SIST EN ISO 9806:2014

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-april-2014
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 12975-2:2006
6RQþQDHQHUJLMD6SUHMHPQLNLVRQþQHHQHUJLMH3UHVNXVQHPHWRGH,62

Solar energy - Solar thermal collectors - Test methods (ISO 9806:2013)
Solarenergie - Thermische Sonnenkollektoren - Prüfverfahren (ISO 9806:2013)
Énergie solaire - Capteurs thermiques solaires - Méthodes d'essai (ISO 9806:2013)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 9806:2013
ICS:
27.160 6RQþQDHQHUJLMD Solar energy engineering
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 9806
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
November 2013
ICS 27.160 Supersedes EN 12975-2:2006
English Version
Solar energy - Solar thermal collectors - Test methods (ISO
9806:2013)
Énergie solaire - Capteurs thermiques solaires - Méthodes Solarenergie - Thermische Sonnenkollektoren -
d'essai (ISO 9806:2013) Prüfverfahren (ISO 9806:2013)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 7 September 2013.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same
status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United
Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2013 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 9806:2013 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents
Page
Foreword .3

Foreword
The text of ISO 9806:2013 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 180 “Solar energy” of the
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 9806:2013 by
Technical Committee CEN/TC 312 “Thermal solar systems and components” the secretariat of which is held
by ELOT.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2014, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the
latest by May 2014.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN 12975-2:2006.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 9806:2013 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 9806:2013 without any modification.

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 9806
First edition
2013-11-15
Solar energy — Solar thermal
collectors — Test methods
Énergie solaire — Capteurs thermiques solaires — Méthodes d’essai
Reference number
ISO 9806:2013(E)
©
ISO 2013
ISO 9806:2013(E)
© ISO 2013
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved

ISO 9806:2013(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .vi
Introduction .vii
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 3
5 General . 8
5.1 Test overview - Sequence of the tests . 8
5.2 Particular aspects of collectors using external power sources and active or passive
measures for normal operation and self-protection . 9
6 Internal pressure tests for fluid channels .10
6.1 Inorganic fluid channels .10
6.2 Fluid channels made of organic materials (plastics or elastomers) .10
6.3 Apparatus and procedure .10
6.4 Results .11
7 Leakage test (closed loop air heating collectors only) .11
7.1 Objective .11
7.2 Apparatus and procedure .11
7.3 Test conditions .12
7.4 Results .12
8 Rupture or collapse test (air heating collectors only) .12
8.1 Objective .12
8.2 Apparatus and Procedure .13
8.3 Test conditions .14
8.4 Results and reporting .14
9 High-temperature resistance test .14
9.1 Objective .14
9.2 Apparatus and procedure .14
9.3 Test conditions .15
9.4 Results .15
10 Standard stagnation temperature of liquid heating collectors .16
10.1 General .16
10.2 Measurement and extrapolation of standard stagnation temperature .16
10.3 Determining standard stagnation temperature using efficiency parameters .17
10.4 Results .17
11 Exposure and pre-exposure test .18
11.1 Objective .18
11.2 Apparatus and procedure .18
11.3 Test conditions .18
11.4 Results .19
12 External thermal shock test .19
12.1 Objective .19
12.2 Apparatus and procedure .19
12.3 Test conditions .20
12.4 Results .20
13 Internal thermal shock test .20
13.1 Objective .20
13.2 Apparatus and procedure .20
13.3 Test conditions .21
ISO 9806:2013(E)
13.4 Results .21
14 Rain penetration test .21
14.1 Objective .21
14.2 Apparatus and procedure .21
14.3 Test conditions .22
14.4 Results .24
15 Freeze resistance test .24
15.1 Objective .24
15.2 Apparatus and procedure .24
15.3 Test conditions .25
15.4 Results .25
16 Mechanical load test with positive or negative pressure .25
16.1 Objectives.25
16.2 Apparatus and procedure .25
16.3 Test conditions .26
16.4 Results .26
17 Impact resistance test .26
17.1 Objective .26
17.2 Test procedure .27
17.3 Impact location .27
17.4 Method 1: Impact resistance test using ice balls .27
17.5 Method 2: Impact resistance test using steel balls .28
17.6 Results .28
18 Final inspection (related to Clauses 5 to 17) .29
19 Test report (related to Clauses 5 to 18) .29
20 Performance testing of fluid heating collectors .29
20.1 General .29
20.2 Steady-state efficiency test using a solar irradiance simulator .30
21 Collector mounting and location .31
21.1 General .31
21.2 Collector frame . .31
21.3 Tilt angle .32
21.4 Collector orientation outdoors.32
21.5 Shading from direct solar irradiance .32
21.6 Diffuse and reflected solar irradiance .33
21.7 Thermal irradiance .33
21.8 Surrounding air speed .33
22 Instrumentation .34
22.1 Solar radiation measurement.34
22.2 Thermal radiation measurement .35
22.3 Temperature measurements .37
22.4 Flow rate measurement .39
22.5 Surrounding air speed measurement.40
22.6 Elapsed time measurement .41
22.7 Pressure measurement .41
22.8 Humidity measurement .42
22.9 Collector gross area .42
22.10 Collector fluid capacity .42
23 Test installation .42
23.1 Liquid heating collectors .42
23.2 Air heating collectors .46
24 Performance test procedures .48
24.1 General .48
iv © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved

ISO 9806:2013(E)
24.2 Test installation .49
24.3 Preconditioning of the collector .49
24.4 Test conditions .49
24.5 Test procedure .51
24.6 Measurements .52
24.7 Test period .54
24.8 Presentation of results .59
25 Computation of the collector parameters .59
25.1 Liquid heating collectors .59
25.2 Steady-state air heating collectors .63
26 Determination of the effective thermal capacity and the time constant of a collector .64
26.1 Measurement of the effective thermal capacity (separate measurement) .64
26.2 Measurement of the effective thermal capacity (quasi dynamic method) .66
26.3 Calculation method .66
26.4 Determination of collector time constant (optional) .67
27 Determination of incident angle modifier .69
27.1 Modelling .69
27.2 Test procedures .73
27.3 Calculation of collector incidence angle modifier .74
28 Determination of the pressure drop across a collector (Liquid) (optional) .75
28.1 General .75
28.2 Test installation .75
28.3 Preconditioning of the collector .75
28.4 Test procedure .75
28.5 Measurements .76
28.6 Pressure drop caused by fittings .76
28.7 Test conditions .76
28.8 Calculation and presentation of results .77
28.9 Pressure drop for air collectors .77
Annex A (normative) Test reports .79
Annex B (informative) Mathematical models for liquid heating collectors .104
Annex C (normative) Properties of water .108
Annex D (informative) General guidelines for the assessment of uncertainty in solar collector
efficiency testing .111
Annex E (informative) Measurement of the velocity weighted mean temperature.115
Bibliography .117
ISO 9806:2013(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International
Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies
casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 9806 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 180, Solar energy, and by Technical Committee
CEN/TC 312, Thermal solar systems and components in collaboration.
This first edition cancels and replaces the first editions EN 12975-2:2006, ISO 9806-1:1994,
ISO 9806-2:1995, and ISO 9806-3:1995, which have been technically revised.
vi © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved

ISO 9806:2013(E)
Introduction
This International Standard defines procedures for testing fluid heating solar collectors for performance,
reliability, durability and safety under well-defined and repeatable conditions. It contains performance
test methods for conducting tests outdoors under natural solar irradiance and natural and simulated
wind and for conducting tests indoors under simulated solar irradiance and wind. Outdoor tests can be
performed either steady-state or as all-day measurements, under changing weather conditions.
Collectors tested according to this International Standard represent a wide range of applications, e.g.
tracking concentrating collectors for thermal power generation and process heat, glazed flat plate
collectors and evacuated tube collectors for domestic water and space heating, unglazed collectors
for heating swimming pools or other low temperature applications. Air heating collectors have been
included in the scope of this International Standard. Similarly, collectors using external power sources
for normal operation and/or safety purposes (overheating protection, environmental hazards, etc.) are
also considered.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 9806:2013(E)
Solar energy — Solar thermal collectors — Test methods
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies test methods for assessing the durability, reliability and safety for
fluid heating collectors.
This International Standard also includes test methods for the thermal performance characterization
of fluid heating collectors, namely steady-state and quasi-dynamic thermal performance of glazed and
unglazed liquid heating solar collectors and steady-state thermal performance of glazed and unglazed
air heating solar collectors (open to ambient as well as closed loop).
This International Standard is also applicable to hybrid collectors generating heat and electric power.
However it does not cover electrical safety or other specific properties related to electric power generation.
This International Standard is also applicable to collectors using external power sources for normal
operation and/or safety purposes.
This International Standard is not applicable to those collectors in which the thermal storage unit is an
integral part of the collector to such an extent that the collection process cannot be separated from the
storage process for the purpose of making measurements of these two processes.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/IEC 17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories
ISO 9060, Solar energy — Specification and classification of instruments for measuring hemispherical solar
and direct solar radiation
ISO 9488, Solar energy — Vocabulary
ASTM E330-02, Standard Test method for Structural performance of Exterior Windows, Doors, Skylights
and Curtain Walls by Uniform Static Air Pressure Difference
EN 779, Particulate air filters for general ventilation - Determination of the filtration performance
EN 13142, Ventilation for buildings - Components/products for residential ventilation - Required and
optional performance characteristics
EN 13779, Ventilation for non-residential buildings - Performance requirements for ventilation and room-
conditioning systems
VDI 4670, Thermodynamic properties of humid air and combustion gases
3 Terms and definitions
For the purpose of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 9488 and the following apply.
ISO 9806:2013(E)
3.1
longitudinal angle of incidence
angle between the normal to the plane of the collector and incident sun beam projected into the
longitudinal plane
Note 1 to entry: Not applicable to point-focus collectors and central receivers.
3.2
longitudinal plane
plane defined by the normal to the plane of the collector and the concentrator axis, or the largest
symmetry line for flat biaxial geometries
3.3
maximum operating temperature
maximum temperature reached during collector or system normal operation, usually stated by the
manufacturer
Note 1 to entry: Concentrating collector.
3.4
module
smallest unit that would function as a solar energy collection device
3.5
no-flow condition
condition that occurs when the heat transfer fluid does not flow through the collector array, due to
shut-down or malfunction, and the collector is exposed to the same solar irradiance as under normal
operating conditions
3.6
optical axis
symmetry line orthogonal to focal line and the plane of the collector in line-focus collectors
3.7
outgassing
process in which a solid material releases gases when it is exposed to elevated temperatures and/or
reduced pressure
3.8
peak efficiency
efficiency of the collector at a temperature difference (ϑ - ϑ = 0) based on normal incidence of solar
m a
radiation and either hemispherical or beam irradiance
3.9
peak power
power output of the collector at a temperature difference (ϑ - ϑ = 0) based on normal incidence of solar
m a
radiation and either hemispherical or specific combinations of beam and diffuse irradiance
3.10
passive
operating condition where no human or mechanical intervention is required for operation as intended
Note 1 to entry: Concentrating collector.
3.11
reflector or reflective surface
surface intended for the primary function of reflecting radiant energy
Note 1 to entry: Concentrating collector.
Note 2 to entry: It includes also the optional reconcentrator.
2 © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved

ISO 9806:2013(E)
3.12
Simulated Roof
construction using materials of a quality typical to that used in roofs, from roof structure to roof coverings
3.13
transversal angle of incidence
angle between collector the normal to the plane of the collector and incident sun beam projected into
the transversal plane
Note 1 to entry: Not applicable to point-focus collectors and central receivers.
3.14
transversal plane
plane defined by the normal to the plane of the collector and the line orthogonal to the concentrator axis,
or the shortest symmetry line for flat biaxial geometries
3.15
trigger or safety activation temperature
temperature value at which the safety controls are activated for fail safe operating condition
Note 1 to entry: Concentrating collector.
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms
A gross area of collector m
G
AM optical air mass -
2·
a heat loss coefficient at (ϑm - ϑa) = 0 W/(m K)
2· 2
a temperature dependence of the heat W/(m K )
loss coefficient
B “earth position” around the sun dur- degrees
ing the year 0-360 deg
b collector efficiency coefficient (wind s/m
u
dependence)
b constant for the calculation of the
incident angle modifier
2·
b heat loss coefficient at (ϑm - ϑa) = 0 W/(m K)
3·
b wind dependence of the heat loss Ws/ (m K)
coefficient
C effective thermal capacity of collec- J/K
tor
C Concentration ration
R
2·
c heat loss coefficient at (ϑm - ϑa) = 0 W/(m K)
2· 2
c temperature dependence of the heat W/(m K )
loss coefficient
3·
c wind speed dependence of the heat J/(m K)
loss coefficient
c sky temperature dependence of the -
heat loss coefficient
ISO 9806:2013(E)
2·
c effective thermal capacity J/(m K)
c wind dependence in the zero loss s/m
efficiency
c specific heat capacity of heat trans- J/(kg·K)
f
fer fluid
·
C specific heat capacity of heat trans- J/(kg K)
f,I
fer fluid at the collector inlet
·
C specific heat capacity of heat trans- J/(kg K)
f,e
fer fluid at the collector outlet
·
C specific heat capacity of the ambient J/(kg K)
f,a
air
D date YYMMDD
E formula of time correcting for the minutes of the earth around the sun.
eccentric path
E long wave irradiance (λ > 3 μm) W/m
L
Eβ long wave irradiance on an inclined W/m
surface outdoors
E long wave irradiance W/m
s
F radiation view factor
F´ collector efficiency factor
G hemispherical solar irradiance W/m
G” net irradiance W/m
G direct solar irradiance (beam irradi- W/m
b
ance)
G diffuse solar irradiance W/m
d
H hemispherical irradiation on the col- MJ/m
lector plane
h enthalpy of the air-water vapor mix- J/kg
f,a
ture of the ambient air
h enthalpy of the air-water vapor mix- J/kg
f,e
ture at the outlet of the air collector
h enthalpy of the air-water vapor mix- J/kg
f,i
ture at the inlet of the air collector
h enthalpy of the leaking air-water J/kg
L
vapor mixture
K (θ ,θ ) incidence angle modifier -
hem L T
K (θ ,θ ) incidence angle modifier for direct -
b L T
radiation
K incidence Angle Modifier along the -
θL, coll
coll. tubes or reflectors
4 © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved

ISO 9806:2013(E)
K incidence Angle Modifier perpendic- -
θT,coll
ular to collector tubes or reflectors
K incidence angle modifier for diffuse -
d
radiation
m thermally active mass of the collec- kg
tor
.
mass flow rate of heat transfer fluid kg/s
m
.
minimum mass flow by the perfor- kg/h
m
min mance test
.
maximum mass flow by the perfor- kg/h
m
max
mance test
.
downstream air mass flow rate kg/s
m
pe
.
upstream air mass flow rate kg/s
m
pi
.
leakage air mass flow rate kg/s
m
pl
p static pressure of the heat transfer Pa
f,e
fluid (air) at the outlet to the solar
collector
p static pressure of the heat transfer Pa
f,i
fluid (air) at the inlet to the solar
collector
P absolute pressure of the ambient air Pa
abs

useful power extracted from collec- W
Q
tor
power output of the solar collec- W

Q
tor module for normal incidence,
peak
G = 1000 W/m and ϑ -ϑ = 0 K
m a
.
mean power output during one time W
Q
step
t

specific useful energy extracted W/m
Q /A
G
from the collector
Q useful energy extracted from the col- kWh per module
module
lector, annual energy gain
.
power loss of collector W
Q
L
R gas constant for water vapor 461,4 J/(kgK)
D
rH (relative)humidity of the ambient air %
amb
ISO 9806:2013(E)
rH (relative)humidity of the fluid (air) at %
e
the outlet of the solar collector
rH (relative)humidity of the fluid (air) at %
i
the inlet of the solar collector
R gas constant for air 287,1 J/(kgK)
L
T abs
...