SIST EN 302 186 V2.2.1:2021

HARMONISED EUROPEAN STANDARD
Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES);
Satellite mobile Aircraft Earth Stations (AESs)
operating in the 11/12/14 GHz frequency bands;
Harmonised Standard for access to radio spectrum

2 ETSI EN 302 186 V2.2.1 (2021-05)

Reference
REN/SES-00435
Keywords
aeronautical, air interface, AMSS, earth station,
FSS, GSO, mobile, MSS, regulation, satellite

ETSI
650 Route des Lucioles
F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE

Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00  Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16

Siret N° 348 623 562 00017 - APE 7112B
Association à but non lucratif enregistrée à la
Sous-Préfecture de Grasse (06) N° w061004871

Important notice
The present document can be downloaded from:
http://www.etsi.org/standards-search
The present document may be made available in electronic versions and/or in print. The content of any electronic and/or
print versions of the present document shall not be modified without the prior written authorization of ETSI. In case of any
existing or perceived difference in contents between such versions and/or in print, the prevailing version of an ETSI
deliverable is the one made publicly available in PDF format at www.etsi.org/deliver.
Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status.
Information on the current status of this and other ETSI documents is available at
https://portal.etsi.org/TB/ETSIDeliverableStatus.aspx
If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services:
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Notice of disclaimer & limitation of liability
The information provided in the present deliverable is directed solely to professionals who have the appropriate degree of
experience to understand and interpret its content in accordance with generally accepted engineering or
other professional standard and applicable regulations.
No recommendation as to products and services or vendors is made or should be implied.
In no event shall ETSI be held liable for loss of profits or any other incidental or consequential damages.

Any software contained in this deliverable is provided "AS IS" with no warranties, express or implied, including but not
limited to, the warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose and non-infringement of intellectual property
rights and ETSI shall not be held liable in any event for any damages whatsoever (including, without limitation, damages
for loss of profits, business interruption, loss of information, or any other pecuniary loss) arising out of or related to the use
of or inability to use the software.
Copyright Notification
No part may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and
microfilm except as authorized by written permission of ETSI.
The content of the PDF version shall not be modified without the written authorization of ETSI.
The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.

© ETSI 2021.
All rights reserved.
ETSI
3 ETSI EN 302 186 V2.2.1 (2021-05)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 7
Foreword . 7
Modal verbs terminology . 8
Introduction . 8
1 Scope . 9
2 References . 10
2.1 Normative references . 10
2.2 Informative references . 11
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations . 11
3.1 Terms . 11
3.2 Symbols . 15
3.3 Abbreviations . 15
4 Technical requirement specifications . 16
4.1 General . 16
4.1.0 Introduction. 16
4.1.1 Environmental profile . 16
4.2 Conformance requirements . 17
4.2.1 General . 17
4.2.2 Off-axis spurious radiation . 17
4.2.2.1 Justification . 17
4.2.2.2 Specification. 17
4.2.2.3 Conformance tests . 19
4.2.3 On-axis spurious radiation . 19
4.2.3.1 Justification . 19
4.2.3.2 Specification. 19
4.2.3.2.1 "Carrier-on" state . 19
4.2.3.2.2 "Carrier-off" state and "transmission disabled" state . 20
4.2.3.3 Conformance tests . 20
4.2.4 Off-axis EIRP emissions density in the nominated bandwidth for 14 GHz AES and the power flux-
density resulting from the 13 GHz AES towards any location in the geostationary-satellite orbit . 20
4.2.4.1 Justification . 20
4.2.4.2 Specification. 20
4.2.4.2.1 14 GHz AES . 20
4.2.4.2.2 13 GHz AES . 21
4.2.4.3 Conformance tests . 21
4.2.5 Control and Monitoring Functions (CMFs) . 21
4.2.5.0 General . 21
4.2.5.1 Processor monitoring . 22
4.2.5.1.1 Justification . 22
4.2.5.1.2 Specification . 22
4.2.5.1.3 Conformance tests . 22
4.2.5.2 Transmit subsystem monitoring . 23
4.2.5.2.1 Justification . 23
4.2.5.2.2 Specification . 23
4.2.5.2.3 Conformance tests . 23
4.2.5.3 Power-on/Reset . 23
4.2.5.3.1 Justification . 23
4.2.5.3.2 Specification . 23
4.2.5.3.3 Conformance tests . 23
4.2.5.4 Control Channel (CC) reception . 23
4.2.5.4.1 Justification . 23
4.2.5.4.2 Specification . 23
4.2.5.4.3 Conformance tests . 23
4.2.5.5 Network control commands . 24
ETSI
4 ETSI EN 302 186 V2.2.1 (2021-05)
4.2.5.5.1 Justification . 24
4.2.5.5.2 Specification . 24
4.2.5.5.3 Conformance tests . 24
4.2.5.6 Initial burst transmission . 24
4.2.5.6.1 General . 24
4.2.5.6.2 Specification . 24
4.2.5.6.3 Conformance tests . 25
4.2.6 Power Flux Density at the surface of the earth . 25
4.2.6.0 General . 25
4.2.6.1 14 GHz AES. 25
4.2.6.1.1 Power flux density limits in the 14,00 GHz to 14,50 GHz frequency band . 25
4.2.6.2 13 GHz AES. 27
4.2.6.2.0 General . 27
4.2.6.2.1 Justification . 27
4.2.6.2.2 Specification . 28
4.2.6.2.3 Conformance tests . 28
4.2.7 Receive antenna off-axis gain pattern . 28
4.2.7.1 Justification . 28
4.2.7.2 Specification. 28
4.2.7.3 Conformance tests . 28
4.2.8 Blocking performance . 29
4.2.8.1 Justification . 29
4.2.8.2 Specification. 29
4.2.8.3 Conformance tests . 29
4.2.9 Adjacent signal selectivity . 29
4.2.9.1 Justification . 29
4.2.9.2 Specification. 29
4.2.9.3 Conformance tests . 29
4.2.10 Image frequency rejection . 30
4.2.10.1 Justification . 30
4.2.10.2 Specification. 30
4.2.10.3 Conformance tests . 30
5 Testing for compliance with technical requirements . 30
5.1 Environmental conditions for testing . 30
5.2 Nominated Bandwidth . 30
6 Test methods . 30
6.0 General . 30
6.1 Off-axis spurious radiation . 31
6.1.1 Test method . 31
6.1.1.0 Introduction . 31
6.1.1.1 Up to 1 000 MHz (see clause 4.2.2.2, table 2) . 32
6.1.1.1.1 Test site. 32
6.1.1.1.2 Measuring receivers . 32
6.1.1.1.3 Procedure . 32
6.1.1.2 Above 1 000 MHz (see clause 4.2.2.2, tables 3 and 4) . 32
6.1.1.2.0 General . 32
6.1.1.2.1 Identification of the significant frequencies of spurious radiation . 33
6.1.1.2.2 Measurement of radiated power levels of identified spurious radiation . 33
6.2 On-axis spurious radiation . 34
6.2.1 Test method . 34
6.2.1.1 Void. 34
6.2.1.2 Method of measurement . 34
6.2.1.2.1 General . 34
6.2.1.2.2 Method of measurement at the antenna flange . 35
6.2.1.2.3 Method of measurement with a test antenna . 36
6.3 Off-axis EIRP emissions density in the nominated bandwidth for 14 GHz AES and the power flux-
density resulting from the 13 GHz AES towards any location in the geostationary-satellite orbit . 37
6.3.1 14 GHz AES . 37
6.3.1.1 General . 37
6.3.1.2 rms antenna pointing accuracy . 37
ETSI
5 ETSI EN 302 186 V2.2.1 (2021-05)
6.3.1.2.1 Method of measurement . 37
6.3.1.3 Measurement of the off-axis EIRP without the antenna. 38
6.3.1.3.1 Transmitter output power density . 38
6.3.1.3.2 Antenna transmit gain . 39
6.3.1.3.3 Antenna transmit radiation patterns . 40
6.3.1.3.4 Computation of results . 42
6.3.1.4 Measurement of the off-axis EIRP with the antenna . 42
6.3.1.4.1 General . 42
6.3.1.4.2 Maximum EIRP density per 40 kHz ratio relative to the EIRP . 42
6.3.1.4.3 Maximum on-axis EIRP . 42
6.3.1.4.4 Antenna transmit radiation patterns . 44
6.3.1.4.5 Computation of results . 46
6.3.2 13 GHz AES . 46
6.3.2.1 General . 46
6.4 Power Flux Density Test . 46
6.4.1 14 GHz AES . 46
6.4.1.1 General . 46
6.4.1.2 Verification of specification 1: Mode of PFD limitation . 47
6.4.1.3 Verification of specification 2: Location where to limit the PFD . 47
6.4.1.4 Verification of specification 3: PFD limitation . 47
6.4.1.4.1 Measurement of the antenna radiation pattern below the aircraft fuselage . 47
6.4.1.4.2 Measurement of on-axis EIRP as a function of altitude . 49
6.4.1.4.3 Computation of the power flux density at the surface of the Earth . 50
6.4.1.5 Verification of specification 4: Fault conditions . 50
6.4.1.5.1 Test Arrangement . 50
6.4.1.5.2 Test method . 51
6.4.2 13 GHz AES . 51
6.4.2.1 Test Method . 51
6.5 Control and monitoring . 52
6.5.0 General . 52
6.5.1 Test arrangement . 52
6.5.2 Processor monitoring . 53
6.5.2.1 Test method . 53
6.5.3 Transmit subsystem monitoring . 53
6.5.3.1 Test method . 53
6.5.4 Power-on/Reset . 53
6.5.4.1 Test method . 53
6.5.5 Control Channel (CC) reception . 54
6.5.5.1 Test method . 54
6.5.6 Network control commands . 55
6.5.6.1 Test method . 55
6.5.7 Initial burst transmission . 56
6.5.7.1 Test method . 56
6.6 Receive antenna off-axis gain pattern . 56
6.6.1 Test method . 56
6.6.1.1 Test site . 56
6.6.1.2 Method of measurement . 56
6.6.1.3 Computation . 57
6.7 Blocking performance . 57
6.7.1 General . 57
6.7.2 Test method . 57
6.8 Adjacent signal selectivity . 58
6.8.0 General . 58
6.8.1 Test method . 58
Annex A (informative): Relationship between the present document and the essential
requirements of Directive 2014/53/EU . 60
Annex B (normative): Environmental conditions . 62
B.1 General . 62
B.2 Environmental conformance requirements. 62
ETSI
6 ETSI EN 302 186 V2.2.1 (2021-05)
B.3 Environmental test conditions . 62
Annex C (informative): Maximum Measurement Uncertainty . 64
Annex D (informative): Applicability of parameters given in ETSI EG 203 336 . 65
Annex E (informative): Bibliography . 67
History . 68

ETSI
7 ETSI EN 302 186 V2.2.1 (2021-05)
Intellectual Property Rights
Essential patents
IPRs essential or potentially essential to normative deliverables may have been declared to ETSI. The declarations
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, are publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be
found in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to
ETSI in respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the
ETSI Web server (https://ipr.etsi.org/).
Pursuant to the ETSI Directives including the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation regarding the essentiality of IPRs,
including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not
referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server) which are, or may be, or may become,
essential to the present document.
Trademarks
The present document may include trademarks and/or tradenames which are asserted and/or registered by their owners.
ETSI claims no ownership of these except for any which are indicated as being the property of ETSI, and conveys no
right to use or reproduce any trademark and/or tradename. Mention of those trademarks in the present document does
not constitute an endorsement by ETSI of products, services or organizations associated with those trademarks.
DECT™, PLUGTESTS™, UMTS™ and the ETSI logo are trademarks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its

Members. 3GPP™ and LTE™ are trademarks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP
Organizational Partners. oneM2M™ logo is a trademark of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the ®
oneM2M Partners. GSM and the GSM logo are trademarks registered and owned by the GSM Association.
Foreword
This Harmonised European Standard (EN) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Satellite Earth Stations
and Systems (SES).
The present document has been prepared under the Commission's standardisation request C(2015) 5376 final [i.2] to
provide one voluntary means of conforming to the essential requirements of Directive 2014/53/EU on the harmonisation
of the laws of the Member States relating to the making available on the market of radio equipment and repealing
Directive 1999/5/EC [i.7].
Once the present document is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union under that Directive, compliance with
the normative clauses of the present document given in table A.1 confers, within the limits of the scope of the present
document, a presumption of conformity with the corresponding essential requirements of that Directive, and associated
EFTA regulations.
National transposition dates
Date of adoption of this EN: 26 April 2021
Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 31 July 2021
Date of latest publication of new National Standard
or endorsement of this EN (dop/e): 31 January 2022
Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 31 January 2023

ETSI
8 ETSI EN 302 186 V2.2.1 (2021-05)
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "shall", "shall not", "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and
"cannot" are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of
provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
Introduction
The present document is part of a set of standards developed by ETSI and is designed to fit in a modular structure to
cover all radio equipment within the scope of the Directive 2014/53/EU [i.7]. Each standard is a module in the structure.
The modular structure is shown in ETSI EG 201 399 [i.1].
The requirements have been selected to ensure an adequate level of compatibility with other radio services.
The present document may not cover those cases where a potential source of interference which is producing
individually repeated transient phenomena or a continuous phenomenon is present, e.g. a radar or broadcast site in the
near vicinity. In such a case it may be necessary to use special protection applied to either the source of interference, or
the interfered part or both.
The present document does not contain any requirement, recommendation or information about the installation of the
AES on aircraft.
The determination of the parameters of the AES using a given Geostationary Satellite Orbit (GSO) satellite for the
protection of the spectrum allocated to that satellite, is considered to be under the responsibility of the satellite operator
or the satellite network operators.
ETSI
9 ETSI EN 302 186 V2.2.1 (2021-05)
1 Scope
The present document specifies certain minimum technical performance requirements of Aircraft Earth Station (AES)
equipment with both transmit and receive capabilities for provision of aeronautical mobile satellite service, in the
frequency bands given in table 1.
Table 1: Frequency bands for the AES equipment specified in the present document
Mode of Operation Frequency Band
AES transmit 14,00 GHz to 14,50 GHz
AES transmit 12,75 GHz to 13,25 GHz
AES receive 10,70 GHz to 12,75 GHz

The AES has the following characteristics:
• These AESs are equipment for installation on aircraft.
• The AESs transmit in the 14,00 GHz to 14,50 GHz band receive within the range from 10,70 GHz to
12,75 GHz ("14 GHz"), referred to as "14 GHz AES" in the present document, are operating in one or more
frequency ranges of the Fixed-Satellite Service and Mobile-Satellite Service.
• The AESs transmit in the 12,75 GHz to 13,25 GHz band receive within the range from 10,70 GHz to
12,75 GHz ("13 GHz"), referred to as "13 GHz AES" in the present document, are operating in one or more
frequency ranges of the Fixed-Satellite Service.
NOTE 1: When the term "AES" used in the present document without stating 13 GHz AES or 14 GHz AES, it is a
reference to both 14 GHz AES and 13 GHz AES.
• The AES could consist of a number of modules from the antenna subsystem to the user interfaces.
• The AES uses linear polarization.
• The AES system uses digital modulation.
• The 14 GHz AES operates through a GSO satellite at least 3° away from any other geostationary satellite
operating in the same frequency band and covering the same area.
• The 13 GHz AES operates with a GSO satellite network whose frequency assignments are from the List of
Appendix 30B of the Radio Regulations.
• The antenna of the AES is directional, with means of tracking the satellites, which can be achieved by using
either an active phase array or reflective type configuration.
• These AESs are operating as part of a satellite network used for the distribution and/or exchange of
information between users.
• These AESs are controlled and monitored by a Network Control Facility (NCF). The NCF is outside the scope
of the present document.
• When on the ground, the 14 GHz AES does not transmit at elevation angles below 7° with respect to the local
horizontal plane, except at locations where transmissions below 7° are permitted by the local Administration;
(the minimum elevation angle is also limited as per clause 4.2).
The technical requirements in the present document are in two major categories:
• emission limits: to protect other radio services and systems from harmful interference generated by the AES
in normal use;
• AES Control and Monitoring Functions (CMFs): to protect other radio services and systems from unwanted
transmissions from the AES. The CMF in each AES is capable of answering to commands from the Network
Control Facility (NCF) for its supporting satellite network.
ETSI
10 ETSI EN 302 186 V2.2.1 (2021-05)
The present document applies to the AESs with their ancillary equipment and its various ports, and when operated
within the boundary limits of the operational environmental profile specified by the manufacturer.
The technical requirements for the 14 GHz AES in regard to the Power Flux Density (PFD) limits to protect Fixed
Service (FS) and Radio Astronomy Service (RAS) are based on annexes B and C of Recommendation ITU-R
M.1643 [5] and ECC Report 26 [i.4]. Furthermore, in relation to the protection of the Fixed Satellite Service (FSS) the
technical requirements of the AES take into account annex A of Recommendation ITU-R M.1643 [5].
The technical requirements for the 13 GHz AES in regards to the PFD limits on earth for the protection of FS are based
on the ECC Decision (19)04 [6].
The present document is intended to cover the provisions of Directive 2014/53/EU [i.7] (RE Directive) article 3.2,
which states that "… radio equipment shall be so constructed that it both effectively and supports the use of radio
spectrum allocated in order to avoid harmful interference".
NOTE 2: The relationship between the present document and essential requirements of article 3.2 of Directive
2014/53/EU [i.7] is given in annex A.
In addition to the present document, other ENs that specify technical requirements in respect of essential requirements
of other parts of article 3 of the RE Directive [i.7] may apply to equipment within the scope of the present document.
NOTE 3: A list of such ENs is included on the web site at: https://ec.europa.eu/growth/single-market/european-
standards/harmonised-standards/red_en.
The present document does not cover equipment compliance with relevant civil aviation regulations. In this respect, an
AES, for its installation and operation on board an aircraft is subject to additional national or international civil aviation
airworthiness certification requirements, for example to EUROCAE ED-14 [4].
2 References
2.1 Normative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
https://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document.
[1] Void.
[2] CISPR 16-1-1:2019: "Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods - Part 1-1: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus - Measuring apparatus".
[3] IEEE STD 149™-1979: "IEEE Standard Test Procedures for Antennas".
[4] EUROCAE ED-14 (2015) (Equivalent to RTCA DO-160D): "Environmental Conditions and Test
Procedures for Airborne Equipment".
[5] Recommendation ITU-R M.1643 (06-2003): "Technical and operational requirements for aircraft
earth stations of aeronautical mobile-satellite service including those using fixed-satellite service
network transponders in the band 14-14.5 GHz (Earth-to-space)".
[6] CEPT ECC Decision (19)04 (03-2020): "The harmonised use of spectrum, free circulation and use
of earth stations on-board aircraft operating with GSO FSS networks and NGSO FSS systems in
the frequency bands 12.75-13.25 GHz (Earth-to-space) and 10.7-12.75 GHz (space-to-Earth)".
ETSI
11 ETSI EN 302 186 V2.2.1 (2021-05)
[7] ETSI ETS 300 457 (Edition 1) (11-1995): "Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Test
methods for Television Receive Only (TVRO) operating in the 11/12 GHz frequency bands".
2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] ETSI EG 201 399: "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); A guide to
the production of Harmonized Standards for application under the Radio & Telecommunication
Terminal Equipment Directive 1999/5/EC (R&TTE) and a first guide on the impact of the Radio
Equipment Directive 2014/53/EU (RED) on Harmonized Standards".
[i.2] Commission Implementing Decision C(2015) 5376 final of 4.8.2015 on a standardisation request
to the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardisation and to the European
Telecommunications Standards Institute as regards radio equipment in support of Directive
2014/53/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council.
[i.3] Recommendation ITU-R S.524-9: "Maximum permissible levels of off-axis e.i.r.p. density from
earth stations in geostationary-satellite orbit networks operating in the fixed-satellite service
transmitting in the 6 GHz, 13 GHz, 14 GHz and 30 GHz frequency bands".
[i.4] ECC Report 26 (02-2003): "The compatibility & sharing of the aeronauti
...

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-julij-2021
Satelitske zemeljske postaje in sistemi (SES) - Satelitske mobilne letalske
zemeljske postaje (AES), delujoče v frekvenčnih pasovih 11/12/14 GHz -
Harmonizirani standard za dostop do radijskega spektra
Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES) - Satellite mobile Aircraft Earth Stations
(AESs) operating in the 11/12/14 GHz frequency bands - Harmonised Standard for
access to radio spectrum
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ETSI EN 302 186 V2.2.1 (2021-05)
ICS:
33.060.30 Radiorelejni in fiksni satelitski Radio relay and fixed satellite
komunikacijski sistemi communications systems
33.070.40 Satelit Satellite
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

HARMONISED EUROPEAN STANDARD
Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES);
Satellite mobile Aircraft Earth Stations (AESs)
operating in the 11/12/14 GHz frequency bands;
Harmonised Standard for access to radio spectrum

2 ETSI EN 302 186 V2.2.1 (2021-05)

Reference
REN/SES-00435
Keywords
aeronautical, air interface, AMSS, earth station,
FSS, GSO, mobile, MSS, regulation, satellite

ETSI
650 Route des Lucioles
F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE

Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00  Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16

Siret N° 348 623 562 00017 - APE 7112B
Association à but non lucratif enregistrée à la
Sous-Préfecture de Grasse (06) N° w061004871

Important notice
The present document can be downloaded from:
http://www.etsi.org/standards-search
The present document may be made available in electronic versions and/or in print. The content of any electronic and/or
print versions of the present document shall not be modified without the prior written authorization of ETSI. In case of any
existing or perceived difference in contents between such versions and/or in print, the prevailing version of an ETSI
deliverable is the one made publicly available in PDF format at www.etsi.org/deliver.
Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status.
Information on the current status of this and other ETSI documents is available at
https://portal.etsi.org/TB/ETSIDeliverableStatus.aspx
If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services:
https://portal.etsi.org/People/CommiteeSupportStaff.aspx
Notice of disclaimer & limitation of liability
The information provided in the present deliverable is directed solely to professionals who have the appropriate degree of
experience to understand and interpret its content in accordance with generally accepted engineering or
other professional standard and applicable regulations.
No recommendation as to products and services or vendors is made or should be implied.
In no event shall ETSI be held liable for loss of profits or any other incidental or consequential damages.

Any software contained in this deliverable is provided "AS IS" with no warranties, express or implied, including but not
limited to, the warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose and non-infringement of intellectual property
rights and ETSI shall not be held liable in any event for any damages whatsoever (including, without limitation, damages
for loss of profits, business interruption, loss of information, or any other pecuniary loss) arising out of or related to the use
of or inability to use the software.
Copyright Notification
No part may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and
microfilm except as authorized by written permission of ETSI.
The content of the PDF version shall not be modified without the written authorization of ETSI.
The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.

© ETSI 2021.
All rights reserved.
ETSI
3 ETSI EN 302 186 V2.2.1 (2021-05)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 7
Foreword . 7
Modal verbs terminology . 8
Introduction . 8
1 Scope . 9
2 References . 10
2.1 Normative references . 10
2.2 Informative references . 11
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations . 11
3.1 Terms . 11
3.2 Symbols . 15
3.3 Abbreviations . 15
4 Technical requirement specifications . 16
4.1 General . 16
4.1.0 Introduction. 16
4.1.1 Environmental profile . 16
4.2 Conformance requirements . 17
4.2.1 General . 17
4.2.2 Off-axis spurious radiation . 17
4.2.2.1 Justification . 17
4.2.2.2 Specification. 17
4.2.2.3 Conformance tests . 19
4.2.3 On-axis spurious radiation . 19
4.2.3.1 Justification . 19
4.2.3.2 Specification. 19
4.2.3.2.1 "Carrier-on" state . 19
4.2.3.2.2 "Carrier-off" state and "transmission disabled" state . 20
4.2.3.3 Conformance tests . 20
4.2.4 Off-axis EIRP emissions density in the nominated bandwidth for 14 GHz AES and the power flux-
density resulting from the 13 GHz AES towards any location in the geostationary-satellite orbit . 20
4.2.4.1 Justification . 20
4.2.4.2 Specification. 20
4.2.4.2.1 14 GHz AES . 20
4.2.4.2.2 13 GHz AES . 21
4.2.4.3 Conformance tests . 21
4.2.5 Control and Monitoring Functions (CMFs) . 21
4.2.5.0 General . 21
4.2.5.1 Processor monitoring . 22
4.2.5.1.1 Justification . 22
4.2.5.1.2 Specification . 22
4.2.5.1.3 Conformance tests . 22
4.2.5.2 Transmit subsystem monitoring . 23
4.2.5.2.1 Justification . 23
4.2.5.2.2 Specification . 23
4.2.5.2.3 Conformance tests . 23
4.2.5.3 Power-on/Reset . 23
4.2.5.3.1 Justification . 23
4.2.5.3.2 Specification . 23
4.2.5.3.3 Conformance tests . 23
4.2.5.4 Control Channel (CC) reception . 23
4.2.5.4.1 Justification . 23
4.2.5.4.2 Specification . 23
4.2.5.4.3 Conformance tests . 23
4.2.5.5 Network control commands . 24
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4 ETSI EN 302 186 V2.2.1 (2021-05)
4.2.5.5.1 Justification . 24
4.2.5.5.2 Specification . 24
4.2.5.5.3 Conformance tests . 24
4.2.5.6 Initial burst transmission . 24
4.2.5.6.1 General . 24
4.2.5.6.2 Specification . 24
4.2.5.6.3 Conformance tests . 25
4.2.6 Power Flux Density at the surface of the earth . 25
4.2.6.0 General . 25
4.2.6.1 14 GHz AES. 25
4.2.6.1.1 Power flux density limits in the 14,00 GHz to 14,50 GHz frequency band . 25
4.2.6.2 13 GHz AES. 27
4.2.6.2.0 General . 27
4.2.6.2.1 Justification . 27
4.2.6.2.2 Specification . 28
4.2.6.2.3 Conformance tests . 28
4.2.7 Receive antenna off-axis gain pattern . 28
4.2.7.1 Justification . 28
4.2.7.2 Specification. 28
4.2.7.3 Conformance tests . 28
4.2.8 Blocking performance . 29
4.2.8.1 Justification . 29
4.2.8.2 Specification. 29
4.2.8.3 Conformance tests . 29
4.2.9 Adjacent signal selectivity . 29
4.2.9.1 Justification . 29
4.2.9.2 Specification. 29
4.2.9.3 Conformance tests . 29
4.2.10 Image frequency rejection . 30
4.2.10.1 Justification . 30
4.2.10.2 Specification. 30
4.2.10.3 Conformance tests . 30
5 Testing for compliance with technical requirements . 30
5.1 Environmental conditions for testing . 30
5.2 Nominated Bandwidth . 30
6 Test methods . 30
6.0 General . 30
6.1 Off-axis spurious radiation . 31
6.1.1 Test method . 31
6.1.1.0 Introduction . 31
6.1.1.1 Up to 1 000 MHz (see clause 4.2.2.2, table 2) . 32
6.1.1.1.1 Test site. 32
6.1.1.1.2 Measuring receivers . 32
6.1.1.1.3 Procedure . 32
6.1.1.2 Above 1 000 MHz (see clause 4.2.2.2, tables 3 and 4) . 32
6.1.1.2.0 General . 32
6.1.1.2.1 Identification of the significant frequencies of spurious radiation . 33
6.1.1.2.2 Measurement of radiated power levels of identified spurious radiation . 33
6.2 On-axis spurious radiation . 34
6.2.1 Test method . 34
6.2.1.1 Void. 34
6.2.1.2 Method of measurement . 34
6.2.1.2.1 General . 34
6.2.1.2.2 Method of measurement at the antenna flange . 35
6.2.1.2.3 Method of measurement with a test antenna . 36
6.3 Off-axis EIRP emissions density in the nominated bandwidth for 14 GHz AES and the power flux-
density resulting from the 13 GHz AES towards any location in the geostationary-satellite orbit . 37
6.3.1 14 GHz AES . 37
6.3.1.1 General . 37
6.3.1.2 rms antenna pointing accuracy . 37
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5 ETSI EN 302 186 V2.2.1 (2021-05)
6.3.1.2.1 Method of measurement . 37
6.3.1.3 Measurement of the off-axis EIRP without the antenna. 38
6.3.1.3.1 Transmitter output power density . 38
6.3.1.3.2 Antenna transmit gain . 39
6.3.1.3.3 Antenna transmit radiation patterns . 40
6.3.1.3.4 Computation of results . 42
6.3.1.4 Measurement of the off-axis EIRP with the antenna . 42
6.3.1.4.1 General . 42
6.3.1.4.2 Maximum EIRP density per 40 kHz ratio relative to the EIRP . 42
6.3.1.4.3 Maximum on-axis EIRP . 42
6.3.1.4.4 Antenna transmit radiation patterns . 44
6.3.1.4.5 Computation of results . 46
6.3.2 13 GHz AES . 46
6.3.2.1 General . 46
6.4 Power Flux Density Test . 46
6.4.1 14 GHz AES . 46
6.4.1.1 General . 46
6.4.1.2 Verification of specification 1: Mode of PFD limitation . 47
6.4.1.3 Verification of specification 2: Location where to limit the PFD . 47
6.4.1.4 Verification of specification 3: PFD limitation . 47
6.4.1.4.1 Measurement of the antenna radiation pattern below the aircraft fuselage . 47
6.4.1.4.2 Measurement of on-axis EIRP as a function of altitude . 49
6.4.1.4.3 Computation of the power flux density at the surface of the Earth . 50
6.4.1.5 Verification of specification 4: Fault conditions . 50
6.4.1.5.1 Test Arrangement . 50
6.4.1.5.2 Test method . 51
6.4.2 13 GHz AES . 51
6.4.2.1 Test Method . 51
6.5 Control and monitoring . 52
6.5.0 General . 52
6.5.1 Test arrangement . 52
6.5.2 Processor monitoring . 53
6.5.2.1 Test method . 53
6.5.3 Transmit subsystem monitoring . 53
6.5.3.1 Test method . 53
6.5.4 Power-on/Reset . 53
6.5.4.1 Test method . 53
6.5.5 Control Channel (CC) reception . 54
6.5.5.1 Test method . 54
6.5.6 Network control commands . 55
6.5.6.1 Test method . 55
6.5.7 Initial burst transmission . 56
6.5.7.1 Test method . 56
6.6 Receive antenna off-axis gain pattern . 56
6.6.1 Test method . 56
6.6.1.1 Test site . 56
6.6.1.2 Method of measurement . 56
6.6.1.3 Computation . 57
6.7 Blocking performance . 57
6.7.1 General . 57
6.7.2 Test method . 57
6.8 Adjacent signal selectivity . 58
6.8.0 General . 58
6.8.1 Test method . 58
Annex A (informative): Relationship between the present document and the essential
requirements of Directive 2014/53/EU . 60
Annex B (normative): Environmental conditions . 62
B.1 General . 62
B.2 Environmental conformance requirements. 62
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6 ETSI EN 302 186 V2.2.1 (2021-05)
B.3 Environmental test conditions . 62
Annex C (informative): Maximum Measurement Uncertainty . 64
Annex D (informative): Applicability of parameters given in ETSI EG 203 336 . 65
Annex E (informative): Bibliography . 67
History . 68

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7 ETSI EN 302 186 V2.2.1 (2021-05)
Intellectual Property Rights
Essential patents
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pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, are publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be
found in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to
ETSI in respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the
ETSI Web server (https://ipr.etsi.org/).
Pursuant to the ETSI Directives including the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation regarding the essentiality of IPRs,
including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not
referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server) which are, or may be, or may become,
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Foreword
This Harmonised European Standard (EN) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Satellite Earth Stations
and Systems (SES).
The present document has been prepared under the Commission's standardisation request C(2015) 5376 final [i.2] to
provide one voluntary means of conforming to the essential requirements of Directive 2014/53/EU on the harmonisation
of the laws of the Member States relating to the making available on the market of radio equipment and repealing
Directive 1999/5/EC [i.7].
Once the present document is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union under that Directive, compliance with
the normative clauses of the present document given in table A.1 confers, within the limits of the scope of the present
document, a presumption of conformity with the corresponding essential requirements of that Directive, and associated
EFTA regulations.
National transposition dates
Date of adoption of this EN: 26 April 2021
Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 31 July 2021
Date of latest publication of new National Standard
or endorsement of this EN (dop/e): 31 January 2022
Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 31 January 2023

ETSI
8 ETSI EN 302 186 V2.2.1 (2021-05)
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "shall", "shall not", "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and
"cannot" are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of
provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
Introduction
The present document is part of a set of standards developed by ETSI and is designed to fit in a modular structure to
cover all radio equipment within the scope of the Directive 2014/53/EU [i.7]. Each standard is a module in the structure.
The modular structure is shown in ETSI EG 201 399 [i.1].
The requirements have been selected to ensure an adequate level of compatibility with other radio services.
The present document may not cover those cases where a potential source of interference which is producing
individually repeated transient phenomena or a continuous phenomenon is present, e.g. a radar or broadcast site in the
near vicinity. In such a case it may be necessary to use special protection applied to either the source of interference, or
the interfered part or both.
The present document does not contain any requirement, recommendation or information about the installation of the
AES on aircraft.
The determination of the parameters of the AES using a given Geostationary Satellite Orbit (GSO) satellite for the
protection of the spectrum allocated to that satellite, is considered to be under the responsibility of the satellite operator
or the satellite network operators.
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9 ETSI EN 302 186 V2.2.1 (2021-05)
1 Scope
The present document specifies certain minimum technical performance requirements of Aircraft Earth Station (AES)
equipment with both transmit and receive capabilities for provision of aeronautical mobile satellite service, in the
frequency bands given in table 1.
Table 1: Frequency bands for the AES equipment specified in the present document
Mode of Operation Frequency Band
AES transmit 14,00 GHz to 14,50 GHz
AES transmit 12,75 GHz to 13,25 GHz
AES receive 10,70 GHz to 12,75 GHz

The AES has the following characteristics:
• These AESs are equipment for installation on aircraft.
• The AESs transmit in the 14,00 GHz to 14,50 GHz band receive within the range from 10,70 GHz to
12,75 GHz ("14 GHz"), referred to as "14 GHz AES" in the present document, are operating in one or more
frequency ranges of the Fixed-Satellite Service and Mobile-Satellite Service.
• The AESs transmit in the 12,75 GHz to 13,25 GHz band receive within the range from 10,70 GHz to
12,75 GHz ("13 GHz"), referred to as "13 GHz AES" in the present document, are operating in one or more
frequency ranges of the Fixed-Satellite Service.
NOTE 1: When the term "AES" used in the present document without stating 13 GHz AES or 14 GHz AES, it is a
reference to both 14 GHz AES and 13 GHz AES.
• The AES could consist of a number of modules from the antenna subsystem to the user interfaces.
• The AES uses linear polarization.
• The AES system uses digital modulation.
• The 14 GHz AES operates through a GSO satellite at least 3° away from any other geostationary satellite
operating in the same frequency band and covering the same area.
• The 13 GHz AES operates with a GSO satellite network whose frequency assignments are from the List of
Appendix 30B of the Radio Regulations.
• The antenna of the AES is directional, with means of tracking the satellites, which can be achieved by using
either an active phase array or reflective type configuration.
• These AESs are operating as part of a satellite network used for the distribution and/or exchange of
information between users.
• These AESs are controlled and monitored by a Network Control Facility (NCF). The NCF is outside the scope
of the present document.
• When on the ground, the 14 GHz AES does not transmit at elevation angles below 7° with respect to the local
horizontal plane, except at locations where transmissions below 7° are permitted by the local Administration;
(the minimum elevation angle is also limited as per clause 4.2).
The technical requirements in the present document are in two major categories:
• emission limits: to protect other radio services and systems from harmful interference generated by the AES
in normal use;
• AES Control and Monitoring Functions (CMFs): to protect other radio services and systems from unwanted
transmissions from the AES. The CMF in each AES is capable of answering to commands from the Network
Control Facility (NCF) for its supporting satellite network.
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10 ETSI EN 302 186 V2.2.1 (2021-05)
The present document applies to the AESs with their ancillary equipment and its various ports, and when operated
within the boundary limits of the operational environmental profile specified by the manufacturer.
The technical requirements for the 14 GHz AES in regard to the Power Flux Density (PFD) limits to protect Fixed
Service (FS) and Radio Astronomy Service (RAS) are based on annexes B and C of Recommendation ITU-R
M.1643 [5] and ECC Report 26 [i.4]. Furthermore, in relation to the protection of the Fixed Satellite Service (FSS) the
technical requirements of the AES take into account annex A of Recommendation ITU-R M.1643 [5].
The technical requirements for the 13 GHz AES in regards to the PFD limits on earth for the protection of FS are based
on the ECC Decision (19)04 [6].
The present document is intended to cover the provisions of Directive 2014/53/EU [i.7] (RE Directive) article 3.2,
which states that "… radio equipment shall be so constructed that it both effectively and supports the use of radio
spectrum allocated in order to avoid harmful interference".
NOTE 2: The relationship between the present document and essential requirements of article 3.2 of Directive
2014/53/EU [i.7] is given in annex A.
In addition to the present document, other ENs that specify technical requirements in respect of essential requirements
of other parts of article 3 of the RE Directive [i.7] may apply to equipment within the scope of the present document.
NOTE 3: A list of such ENs is included on the web site at: https://ec.europa.eu/growth/single-market/european-
standards/harmonised-standards/red_en.
The present document does not cover equipment compliance with relevant civil aviation regulations. In this respect, an
AES, for its installation and operation on board an aircraft is subject to additional national or international civil aviation
airworthiness certification requirements, for example to EUROCAE ED-14 [4].
2 References
2.1 Normative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
https://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document.
[1] Void.
[2] CISPR 16-1-1:2019: "Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods - Part 1-1: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus - Measuring apparatus".
[3] IEEE STD 149™-1979: "IEEE Standard Test Procedures for Antennas".
[4] EUROCAE ED-14 (2015) (Equivalent to RTCA DO-160D): "Environmental Conditions and Test
Procedures for Airborne Equipment".
[5] Recommendation ITU-R M.1643 (06-2003): "Technical and operational requirements for aircraft
earth stations of aeronautical mobile-satellite service including those using fixed-satellite service
network transponders in the band 14-14.5 GHz (Earth-to-space)".
[6] CEPT ECC Decision (19)04 (03-2020): "The harmonised use of spectrum, free circulation and use
of earth stations on-board aircraft operating with GSO FSS networks and NGSO FSS systems in
the frequency bands 12.75-13.25 GHz (Earth-to-space) and 10.7-12.75 GHz (space-to-Earth)".
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11 ETSI EN 302 186 V2.2.1 (2021-05)
[7] ETSI ETS 300 457 (Edition 1) (11-1995): "Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Test
methods for Television Receive Only (TVRO) operating in the 11/12 GHz frequency bands".
2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks
...