SIST ISO 18466:2019

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 18466
First edition
2016-12-15
Stationary source emissions —
Determination of the biogenic
fraction in CO in stack gas using the
balance method
Émission des sources fixes — Détermination de la fraction biogénique
de CO dans les gaz de cheminées en utilisant la méthode des bilans
Reference number
©
ISO 2016
© ISO 2016, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Ch. de Blandonnet 8 • CP 401
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland
Tel. +41 22 749 01 11
Fax +41 22 749 09 47
copyright@iso.org
www.iso.org
ii © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 2
5 Requirements . 4
5.1 Input stream parameters . 4
5.2 Output stream parameters . 4
6 Sampling . 5
6.1 Sampling of input streams . 5
6.2 Sampling of output streams . 5
7 Test methods . 5
7.1 General . 5
7.2 Process input . 5
7.2.1 Amount of fuel that is combusted . 5
7.2.2 Amount of combustion air . 6
7.2.3 Auxiliary fuel or oxygen enrichment . 6
7.3 Process output . 6
7.3.1 Stack emissions . 6
7.3.2 Energy production . 6
7.3.3 Solid outputs. 6
8 Balance calculation . 6
8.1 General . 6
8.2 Mass balance . 7
8.3 Ash balance . 7
8.4 Carbon balance . 7
8.5 Energy balance . 7
8.6 O consumption balance . 8
8.7 Difference between O consumption and CO production . 9
2 2
8.8 Water balance .10
8.9 Composition of the organic matter .10
8.10 Operating data of the Waste for Energy (WfE) plant and plausibility checks .11
8.11 Mathematical solution with data reconciliation .12
8.12 Calculation model .13
9 Operating the model .20
9.1 Installation routines .20
9.2 Ongoing operation calculation routines .21
10 Uncertainty budget methodology and interpretation .21
Annex A (informative) Reference chemical compositions of moisture and ash free biogenic
and fossil organic matter .22
Annex B (informative) Reference chemical compositions for the auxiliary fuels .23
Bibliography .24
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment,
as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the
Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 146, Air quality, Subcommittee SC 1, Stationary
source emissions.
iv © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

Introduction
During the combustion of solid fuels, O is consumed and CO is simultaneously produced. Biogenic
2 2
and fossil organic matter do not only show strong differences regarding O consumption and CO
2 2
production, but also differences in their respective calorific value and carbon content are observable.
The balance method can be used when the elementary composition of moisture and ash free biomass
and fossil matter present in the fuel used is known and online stack gas composition measurements
(O and CO ) are available at high accuracy. It will enable online modelling of biomass fossil ratio’s in
2 2
stack gas giving the user the opportunity to control or report that ratio. The generated model data can
be verified using the radiocarbon ( C) determined biomass fuel ratio. The results obtained using this
document will be complementary to the results obtained with ISO 13833. In ISO 13833, the biogenic
fraction in stack gas from plants with unknown fuel composition is determined using the C method. If
the chemical composition of pure biogenic and fossil matter (contents of C, H, N, S, O referred of moisture
and ash free biomass and fossil organic matter, respectively) present in the fuel used is known, the
biogenic CO fraction can be calculated utilizing different operating data of the Waste for Energy (WfE)
plant. When the chlorine content is sufficiently high, it can be additionally used to optimize the mass
balances.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 18466:2016(E)
Stationary source emissions — Determination of the
biogenic fraction in CO in stack gas using the balance
method
1 Scope
This document enables the determination of the biogenic fraction in CO in stack gas using the balance
method. The balance method uses a mathematical model that is based on different operating data of the
Waste for Energy (WfE) plant (including stack gas composition) and information about the elementary
composition of biogenic and fossil matter present in the fuel used.
NOTE Use only mixed fuels when using the calculation method.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 12039, Stationary source emissions — Determination of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and
oxygen — Performance characteristics and calibration of automated measuring systems
EN 14181, Quality assurance of automated measuring systems
EN 15259, Air quality — Measurement of stationary source emissions — Requirements for measurement
sections and sites and for the measurement objective, plan and report
EN 15267-3, Air quality — Certification of automated measuring systems — Part 3: Performance criteria
and test procedures for automated measuring systems for monitoring emissions from stationary sources
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedi
...