: fixed guard, nem.: feststehende trennende Schutzeinrichtung)
varovalo, pritrjeno tako (npr. z vijaki, maticami, zvari), da ga je mogoče odpreti ali odstraniti le z
uporabo orodja ali s porušitvijo pritrdilnih elementov

3.27.2
pomično varovalo (ang.: movable guard, nem.: bewegliche trennende Schutzeinrichtung)
varovalo, ki ga je mogoče odpreti brez uporabe orodja

3.27.3
nastavljivo varovalo (ang.: adjustable guard, nem.: einstellbare trennende Schutzeinrichtung)
nepomično ali pomično varovalo, ki se nastavlja kot celota ali pa vsebuje enega ali več nastavljivih
delov

3.27.4
zaporno varovalo (ang.: interlocking guard, nem.: verriegelte trennende Schutzeinrichtung)
varovalo, povezano z zaporno napravo tako, da skupaj s krmiljem stroja zagotavlja:
– da nevarne funkcije stroja, ki jih "pokriva" varovalo, ne delujejo, dokler varovalo ni zaprto,
9

---------------------- Page: 12 ----------------------

SIST EN ISO 12100 : 2011
– da se sproži ukaz za zaustavitev, če se varovalo med delovanjem nevarnih funkcij odpre,
– da lahko nevarne funkcije stroja, ki jih varovalo "pokriva", delujejo le, ko je varovalo zaprto
(zapiranje varovala samo po sebi ne sproži delovanja teh funkcij)

OPOMBA: Podrobne zahteve so v ISO 14119.

3.27.5
zaporno varovalo z zaklepom (ang.: interlocking guard with guard locking, nem.: verriegelte
trennende Schutzeinrichtung mit Zuhaltung)
varovalo, povezano z zaporno napravo in z zaklepom (napravo za zaklepanje varovala) tako, da
skupaj s krmiljem stroja zagotavlja:
– da nevarne funkcije stroja, ki jih "pokriva" varovalo, ne delujejo, dokler varovalo ni zaprto in
zaklenjeno,
– da varovalo ostane zaprto in zaklenjeno, vse dokler obstaja tveganje zaradi delovanja nevarnih
funkcij, ki jih "pokriva" varovalo,
– da lahko nevarne funkcije stroja, ki jih to varovalo "pokriva", delujejo, ko je varovalo zaprto in
zaklenjeno (zapiranje in zaklepanje varovala sami po sebi ne sprožita delovanja teh funkcij)

OPOMBA: Podrobne zahteve so v ISO 14119.

3.27.6
zaporno varovalo z zagonsko funkcijo, krmilno varovalo (ang.: interlocking guard with start
function, control guard, nem.: trennende Schutzeinrichtung mit Startfunktion)
posebna oblika zapornega varovala, ki v trenutku, ko doseže svoj varovalni položaj (je popolnoma
zaprto), sproži ukaz za zagon nevarnih funkcij stroja brez uporabe ločene zagonske krmilne naprave

OPOMBA: Za podrobne zahteve glede pogojev uporabe glej 6.3.3.2.5.

3.28
varovalna naprava (ang.: protective device, nem.: nichttrennende Schutzeinrichtung)
vsaka varovalna oprema, ki ni varovalo

OPOMBA: Primeri varovalnih naprav so v 3.28.1 do 3.28.9.

3.28.1
zaporna naprava (ang.: interlocking device, nem.: Verriegelungseinrichtung)
mehanska ali električna naprava ali naprava drugačne vrste, katere namen je v določenih razmerah
preprečiti nevarno delovanje stroja (v splošnem, dokler varovalo ni zaprto)

3.28.2
potrditvena krmilna naprava (ang.: enabeling device, nem.: Zustimmungseinrichtung)
dodatna ročno vodena krmilna naprava, povezana z zagonskim krmiljem tako, da je delovanje stroja
omogočeno le, če se neprestano vklaplja/proži

3.28.3
zadrževalna krmilna naprava (ang.: hold-to-run control device, nem.: Steuerungseinrichtung
mit selbsttätiger Rückstellung)
krmilna naprava, ki zažene in ohranja delovanje stroja samo, dokler je njena ročna krmilna naprava
vklopljena/sprožena

3.28.4
dvoročna krmilna naprava (ang.: two-hand control device, nem.: Zweihandschaltung)
krmilna naprava, ki zahteva sočasno delovanje z obema rokama, da zažene in ohranja nevarno delovanje
stroja. Tako je zagotovljeno varovanje le tiste osebe, ki dvoročno krmilno napravo vklopi/sproži

OPOMBA: Podrobne zahteve so v ISO 13851.

10

---------------------- Page: 13 ----------------------

SIST EN ISO 12100 : 2011

3.28.5
zaznavalna varovalna oprema, SPE (ang.: sensitive protective equipment, nem.: sensitive
Schutzeinrichtung)
oprema za zaznavanje oseb oziroma delov oseb, ki pošlje ustrezen signal krmilju stroja, da zmanjša
tveganje za osebe, ki so bile zaznane

OPOMBA: Ustrezen signal krmilju je lahko poslan, ko gre oseba ali del osebe preko vnaprej določene meje, npr. ob vstopu
v nevarno območje (proženje), ali ko je oseba zaznana znotraj vnaprej določenega območja (zaznavanje
prisotnosti) ali v obeh primerih
3.28.6
aktivna optoelektronska varovalna naprava, AOPD (ang.: active optoelectronic protective
device, nem.: aktive optoelektronische Schutzeinrichtung)
naprava, katere zaznavna funkcija je zagotovljena z optično-elektronskimi oddajnimi in sprejemnimi
elementi. Naprava zazna prekinitev generiranega svetlobnega sevanja zaradi neprepustnega
predmeta, ki se nahaja znotraj vnaprej določenega območja zaznavanja

OPOMBA: Podrobne zahteve so v IEC 61496.

3.28.7
mehanska aretirna naprava (ang.: mechanical restraint dvice, nem.: durch Formschluss
wirkende Schutzeinrichtung)
naprava, ki v mehanizem vstavi mehansko oviro (npr. zagozdo, vreteno, prečnik, zavir
...

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN ISO 12100:2009
01-junij-2009
9DUQRVWVWURMHY6SORãQDQDþHODQDþUWRYDQMDRFHQDWYHJDQMDLQ]PDQMãDQMH
WYHJDQMD,62',6
Safety of machinery - General principles for design, risk assessment and risk reduction
(ISO/DIS 12100:2009)
Sicherheit von Maschinen - Allgemeine Gestaltungsleitsätze, Risikobewertung und
Risikominderung (ISO/DIS 12100:2009)
Sécurité des machines - Principes généraux pour la conception, l'appréciation du risque
et la réduction du risque (ISO/DIS 12100:2009)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN ISO 12100
ICS:
13.110 Varnost strojev Safety of machinery
oSIST prEN ISO 12100:2009 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 12100:2009

---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 12100:2009
EUROPEAN STANDARD
DRAFT
prEN ISO 12100
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
February 2009
ICS 13.110 Will supersede EN ISO 12100-1:2003, EN ISO 12100-
2:2003, EN ISO 14121-1:2007
English Version
Safety of machinery - General principles for design, risk
assessment and risk reduction (ISO/DIS 12100:2009)
Sécurité des machines - Principes généraux pour la Sicherheit von Maschinen - Allgemeine
conception, l'appréciation du risque et la réduction du Gestaltungsleitsätze, Risikobewertung und
risque (ISO/DIS 12100:2009) Risikominderung (ISO/DIS 12100:2009)
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for parallel enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 114.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which
stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language
made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the
same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are aware and to
provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice and
shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2009 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN ISO 12100:2009: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 12100:2009
prEN ISO 12100:2009 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword .3

2

---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 12100:2009
prEN ISO 12100:2009 (E)
Foreword
This document (prEN ISO 12100:2009) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 199 "Safety of
machinery" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 114 “Safety of machinery” the secretariat of
which is held by DIN.
This document is currently submitted to the parallel Enquiry.
This document will supersede EN ISO 12100-1:2003, EN ISO 12100-2:2003, EN ISO 14121-1:2007.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EC Directive(s).
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO/DIS 12100:2009 has been approved by CEN as a prEN ISO 12100:2009 without any
modification.

3

---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 12100:2009

---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 12100:2009
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 12100
ISO/TC 199 Secretariat: DIN
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2009-02-26 2009-07-26
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION • МЕЖДУНАРОДНАЯ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ ПО СТАНДАРТИЗАЦИИ • ORGANISATION INTERNATIONALE DE NORMALISATION
Safety of machinery — General principles for design, risk
assessment and risk reduction
Sécurité des machines — Principes généraux pour la conception, l'appréciation du risque et la réduction du
risque
(Revision of ISO 12100-1:2003, ISO 12100-2:2003 and ISO 14121-1:2007)
ICS 01.040.13; 13.110

ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
This draft has been developed within the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), and
processed under the ISO-lead mode of collaboration as defined in the Vienna Agreement.
This draft is hereby submitted to the ISO member bodies and to the CEN member bodies for a parallel
five-month enquiry.
Should this draft be accepted, a final draft, established on the basis of comments received, will be
submitted to a parallel two-month approval vote in ISO and formal vote in CEN.
To expedite distribution, this document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
ISO Central Secretariat work of editing and text composition will be undertaken at publication
stage.
Pour accélérer la distribution, le présent document est distribué tel qu'il est parvenu du
secrétariat du comité. Le travail de rédaction et de composition de texte sera effectué au
Secrétariat central de l'ISO au stade de publication.
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY NOT BE
REFERRED TO AS AN INTERNATIONAL STANDARD UNTIL PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES, DRAFT
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL TO BECOME STANDARDS TO
WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH
THEY ARE AWARE AND TO PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION.
©
International Organization for Standardization, 2008

---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 12100:2009
ISO/DIS 12100
PDF disclaimer
This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall
not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In
downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat
accepts no liability in this area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation
parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the
unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.
Copyright notice
This ISO document is a Draft International Standard and is copyright-protected by ISO. Except as permitted
under the applicable laws of the user's country, neither this ISO draft nor any extract from it may be
reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, photocopying,
recording or otherwise, without prior written permission being secured.
Requests for permission to reproduce should be addressed to either ISO at the address below or ISO's
member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56  CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Reproduction may be subject to royalty payments or a licensing agreement.
Violators may be prosecuted.
©
ii ISO 2009 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 12100:2009
ISO/DIS 12100
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction.v
1 Scope.1
2 Normative references.1
3 Terms and definitions .1
4 Strategy for risk assessment and risk reduction.8
5 Risk Assessment.12
5.1 General .12
5.2 Information for risk assessment.12
5.3 Determination of the limits of the machinery .13
5.4 Hazard identification .14
5.5 Risk estimation.16
5.6 Risk evaluation .21
6 Risk reduction.22
6.1 General .22
6.2 Inherently safe design measures.23
6.3 Safeguarding and complementary protective measures .33
6.4 Information for use.45
7 Documentation of risk assessment and risk reduction .49
Annex A (informative) Schematic representation of a machine.50
Annex B (informative) Examples of hazards, hazardous situations and hazardous events.51
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this International Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EC Directive 2006/42/EC.61
Bibliography.62
Trilingual index of specific terms and expressions used in ISO 12100.65

© ISO 2009 – All rights reserved iii

---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 12100:2009
ISO/DIS 12100
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 12100 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 199, Safety of machinery and by Technical
Committee CEN/TC 114, Safety of machinery in collaboration.
This second edition cancels and replaces ISO 12100-1:2003, ISO 12100-1:2003/Amd 1: 2009,
ISO 12100-2:2003, ISO 12100-2:2003/Amd 1: 2009 and ISO 14121-1:2007 of which it constitutes a
combination.
iv © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 10 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 12100:2009
ISO/DIS 12100
Introduction
The primary purpose of this International Standard is to provide designers with an overall framework and
guidance for decisions during the development of machinery to enable them to design machines that are safe
for their intended use. It also provides a strategy for standard makers and will assist in the preparation of
consistent and appropriate type-B and type-C standards.
The concept of safety of machinery considers the ability of a machine to perform its intended function(s)
during its life where risk has been adequately reduced.
This International Standard is the basis for a set of standards which has the following structure:
⎯ Type-A standards (basic safety standards) giving basic concepts, principles for design, and general
aspects that can be applied to machinery;
⎯ Type-B standards (generic safety standards) dealing with one safety aspect or one type of safeguards
that can be used across a wide range of machinery:
⎯ type-B1 standards on particular safety aspects (for example safety distances, surface
temperature, noise);
⎯ type-B2 standards on safeguards (for example two-hand controls, interlocking devices, pressure
sensitive devices, guards);
⎯ Type-C standards (machine safety standards) dealing with detailed safety requirements for a particular
machine or group of machines.
This International Standard is a type-A standard.
When a type-C standard deviates from one or more technical provisions dealt with by this International
Standard or by a type-B standard, the type-C standard takes precedence.
It is recommended that this International Standard be incorporated in training courses and manuals to convey
basic terminology and general design methods to designers.
ISO/IEC Guide 51 has been taken into account as far as practicable at the time of drafting of this International
Standard.
This International Standard gives in Annex B, in separate tables, examples of hazards, hazardous situations
and hazardous events, in order to clarify these concepts and assist the designer in the process of hazard
identification.
The practical use of a number of methods for each stage of risk assessment is described in ISO/TR 14121-2.
This Technical Report, ISO/TR 14121-2, also gives some guidance on how the selection of protective
measures (in accordance with this International Standard) can reduce the different elements of risk in relation
to Figure 3 of this International Standard.
© ISO 2009 – All rights reserved v

---------------------- Page: 11 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 12100:2009

---------------------- Page: 12 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 12100:2009
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 12100

Safety of machinery — General principles for design, risk
assessment and risk reduction
1 Scope
This International Standard defines the basic terminology and specifies the methodology and principles for risk
assessment and risk reduction to help designers in achieving safety in the design of machinery. These
principles reflect the knowledge and experience of the design, use, incidents, accidents, and risks associated
with machinery, and provide the basis for assessing and for the removal of hazards or the reduction of risks
during the relevant phases of the life cycle of machinery.
This International Standard is also intended to be used as a basis for the preparation of type-B or type-C
standards. The provisions stated in this International Standard are intended for the designer.
This International Standard does not deal with risk and/or damage to domestic animals, property or the
environment.
This International Standard gives guidance on the information required to allow risk assessment to be carried
out. Procedures are described for identifying hazards and estimating and evaluating risk.
This International Standard provides guidance for decisions to be made on the safety of machinery and
guidance on the type of documentation required to verify the risk assessment and risk reduction carried out.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
IEC 60204-1: 2005, Safety of machinery – Electrical equipment of machines – Part 1: General requirements.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
machinery
machine
an assembly, fitted with or intended to be fitted with a drive system consisting of linked parts or components, at least
one of which moves, and which are joined together for a specific application.
NOTE 1 The term "machinery" also covers an assembly of machines which, in order to achieve the same end, are
arranged and controlled so that they function as an integral whole.
NOTE 2 Annex A provides a general schematic representation of a machine.
© ISO 2009 – All rights reserved 1

---------------------- Page: 13 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 12100:2009
ISO/DIS 12100
3.2
reliability (of a machine)
ability of a machine or its components or equipment, to perform a required function under specified conditions
and for a given period of time without failing
3.3
maintainability (of a machine)
ability of a machine to be maintained in a state which enables it to fulfil its function under conditions of
intended use, or restored into such a state, the necessary actions (maintenance) being carried out according
to specified practices and using specified means
3.4
usability (of a machine)
ability of a machine to be easily used thanks to, among others, properties or characteristics that enable its
function(s) to be easily understood
3.5
harm
physical injury or damage to health
3.6
hazard
potential source of harm
NOTE 1 The term hazard can be qualified in order to define its origin (for example mechanical hazard, electrical
hazard) or the nature of the potential harm (for example electric shock hazard, cutting hazard, toxic hazard, fire hazard).
NOTE 2 The hazard envisaged in this definition:
⎯ either is permanently present during the intended use of the machine (for example motion of hazardous
moving elements, electric arc during a welding phase, unhealthy posture, noise emission, high
temperature);
⎯ or may appear unexpectedly (for example explosion, crushing hazard as a consequence of an
unintended / unexpected start-up, ejection as a consequence of a breakage, fall as a consequence of
acceleration / deceleration).
3.7
relevant hazard
hazard which is identified as being present at or associated with the machine
NOTE 1 A relevant hazard is identified as the result of one step of the process described in Clause 5. It becomes a
significant hazard when it is required to apply risk reduction measures.
3.8
significant hazard
hazard which has been identified as relevant and which requires specific action by the designer to eliminate or
to reduce the risk according to the risk assessment
3.9
hazardous event
event that can cause harm
NOTE A hazardous event can occur over a short period of time or over an extended period of time.
3.10
hazardous situation
circumstance in which a person is exposed to at least one hazard
NOTE The exposure can immediately or over a period of time result in harm.
3.11
hazard zone
danger zone
any space within and/or around machinery in which a person can be exposed to a hazard
2 © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 14 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 12100:2009
ISO/DIS 12100
3.12
risk
combination of the probability of occurrence of harm and the severity of that harm
3.13
residual risk
risk remaining after protective measures have been taken
NOTE 1 This International Standard distinguishes:
⎯ the residual risk after protective measures have been taken by the designer;
⎯ the residual risk remaining after all protective measures have been implemented.
NOTE 2 See also Figure 2.
3.14
risk assessment
overall process comprising a risk analysis and a risk evaluation
3.15
risk analysis
combination of the specification of the limits of the machine, hazard identification and risk estimation
3.16
risk estimation
defining likely severity of harm and probability of its occurrence
3.17
risk evaluation
judgement, on the basis of risk analysis, of whether the risk reduction objectives have been achieved
3.18
adequate risk reduction
risk reduction at least in accordance with the legal requirements under consideration of the current state of the
art
NOTE Criteria for determining when adequate risk reduction is achieved are given in 5.6.2.
3.19
protective measure
measure intended to achieve risk reduction, implemented:
⎯ by the designer (inherently safe design, safeguarding and complementary protective measures,
information for use) and/or
⎯ by the user (organization: safe working procedures, supervision, permit-to-work systems; provision and
use of additional safeguards; use of personal protective equipment; training).
NOTE See Figure 2.
3.20
inherently safe design measure
protective measure which either eliminates hazards or reduces the risks associated with hazards by changing
the design or operating characteristics of the machine without the use of guards or protective devices
NOTE 6.2 deals with risk reduction by inherently safe design measures.
3.21
safeguarding
protective measure using safeguards to protect persons from the hazards which cannot reasonably be
eliminated or risks which cannot be sufficiently reduced by inherently safe design measures
NOTE 6.3 deals with safeguarding.
© ISO 2009 – All rights reserved 3

---------------------- Page: 15 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 12100:2009
ISO/DIS 12100
3.22
information for use
protective measure consisting of communication links (for example texts, words, signs, signals, symbols,
diagrams) used separately or in combination, to convey information to the user
NOTE 6.4 deals with information for use.
3.23
intended use of a machine
use of a machine in accordance with the information provided in the instructions for use
3.24
reasonably foreseeable misuse
use of a machine in a way not intended by the designer, but which may result from readily predictable human
behaviour
3.25
task
specific activity performed by one or more persons on or in the vicinity of the machine during its life cycle
3.26
safeguard
guard or protective device
3.27
guard
physical barrier, designed as part of the machine, to provide protection
NOTE 1 A guard may act:
⎯ alone; it is then only effective when it is "closed" for a movable guard or "securely held in place" for a
fixed guard;
⎯ in conjunction with an interlocking device with or without guard locking; in this case, protection is ensured
whatever the position of the guard.
NOTE 2 Depending on its construction, a guard may be called for example casing, shield, cover, screen, door, enclosing
guard.
NOTE 3 See 6.3.3.2 and ISO 14120 for types of guards and their requirements.
3.27.1
fixed guard
guard affixed in such a manner (for example by screws, nuts, welding) that it can only be opened or removed
by the use of tools or destruction of the affixing means
3.27.2
movable guard
guard which can be opened without the use of tools
3.27.3
adjustable guard
fixed or movable guard which is adjustable as a whole or which incorporates adjustable part(s)
3.27.4
interlocking guard
guard associated with an interlocking device so that, together with the control system of the machine, the
following functions are performed:
⎯ the hazardous machine functions "covered" by the guard cannot operate until the guard is closed;
⎯ if the guard is opened while hazardous machine functions are operating, a stop command is given;
⎯ when the guard is closed, the hazardous machine functions "covered" by the guard can operate. The
closure of the guard does not by itself start the hazardous machine functions.
NOTE ISO 14119 gives detailed provisions.
4 © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 16 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 12100:2009
ISO/DIS 12100
3.27.5
interlocking guard with guard locking
guard associated with an interlocking device and a guard locking device so that, together with the control
system of the machine, the following functions are performed:
⎯ the hazardous machine functions "covered" by the guard cannot operate until the guard is closed and
locked;
⎯ the guard remains closed and locked until the risk due to the hazardous machine functions "covered" by
the guard has disappeared;
⎯ when the guard is closed and locked, the hazardous machine functions "covered" by the guard can
operate. The closure and locking of the guard do not by themselves start the hazardous machine
functions
NOTE ISO 14119 gives detailed provisions.
3.27.6
interlocking guard with a start function
control guard
special form of an interlocking guard which, once it has reached its closed position, gives a command to
initiate the hazardous machine function(s) without the use of a separate start control
NOTE 6.3.3.2.5 gives detailed provisions regarding the conditions of use.
3.28
protective device
safeguard other than a guard
NOTE Examples of protective devices are given in 3.28.1 to 3.28.9.
3.28.1
interlocking device
interlock
mechanical, electrical or other type of device, the purpose of which is to prevent the operation of hazardous
machine functions under specified conditions (generally as long as a guard is not closed)
3.28.2
enabling device
additional manually operated device used in conjunction with a start control and which, when continuously
actuated, allows a machine to function
3.28.3
hold-to-run control device
control device which initiates and maintains hazardous machine functions only as long as the manual control
(actuator) is actuated
3.28.4
two-hand control device
control device which requires at least simultaneous actuation by both hands in order to initiate and to maintain
hazardous machine functions, thus providing a protective measure only for the person who actuates it
NOTE ISO 13851 gives detailed provisions.
3.28.5
sensitive protective equipment
SPE
equipment for detecting persons or parts of persons which generates an appropriate signal to the control
system to reduce risk to the persons detected.
NOTE The signal may be generated when a person or part of a person goes beyond a predetermined limit – for
example enters a hazard zone – (tripping) or while a person is detected in a predetermined zone (presence sensing), or in
both cases.
© ISO 2009 – All rights reserved 5

---------------------- Page: 17 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 12100:2009
ISO/DIS 12100
3.28.6
active opto-electronic protective device
AOPD
device whose sensing function is performed by opto-electronic emitting and receiving elements detecting the
interruption of optical radiation, generated within the device, by an opaque object present in the specified
detection zone
NOTE IEC 61496 gives detailed provisions.
3.28.7
mechanical restraint device
device which introduces into a mechanism a mechanical obstacle (for example wedge, spindle, strut, scotch)
which, by virtue of its own strength, can prevent any hazardous movement
3.28.8
limiting device
device which prevents a machine or hazardous machine condition(s) from exceeding a designed limit (for
example space limit, pressure limit, load moment limit)
3.28.9
limited movement control device
control device, a single actuation of which, together with the control system of th
...