SIST EN 13367:2005+A1:2008

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Stroji za keramiko - Varnost - Prenosne mize in vozilaKeramikmaschinen - Sicherheit - Schiebebühnen und WagenMachines de la céramique - Sécurité - Chariots et wagons de transfertCeramic machines - Safety - Transfer platforms and cars81.100Equipment for the glass and ceramics industriesICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 13367:2005+A1:2008SIST EN 13367:2005+A1:2008en01-december-2008SIST EN 13367:2005+A1:2008SLOVENSKI
STANDARD



SIST EN 13367:2005+A1:2008



EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 13367:2005+A1
October 2008 ICS 81.100 Supersedes EN 13367:2005 English Version
Ceramic machines - Safety - Transfer platforms and cars
Machines de la céramique - Sécurité - Chariots et wagons de transfert
Keramikmaschinen - Sicherheit - Schiebebühnen und Wagen This European Standard was approved by CEN on 14 February 2005 and includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 25 August 2008.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels © 2008 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 13367:2005+A1:2008: ESIST EN 13367:2005+A1:2008



EN 13367:2005+A1:2008 (E)
2 Contents Page Foreword.3 Introduction.4 1 Scope.5 2 Normative references.5 3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviated terms.6 4 List of significant hazards.7 5 Safety requirements and/or protective measures.10 5.1 General.10 5.2 General requirements.10 5.3 Traffic area/working area.12 5.4 Automatically controlled plants and machinery.14 5.5 Control.15 6 Verification of safety requirements and/or protective measures.17 7 Information for use.18 7.1 General.18 7.2 Accompanying documents (in particular: Instruction handbook).18 7.3 Marking.19 Annex A (informative)
Drawing of transfer platform with car.20 Annex B (informative)
Captive device to prevent the overturning of finger cars on transfer platforms.21 Annex C (informative)
Safety measures to avoid trapping of persons in tunnel kilns.22 Annex D (informative)
Shock absorber and drag for automatic transfer platform with finger car.25 Annex E (informative)
Emergency stop with overtravel run out.26 Annex ZA (informative)
Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 98/37/EC.27 Annex ZB (informative)
!!!!Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC"""".28 Bibliography.29
SIST EN 13367:2005+A1:2008



EN 13367:2005+A1:2008 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 13367:2005+A1:2008) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 151 “Construction equipment and building material machines — Safety”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2009, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2009. This document includes Amendment 1, approved by CEN on 2008-08-25. This document supersedes EN 13367:2005. The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags ! ". This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). !For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annexes ZA and ZB, which are integral parts of this document." This European Standard includes a Bibliography. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
SIST EN 13367:2005+A1:2008



EN 13367:2005+A1:2008 (E)
4 Introduction This European Standard is a type C standard as stated in EN ISO 12100-1:2003. The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations and events are covered is indicated in the scope of this European Standard. When provisions of this type C standard are different from those which are stated in type A or B standards, the provisions of this type C standard take precedence over the provisions of the other standards, for machines that have been designed and built according to the provisions of this type C standard.
When compiling this European Standard it was assumed that:  negotiations occur between the manufacturer and the user concerning especially the building components in relation to:  static;  sufficient free space (minimum gap) between vehicles and fixed parts of the building and between cars on adjoining rails;  laying of tracks;  local separation of the area of process related transport on rails and the machinery and equipment connected with it, e.g. for setting, dehacking, drying, burning, from other work stations and intended traffic routes;  hazards of crushing between moving cars and fixed parts of machines for setting and loading or dehacking or unloading are covered by the preventive measures at these machines;  the place of use is adequately lit;  the existing ad hoc standards for components are applied;  components without specific requirements are designed in accordance with usual engineering practice and calculation codes;  components are kept in good repair and working order, so that the required characteristic remain despite wear;  specifications have been met about interface with machinery and equipment connected with the process related transport with transfer platforms and cars such as kilns, dryers, machinery for setting, loading, dehacking, unloading;  the design and working mode exclude an overload of cars. SIST EN 13367:2005+A1:2008



EN 13367:2005+A1:2008 (E) 5 1 Scope 1.1 This European Standard applies for the design, installation and commissioning of transfer platforms and cars and ancillary devices for the process related transport of ceramic material on rails. The rails, which are considered to be horizontal and the movement of vehicles in equipment and machinery connected with the process related transport such as kilns, dryers, collector scaffolds, machinery for loading and unloading are also covered. 1.2 This European Standard deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to transfer platforms and cars, when they are used as intended and under the conditions foreseen by the manufacturer (see Clause 4). Noise is not a significant hazard. This document deals with the preventive measures to minimise these hazards which can arise during commissioning, the operation and maintenance. 1.3 This European Standard is not applicable to: 1.3.1 Kilns and dryers (see EN 746-1:1997), machinery for setting and dehacking of heavy clay and refractory, products and machinery for loading and unloading of fine clay tiles; 1.3.2 Retrial, packaging and storage of finished products; 1.3.3 Transport of cars with not rail mounted equipment e.g. with driverless trucks (see EN 1525:1997); 1.3.4 Transfer platforms and cars which are driven by human power. 1.4 This European Standard is not applicable to transfer platforms and cars and ancillary devices which are manufactured before the date of publication of this European Standard by CEN. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 349:1993, Safety of machinery — Minimum gaps to avoid crushing of parts of the human body EN 418:1992, Safety of machinery — Emergency stop equipment, functional aspects — Principles for design EN 954-1:1996, Safety of machinery — Safety-related parts of control systems — Part 1: General principles for design EN 982:1996, Safety of machinery — Safety requirements for fluid power systems and their components — Hydraulics EN 999:1998, Safety of machinery — The positioning of protective equipment in respect of approach speeds of parts of the human body EN 1037:1995, Safety of machinery — Prevention of unexpected start-up EN 1088:1995, Safety of machinery — Interlocking devices associated with guards — Principles for design and selection EN 1760-2:2001, Safety of machinery — Pressure sensitive protective devices — Part 2: General principles for the design and testing of pressure sensitive edges and pressure sensitive bars EN 60204-1:1997, Safety of machinery — Electrical equipment of machines — Part 1: General requirements (IEC 60204-1:1997) EN 61496-1:2004, Safety of machinery — Electro-sensitive protective equipment — Part 1: General requirements and tests (IEC 61496-1:2004, modified) SIST EN 13367:2005+A1:2008



EN 13367:2005+A1:2008 (E)
6 prEN 61496-2:2004, Safety of machinery — Electro-sensitive protective equipment — Part 2: Particular requirements for equipment using active opto-electronic protective devices (AOPDs) (IEC 61496-2:1997) EN ISO 12100-1:2003, Safety of machinery — Basic concepts, general principles for design — Part 1: Basic terminology, methodology (ISO 12100-1:2003) EN ISO 12100-2:2003, Safety of machinery — Basic concepts, general principles for design — Part 2: Technical principles (ISO 12100-2:2003) 3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviated terms For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 12100-1:2003 and the following apply. 3.1 cars rail mounted vehicles e.g. drying cars, kiln cars, finger cars, container cars, frame cars for accumulating (see Annex A (informative)) 3.2 transfer platform rail mounted vehicle for the movement of cars transverse to direction of their tracks (see Annex A (informative)) NOTE The term vehicle comprises cars and transfer platforms. 3.3 ancillary devices equipment which is an essential part of a system of transfer platforms and cars such as pushing or pulling devices for cars, turntables, limit switches and their supports, brakes for cars without own drive 3.4 pushing or pulling devices means for power driven movement of cars without own drive by applying the moving force from outside e.g. by guided trolleys with catches. The drive is realised e.g. by ropes of motor driven winches, hydraulic cylinders, motor driven frictional wheels 3.5 turntables means to rotate cars around a vertical axis 3.6 process related transport movement of transfer platforms and cars in the course of different process operations of ceramic material such as drying, firing; accumulating is included 3.7 fixed parts objects able to produce high reaction force such as supporting pillars, cars on adjacent tracks 3.8 fixed low parts fixed parts, e.g. ancillary devices, not higher than 250 mm above floor level 3.9 mechanical stop structural or special component generally at the end of tracks for a rigid halt of vehicles 3.10 shock absorbers mechanical equipment at the end of tracks, which allows damped stops by turning kinetic energy into heat SIST EN 13367:2005+A1:2008



EN 13367:2005+A1:2008 (E) 7 3.11 working area zone as intended by the manufacturer with machines and equipment within the scope of this document where persons are for normal operation also of machinery and equipment connected with the process related transport on rails; inspection, maintenance, sampling and cleaning are excluded 3.12 traffic area zone with machinery and equipment within the scope of this document accessible by everyone without opening a guard, activating a trip device or without using additional auxiliary means, such as movable ladders. Traffic area includes the working area 3.13 operating control station place where manual controls (actuators) are installed to enable persons to perform the movements necessary for the usual working process 3.14 maintenance control station place where manual controls (actuators) are installed for automatically controlled machinery and plants to enable persons to perform necessary single movements for servicing, adjustment and dejamming 3.15 plant transport system with rail mounted transfer platforms and cars for a distinct ceramic process such as drying on cars in tunnel dryers, drying in chamber dryers and charging with finger cars, firing on kiln cars in tunnel kilns 4 List of significant hazards This clause contains all the significant hazards, hazardous situations and events, as far as they are dealt with in this standard, identified by risk assessment as significant for this type of machinery and which require action to eliminate or reduce the risk. SIST EN 13367:2005+A1:2008



EN 13367:2005+A1:2008 (E)
8 Table 1 — List of significant hazards Clause Hazards Danger zone/Dangerous item Preventive measures see clause 4.1 mechanical
4.1.1 crushing of the body between moving cars (and their loads) and fixed adjacent parts;
fixed parts: cars on adjacent tracks, building components, parts of equipment and machinery connected with the process related transport e.g. inlets of kilns and dryers between moving transfer platforms with or without (loaded) cars and fixed adjacent parts such as structures, kilns, cars on their respective tracks 5.3.1; 5.4.2; 5.5.3; 5.5.6; 7.2.5; 7.2.6; 7.2.8 4.1.2 crushing and impact between the front of cars (and their loads), the front of transfer platforms with or without cars (and their loads) and (low) fixed parts; fixed parts: e.g. walls, stationary or slower travelling cars on the same track; low fixed parts e.g.: brakes, centring devices, the floor with rail itself; (impact) by the front of cars or of transfer platforms (with their loads) 5.3.8.2 to 5.3.8.4; 5.4.1.3; 5.4.1.4; 5.4.1.7; 5.4.2; 5.5.3; 7.2.6; 7.2.11; 7.2.12 4.1.3 crushing of the body between finger cars rotating by turntables on transfer platforms and fixed parts of the platform, e.g. consoles (cabins) 5.3.1.3; 5.3.8.2 to 5.3.8.5; 5.4.2; 5.5.3; 5.5.6; 7.2.9 SIST EN 13367:2005+A1:2008



EN 13367:2005+A1:2008 (E) 9 Table 1 (concluded) Clause Hazards Danger zone/Dangerous item Preventive measures see clause 4.1.4 crushing of the lower limbs between moving cars, transfer platforms, pushing or pulling devices and adjacent low fixed parts, e.g. position detectors, rail ends in front of transfer platform driving ways 5.3.3; 5.3.6; 5.4.2; 5.5.3; 5.5.6 4.1.5 crushing of the lower limbs between the fronts of pushing or pulling devices, the construction of transfer platforms and the floor with rails 5.3.4; 5.4.1.5; 5.4.2; 5.5.3; 5.5.6; 7.1.12 4.1.6 crushing, roll over of feet rails/wheels of cars, transfer platforms, pushing or pulling devices
5.2.10; 5.3.5 4.1.7 drawing - in loose coils of ropes; rope take-up on winch drums, deflection and return pulleys 5.2.7; 5.2.8 4.1.8 trapping finger cars with ride on drivers in chamber dryers; automatically moved cars in confined space 5.3.8.8; 5.4.1.6; 5.4.2; 5.5.3; 5.5.6; 7.2.1.3 4.2 electrical direct contact of conductor wires or of cables with damaged insulation 5.2.5; 5.2.6; 7.2.16 4.3 by neglecting ergonomic principles
4.3.1 inadequate local lighting chamber dryers 5.2.4 4.3.2 inadequate design and location of manual con-trols (actuators) missing view over danger zones; dangerous position 5.3.8.3; 5.5.4.1; 5.5.4.2 4.4 unexpected start-up, overrun – malfunction by:
4.4.1 failure, disorder of the control system overrun by: hold-to run device, which fails to deliver a stop command when released by failure of limiting devices; non release of contactors; start-up: all machinery or parts of it 5.5.1; 5.3.9; 5.5.2; 5.5.7; 7.2.4; 7.2.15; 7.2.16 4.4.2 external influences local changes in rail gradient, kinetic en-ergy of the car or induced by other cars 5.2.2; 5.3.9; 7.2.4 4.4.3 errors made by the op-erator due to human behaviour misuse by untrained persons; erroneous start of machinery; manipulation 5.2.5; 5.3.8.5; 5.3.8.6; 5.3.9, 5.5.1; 5.5.3.6; 5.5.6; 7.2.4; 7.2.10; 7.2.15; 7.2.16 4.5 impossibility of stop-ping the machine in the best possible condi-tions braking, emergency stop, failure of operational stop 5.2.1; 5.5.2; 5.5.5, 7.2.9 4.6 break-up during opera-tion ropes, transfer platforms and cars 5.2.7; 5.2.9; 7.2.7 4.7 falling objects load of finger cars, unstable load on cars 5.3.8.7; 5.3.10; 7.2.3 4.8 overturning of machin-ery finger cars 5.2.3 4.9 slip, trip, fall of persons
4.9.1 trip of persons parts protruding the floor such as tracks, pushing or pulling devices, limit switches 5.3.2; 5.3.7 4.9.2 fall of persons operating stations on transfer platforms 5.3.8.9
SIST EN 13367:2005+A1:2008



EN 13367:2005+A1:2008 (E)
10 5 Safety requirements and/or protective measures 5.1 General Machinery shall comply with the safety requirements and/or protective measures of Clause 5. In addition, transfer platforms, cars and ancillary devices shall be designed according to the principles of both parts of EN ISO 12100 for hazards relevant but not significant which are not dealt with by this document (e.g. sharp edges). For applications of EN 418:1992, EN 954-1:1996, EN 982:1996, EN 999:1998, EN 1037:1995, EN 1088:1995, EN 60204-1:1997 and due to complexity and variety of machinery covered, the manufacturer shall carry out an adequate risk assessment for the requirements thereof where choice is necessary. NOTE This specific risk assessment is part of the general risk assessment relating to the hazards not covered by this type C standard. 5.2 General requirements 5.2.1 Mechanical brakes Transfer platforms and cars with own drive, e.g. finger cars, shall be equipped with mechanical brakes to be able to be stopped and hold (immobilised) at any time even if there is a failure of the power supply. When transfer platforms and cars with own drive are controlled in the automatic mode, devices to brake and hold shall be self-acting, when the power supply fails. 5.2.2 Devices against unintended movement Devices shall be installed, which brake or stop unintended movement of cars without own drive caused by kinetic energy or by local falling gradient of the track:  at rail ends in front of transfer platforms driving ways;  where trip devices (see e.g. 5.3.1.2) or hold-to-run control devices (see 5.3.1.3) are provided to interrupt dangerous movements of cars at crushing points;  in the working area of permanent setting and/or unloading stations, at which persons stand on the floor;  on transfer platforms. Suitable devices are for example:  brakes acting permanently from outside on the cars;  back run mechanisms on tracks where cars are moved only in one direction. Devices operating in the positive mode shall be (additionally) installed:  for immobilising finger cars with ride on drivers on transfer platforms (see 5.2.9.3), e.g. by self acting bolts;  to prevent cars, which move in elevated position from running off from rail ends in front of transfer platform driving ways in multi level buffers, e.g. by self acting mechanical stops, which are only retracted by positive operation by means of the transfer platform, when the latter is correctly positioned to the respective track.
NOTE For immobilising cars in variable areas, where people stand on the floor for setting/unloading see 5.3.9. SIST EN 13367:2005+A1:2008



EN 13367:2005+A1:2008 (E) 11 5.2.3 Tipping of finger cars Finger cars shall be positively secured against tipping during transverse movement on transfer platforms (see Annex B (informative)). 5.2.4 Lighting Motor driven finger cars with ride on driver shall be equipped with minimum one head lamp. 5.2.5 Supply disconnecting (isolating) devices For each machine and for conductor wires, flexible cable systems (reeled, festooned) a lockable supply disconnecting device according to 5.3.2.a), b) or c) of EN 60204-1:1997 accessible for the operator shall be provided. The operating handles (manual controls) shall be black or grey with the exception of those which are provided for emergency stop (see e.g. 5.5.2.1). 5.2.6 Covering of conductor wires Electrical conductor wires even if they are out of reach shall be covered at least according to IP 2X (see 13.8.1 of EN 60204-1:1997) to prevent direct contact. 5.2.7 Winches Overwinding of loose coils of ropes from winch drums shall be prevented, e.g. by use of permanent weak acting brakes or by means ensuring permanent pressure on the ropes. To achieve a correct wrap of the rope and to avoid an excessive strain for ropes the following requirements shall be met:  the safety factor shall be 4;  the fleet angle of the rope to the drum shall not exceed 4°, otherwise a mechanical rope guide shall be provided;  the ratio diameter of the rope to diameter of the drum shall be minimum 1:14;  the safety factor for the transmission force of traction sheaves shall be > 1,5;  the ratio of rope diameter to diameter of the traction sheave shall be minimum 1:20 and grooves shall be V-shaped;  the height of flanges of drums shall equal the number of layers plus 1. NOTE Checks of ropes: see 7.2.7. 5.2.8 Rope take-up Rope take-up on winch drums, deflection and return pulleys shall be guarded against accidental drawing-in e.g. by a cover from above or filling in of nips of return pulleys. 5.2.9 Interface between transfer platforms and cars 5.2.9.1 Transfer platforms in conjunction with cars shall be designed and interlocked in such a way that: 5.2.9.2 Cars can only be moved off or onto transfer platforms, when the platform is exactly adjusted to the adjoining rails and immobilised, e.g. by bolts, and 5.2.9.3 Transfer platforms can only be moved when:  mechanical blocks which are used to fulfil the requirements of 5.2.9.2 are disengaged, and SIST EN 13367:2005+A1:2008



EN 13367:2005+A1:2008 (E)
12  pushing or pulling devices are retracted, and  cars without own drive are completely delivered or are positioned as intended on the platform and immobilised, and  finger cars with ride on drivers are positioned as intended and immobilised in the positive mode e.g. by jumping of a bolt into a groove, and 5.2.9.4 Interlockings, which are used to comply with the requirements of 5.2.9.2 and 5.2.9.3 are in accordance with minimum category 1 of EN 954-1:1996. 5.2.10 Running wheels Wheels of all transfer platforms, finger cars and pushing or pulling devices, which are not safeguarded by design against access from all sides, shall be fitted with rail strikers on both sides of each wheel. NOTE Wheels of other cars than finger cars see 5.3.5. 5.3 Traffic area/working area 5.3.1 Avoidance of crushing of the body 5.3.1.1 A gap of minimum 0,5 m in accordance with EN 349:1993 shall be left to avoid the hazard of crushing of the body in the traffic area between the furthest projecting parts of the moving transfer platforms, cars and their loads and fixed parts adjacent to the direction of the travel. This gap shall also be left between cars on adjoining rails (adjacent tracks).
NOTE Cars adjoining continuous smooth walls do not represent a hazard of crushing of the body. 5.3.1.2 The lateral minimum gap of 0,5 m according to 5.3.1.1 does not need to be left in the traffic area if the hazard of crushing of the body is prevented by trip devices e.g. a pressure sensitive edges or trip bars according to EN 1760-2:2001 at transfer platforms or mounted at crushing points interrupting the movements of vehicles. The movement of the vehicle shall be come to a standstill within the total travel of the bar according to 3.21 of
EN 1760-2:2001. The pressure sensitive protective device and the following control shall be according to category 1 of EN 954-1:1996. Where this is not possible category 3 of EN 954-1:1996 shall be applied. The actuating force shall be maximum 150 Newton. NOTE 1 Test of trip bars: see 7.2.6. NOTE 2 Restart see 5.5.6 5.3.1.3 Where compelling operational or technical reasons demand, that the minimum lateral gap of 0,5 m according to 5.3.1.1 is not kept in the traffic area, e.g.:  at the entrance of kilns and dryers;  at the entrance and inside of scaffolds for collecting and drying;  where finger cars are turned on transfer platforms;  at loading and unloading ramps, the hazard of crushing of the body may be reduced, derogating the requirements of 5.3.1.2, by use of a hold-to-run control device, if the equipment is controlled exclusively manually and all the following steps are taken:  the requirements of 5.3.8.2 to 5.3.8.5 are fulfilled, and SIST EN 13367:2005+A1:2008



EN 13367:2005+A1:2008 (E) 13  the travel movement can be interrupted in the event of a risk to persons, taking into account e.g. speed, mass, stopping time, human reaction time (see e.g. 5.2.1 and 5.2.2). 5.3.2 Trip hazards caused by tracks and ancillary devices Trip hazards in the traffic area shall be avoided or reduced by:  laying tracks level with the floor. With exception of the working area at permanent setting and/or unloading stations of kiln cars (see 5.3.7) the upper edge of the rails may be maximum 0,04 m above floor level to give way for the flanges of the wheels and to allow easy cleaning by avoiding small flange grooves;  clear visibility or distinct marking of ancillary devices. 5.3.3 Crushing and shearing hazards at rail ends Where the upper edge of rails exceeds the floor level (see 5.3.2) the hazards of crushing and shearing of the feet between rail ends in front of transfer platforms driving ways and parts of the moving platform, especially rail ends on the platform shall be avoided in the traffic area e.g. by sloping off gently to the floor level. 5.3.4 Crushing hazards caused by the fronts of pushing or pulling devices Crushing hazards of the feet in the traffic area between the fronts of pushing or pulling devices and floor and rails shall be prevented where practicable e.g. by full plates extending down to the floor level. NOTE Crushing hazards are avoided, if pushing or pulling devices are laid below floor level and are covered, see 5.3.7. 5.3.5 Crushing hazards caused by running wheels of cars Wheels of cars e.g. kiln cars,
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