Aerospace series - Metallic materials - Micrographic determination of content of non-metallic inclusions

This document specifies the general requirements for the micrographic determination of content of non-metallic inclusions of metallic materials for aerospace applications.
It also gives tables of standard acceptance criteria for particular steel types.
It shall be applied when referred to in the EN technical specification or material standard unless otherwise specified on the drawing, order or inspection schedule.
This document is mainly applicable to steel but may be used on other metallic materials.
This document is not normally applicable to austenitic corrosion resisting steel, other than precipitation hardening, or to free-machining steel unless invoked in the material standards.

Luft- und Raumfahrt - Metallische Werkstoffe - Mikrographische Bestimmung von nichtmetallischen Einschlüssen

Dieses Dokument legt die allgemeinen Anforderungen an die mikrographische Bestimmung des Gehalts an nichtmetallischen Einschlüssen in metallischen Werkstoffen für Anwendungen in der Luft- und Raumfahrt fest.
Es enthält auch Tabellen der Standard-Abnahmekriterien für bestimmte Stahltypen.
Es muss angewendet werden, wenn auf das Dokument in EN-Werkstoffnormen oder Technischen Lieferbedingungen verwiesen wird, sofern in der Zeichnung, Bestellung oder Prüfanweisung keine anderslautenden Festlegungen angegeben sind.
Dieses Dokument ist in erster Linie auf Stahl anwendbar, kann jedoch auch für andere metallische Werkstoffe verwendet werden.
Dieses Dokument ist üblicherweise nicht auf austenitische korrosionsbeständige Stähle — ausgenommen aushärtbare — oder Automatenstähle anwendbar, es sei denn, es wird in den Werkstoffnormen herangezogen.

Série aérospatiale - Matériaux métalliques - Détermination par micrographie de la distribution d'inclusions non-métalliques

Le présent document spécifie les exigences générales pour la détermination par micrographie de la distribution d’inclusions non métalliques de matériaux métalliques pour applications aérospatiales.
Elle donne également des tableaux de critères d’acceptation de la norme pour des types d’acier particuliers.
Elle doit être appliquée lorsqu'elle est mentionnée dans la spécification technique EN ou la norme matériau, sauf indication contraire dans le schéma, la commande ou le calendrier d'inspections.
Le présent document s’applique principalement à l’acier, mais peut être utilisée sur d’autres matériaux métalliques.
Le présent document n'est normalement pas applicable aux aciers austénitiques résistants à la corrosion autres que les durcissables par précipitation ou des aciers de décolletage sauf indication dans les normes de matériaux.

Aeronavtika - Kovinski materiali - Mikrografsko ugotavljanje deleža nekovinskih vključkov

Ta dokument določa splošne zahteve za mikrografsko ugotavljanje deleža nekovinskih vključkov v kovinskih materialih za uporabo v aeronavtiki.
Prav tako podaja tabele standardnih kriterijev sprejemljivosti za posamezne vrste jekla.
Uporabljati ga je treba, kadar se nanj sklicuje v tehnični specifikaciji ali standardu EN za materiale, razen če je na risbi, v naročilu ali v razporedu pregledov navedeno drugače.
Ta dokument se uporablja predvsem za jeklo, vendar se lahko uporabi tudi za druge kovinske materiale.
Ta dokument se običajno ne uporablja za avstenitno jeklo, odporno na korozijo, razen za izločevalno
utrjeno ali avtomatno jeklo, če to ni izpostavljeno v standardu za materiale.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
11-Jun-2019
Technical Committee
I13 - Imaginarni 13
Current Stage
6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
Start Date
07-Jun-2019
Due Date
12-Aug-2019
Completion Date
12-Jun-2019

Overview

EN 2951:2019 - "Aerospace series - Metallic materials - Micrographic determination of content of non‑metallic inclusions" (CEN) specifies general requirements for the micrographic measurement and acceptance of non‑metallic inclusions in metallic materials used in aerospace. The standard is primarily applicable to steel (with limited application to other metallics) and provides classification, test method selection, and tables of acceptance criteria tailored to different steel types and melting routes. EN 2951:2019 is applied when referenced by EN material standards, drawings, orders or inspection schedules.

Key topics and requirements

  • Test methods: Microscopical Method A or Method D of ASTM E45 are mandated. Method selection depends on the melting route (e.g., air‑melted → Method A; remelted → A or D).
  • Sampling & specimen prep: Specimen geometry and preparation follow ASTM E45 procedures; counting is performed over a 160 mm² area (Method A uses the worst field; Method D uses 320 fields equivalent to 160 mm²).
  • Inclusion classification: Four inclusion types are defined:
    • A - Sulphides
    • B - Aluminates
    • C - Silicates
    • D - Globular oxides
      Each type is further categorized by thin or heavy series based on inclusion thickness.
  • Acceptance categories: Standard acceptance criteria are provided (Categories 1–5) and linked to melting routes and steel families (air‑melt, vacuum remelt, double vacuum remelt, electroslag remelt). Annex A contains detailed tables specifying maximum worst‑field and average ratings per inclusion type.
  • Counting rules & limits: Methods specify worst‑field or average per cast evaluation, permitted worst severities, maximum rateable fields, and combined‑field examples to clarify allowable combinations.
  • Health & safety: Procedures must comply with local regulations for hazardous materials and test equipment.

Applications

  • Quality control and acceptance testing of aerospace steels and specified metallic parts.
  • Metallurgical assessment during material qualification, heat‑treatment validation, and supplier certification.
  • Inspection criteria for forgings, castings and remelted products where inclusion content influences fatigue, fracture and performance in aerospace components.

Who uses this standard

  • Materials and metallurgical engineers
  • Quality/inspection laboratories and NDT/metallography technicians
  • Aerospace OEMs, suppliers and procurement/specification writers
  • Standards and compliance teams in aviation and defense industries

Related standards

  • EN 4258 (organization of aerospace metallic standards)
  • EN 4259 (definition of general terms)
  • ASTM E45 (micrographic test methods for inclusion content)

Keywords: EN 2951:2019, micrographic determination, non‑metallic inclusions, aerospace, metallic materials, inclusion classification, acceptance criteria, ASTM E45, steel acceptance.

Frequently Asked Questions

SIST EN 2951:2019 is a standard published by the Slovenian Institute for Standardization (SIST). Its full title is "Aerospace series - Metallic materials - Micrographic determination of content of non-metallic inclusions". This standard covers: This document specifies the general requirements for the micrographic determination of content of non-metallic inclusions of metallic materials for aerospace applications. It also gives tables of standard acceptance criteria for particular steel types. It shall be applied when referred to in the EN technical specification or material standard unless otherwise specified on the drawing, order or inspection schedule. This document is mainly applicable to steel but may be used on other metallic materials. This document is not normally applicable to austenitic corrosion resisting steel, other than precipitation hardening, or to free-machining steel unless invoked in the material standards.

This document specifies the general requirements for the micrographic determination of content of non-metallic inclusions of metallic materials for aerospace applications. It also gives tables of standard acceptance criteria for particular steel types. It shall be applied when referred to in the EN technical specification or material standard unless otherwise specified on the drawing, order or inspection schedule. This document is mainly applicable to steel but may be used on other metallic materials. This document is not normally applicable to austenitic corrosion resisting steel, other than precipitation hardening, or to free-machining steel unless invoked in the material standards.

SIST EN 2951:2019 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 49.025.10 - Steels. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.

SIST EN 2951:2019 is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.

Standards Content (Sample)


SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-september-2019
Aeronavtika - Kovinski materiali - Mikrografsko ugotavljanje deleža nekovinskih
vključkov
Aerospace series - Metallic materials - Micrographic determination of content of non-
metallic inclusions
Luft- und Raumfahrt - Metallische Werkstoffe - Mikrographische Bestimmung von
nichtmetallischen Einschlüssen
Série aérospatiale - Matériaux métalliques - Détermination par micrographie de la
distribution d'inclusions non-métalliques
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 2951:2019
ICS:
49.025.10 Jekla Steels
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EN 2951
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
May 2019
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 49.025.10
English Version
Aerospace series - Metallic materials - Micrographic
determination of content of non-metallic inclusions
Série aérospatiale - Matériaux métalliques - Luft- und Raumfahrt - Metallische Werkstoffe -
Détermination par micrographie de la distribution Mikrographische Bestimmung von nichtmetallischen
d'inclusions non-métalliques Einschlüssen
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 30 December 2018.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2019 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 2951:2019 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Introduction . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms and definitions . 5
4 Health and safety . 5
5 Test method . 6
6 Classification of inclusions . 6
7 Acceptance criteria . 6
Annex A (normative) Acceptance criteria – Categories . 8
A.1 Categories of acceptance . 8
A.2 Example of the use of combined field ratings . 9
Annex B (informative) Standard evolution form . 10

European foreword
This document (EN 2951:2019) has been prepared by the Aerospace and Defence Industries Association
of Europe - Standardization (ASD-STAN).
After enquiries and votes carried out in accordance with the rules of this Association, this Standard has
received the approval of the National Associations and the Official Services of the member countries of
ASD, prior to its presentation to CEN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2019, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest November 2019.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands,
Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
the United Kingdom.
Introduction
This document is part of the series of EN metallic material standards for aerospace applications. The
general organization of this series is described in EN 4258.

1 Scope
This document specifies the general requirements for the micrographic determination of content of non-
metallic inclusions of metallic materials for aerospace applications.
It also gives tables of standard acceptance criteria for particular steel types.
It shall be applied when referred to in the EN technical specification or material standard unless
otherwise specified on the drawing, order or inspection schedule.
This document is mainly applicable to steel but may be used on other metallic materials.
This document is not normally applicable to austenitic corrosion resisting steel, other than precipitation
hardening, or to free-machining steel unless invoked in the material standards.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 4258, Aerospace series — Metallic materials — General organization of standardization — Links
between types of EN standards and their use
1)
EN 4259, Aerospace series — Metallic materials — Definition of general terms
2)
ASTM E45, Standard Test Methods for Determining the Inclusion Content of Steel
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 4259 apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: availab
...

Questions, Comments and Discussion

Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.

Loading comments...