SIST EN 301 489-14 V1.1.1:2003
(Main)Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC) standard for radio equipment and services; Part 14: Specific conditions for analogue and digital terrestrial TV broadcasting service transmitters
- Abstract
Provide to broadcaster companies and manufacturers an European EMC standard for terrestrial broadcasting transmitters to make in compliance the products with the essentials EMC requirements under the 3.1 (b) article of the R&TTE directive.
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 28-Feb-2003
- Technical Committee
- RES - Radio equipment and systems
- Current Stage
- 6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
- Start Date
- 01-Mar-2003
- Due Date
- 01-Mar-2003
- Completion Date
- 01-Mar-2003
- Mandate
- M/284
SIST EN 301 489-14 V1.1.1:2003 is the Slovenian adoption of ETSI EN 301 489-14 for electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) in analogue and digital terrestrial TV broadcasting service transmitters. It gives the test conditions, performance assessment and performance criteria used to check transmitters, exciters and associated ancillary equipment against the essential EMC requirements of Article 3.1(b) of the R&TTE Directive.
What does SIST EN 301 489-14 V1.1.1:2003 specify?
SIST EN 301 489-14 V1.1.1:2003 specifies how to assess EMC for analogue and digital terrestrial television broadcasting transmitters and their associated ancillary equipment. It is written for broadcast service equipment such as transmitters, transposers, active deflectors and RF power amplifiers used for TV broadcasting.
The standard works together with EN 301 489-1 and gives its own special conditions where broadcast transmitters need different test treatment. It excludes antenna port emissions and cabinet radiation, which are handled in the relevant ETSI product standards for radio spectrum use.
The document is organized into scope, references, definitions and abbreviations, test conditions, performance assessment, performance criteria, and applicability overview. Annex A lists the kinds of broadcasting service equipment covered, Annex B gives bibliography references, and Annex C gives the title in official languages.
| Annex | What it covers |
|---|---|
| Annex A | Types of analogue and digital television broadcasting service equipment covered |
| Annex B | Bibliography |
| Annex C | EN title in the official languages |
What are the key requirements of SIST EN 301 489-14 V1.1.1:2003?
Test conditions and set-up
SIST EN 301 489-14 V1.1.1:2003 uses the general test conditions of EN 301 489-1, then adds broadcast-specific rules in Clause 4. For transmitters with base-band processing or coding, the relevant encoder must be active during testing, and reference encoders are used in operational mode.
For transposers and active deflectors, the wanted RF input is set to the midpoint of the manufacturer-declared range. For RF power amplifiers, the wanted input comes from an external modulator provided by the manufacturer. In practice, this means the EMC test setup must reflect the way the equipment is actually used in broadcasting.
Exclusion bands and test modulation
Clause 4 also defines exclusion bands. For transmitters and RF power amplifiers, the exclusion band is the allocated channel. For active deflectors and transposers, the exclusion band is based on the channel centre frequency with a -5% to +5% range.
The standard defines normal test modulation for analogue TV and for Terrestrial Digital Video Broadcasting (T-DVB). Analogue tests use the specified vision and sound carriers, while T-DVB tests use the EN 300 744 signal with fixed settings for Mode 8K, 1/32 guard interval, 64QAM and code ratio 2/3. This matters because the equipment is tested under a repeatable signal condition that represents normal broadcast operation.
Performance assessment and criteria
Clause 5 requires the manufacturer to declare key operating data when equipment is submitted for testing, including oscillator, clock and intermediate frequency values, filter bandwidths, and the nominal wanted RF input level for RF amplifiers. The manufacturer must also state whether external encoders are required and whether they are used in the EMC test.
Clause 6 separates continuous phenomena from transient phenomena. For continuous phenomena, the broadcasting link must stay established, monitored output parameters must stay within the permitted limits, and the equipment must not lose control functions or stored data. For transient phenomena, the link must be restored after each exposure and the final operating state must remain as intended.
Emission and immunity applicability
Clause 7 ties the document to the emission and immunity methods in EN 301 489-1, then adds special conditions. For higher-power transmitter ports, conducted emissions follow EN 55011; for lower-power ports, the limits from EN 301 489-1 apply. For immunity, the radiated RF field level is 10 V/m, conducted RF immunity is 10 Vrms, fast transients use ±2 kV on AC mains and ±1 kV on some DC, modulation and data ports, and surges use ±1 kV line-to-line and ±2 kV line-to-ground on AC mains.
What terms does SIST EN 301 489-14 V1.1.1:2003 define?
- Broadcasting service - A radiocommunication service where transmissions are intended for direct reception by the general public.
- Transposer - A Tx/Rx that receives an off-air input signal and rebroadcasts it on a different frequency.
- Active deflector - A Tx/Rx repeater or gap filler that receives an off-air signal and rebroadcasts it on the same frequency.
- RF power amplifier - A transmitter amplifier declared by the manufacturer for connection to a terrestrial broadcasting antenna system.
- Exciter - The low-level RF power driver stage of a broadcasting transmitter.
- T-DVB - Terrestrial Digital Video Broadcasting.
- CT - Continuous phenomena applied to Transmitters.
- TT - Transient phenomena applied to Transmitters.
Who uses SIST EN 301 489-14 V1.1.1:2003?
Broadcaster companies, transmitter manufacturers, EMC test laboratories, and conformity assessment teams use this standard. They use it to choose the right test arrangement, declare operating parameters, run EMC measurements, and judge whether analogue or digital terrestrial TV broadcasting equipment meets the required performance during electromagnetic stress.
Which standards are used with SIST EN 301 489-14 V1.1.1:2003?
- EN 301 489-1 - Provides the common technical requirements, general test conditions, and the baseline emission and immunity framework used throughout the part.
- EN 300 744 - Supplies the Terrestrial Digital Video Broadcasting modulation structure used for T-DVB testing.
- EN 55011 - Provides the conducted-emission measurement method used for higher-power AC and DC ports.
- EN 61000-4-3 - Gives the radiated radio-frequency electromagnetic field immunity test method.
- ITU-R Recommendation BT.500-9 - Provides the subjective picture-quality assessment method used for analogue TV performance evaluation.
What does the SIST EN 301 489-14 V1.1.1:2003 document contain?
Clause 4 gives the test conditions, signal arrangements and normal test modulation, with example test set-ups shown in figures for analogue TV and T-DVB transmitters. Clause 6 and Table 1 set the performance criteria for continuous and transient phenomena, including what must stay within limits and when subjective picture or sound quality is checked.
Clause 7 and Tables 2 and 3 adapt the EMC emission and immunity tests to broadcasting transmitters. Annex A lists the analogue and digital TV equipment types and frequency ranges covered, which helps engineers confirm whether a transmitter, active deflector or transposer falls within the standard’s scope.
Relations
- Official Journal Project Relation
SIST EN 301 489-14 V1.2.1:2004 - Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC) standard for radio equipment and services; Part 14: Specific conditions for analogue and digital terrestrial TV broadcasting service transmitters - Effective Date
- 01-Dec-2009
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Frequently Asked Questions
SIST EN 301 489-14 V1.1.1:2003 is a standard published by the Slovenian Institute for Standardization (SIST). Its full title is "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC) standard for radio equipment and services; Part 14: Specific conditions for analogue and digital terrestrial TV broadcasting service transmitters". This standard covers: Provide to broadcaster companies and manufacturers an European EMC standard for terrestrial broadcasting transmitters to make in compliance the products with the essentials EMC requirements under the 3.1 (b) article of the R&TTE directive.
Provide to broadcaster companies and manufacturers an European EMC standard for terrestrial broadcasting transmitters to make in compliance the products with the essentials EMC requirements under the 3.1 (b) article of the R&TTE directive.
SIST EN 301 489-14 V1.1.1:2003 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 33.060.20 - Receiving and transmitting equipment; 33.100.01 - Electromagnetic compatibility in general; 33.170 - Television and radio broadcasting. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
SIST EN 301 489-14 V1.1.1:2003 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to SIST EN 301 489-14 V1.2.1:2004. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
SIST EN 301 489-14 V1.1.1:2003 is associated with the following European legislation: EU Directives/Regulations: TRRTP124; Standardization Mandates: M/284. When a standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union, products manufactured in conformity with it benefit from a presumption of conformity with the essential requirements of the corresponding EU directive or regulation.
SIST EN 301 489-14 V1.1.1:2003 is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Elektromagnetna združljivost (EMC) in zadeve v zvezi z radijskim spektrom (ERM) - Standard elektromagnetne združljivosti (EMC) za radijsko opremo in storitve - 14. del: Posebni pogoji za oddajnike v storitvi analogne in digitalne prizemne televizijske radiodifuzijeElectromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC) standard for radio equipment and services; Part 14: Specific conditions for analogue and digital terrestrial TV broadcasting service transmitters33.170Televizijska in radijska difuzijaTelevision and radio broadcasting33.100.01Elektromagnetna združljivost na splošnoElectromagnetic compatibility in general33.060.20Sprejemna in oddajna opremaReceiving and transmitting equipmentICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 301 489-14 Version 1.1.1SIST EN 301 489-14 V1.1.1:2003en01-marec-2003SIST EN 301 489-14 V1.1.1:2003SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
ETSIEN301489-14V1.1.1(2002-05)CandidateHarmonizedEuropeanStandard(Telecommunicationsseries)ElectromagneticcompatibilityandRadiospectrumMatters(ERM);ElectroMagneticCompatibility(EMC)standardforradioequipmentandservices;Part14:SpecificconditionsforanalogueanddigitalterrestrialTVbroadcastingservicetransmittersSIST EN 301 489-14 V1.1.1:2003
ETSIETSIEN301489-14V1.1.1(2002-05)2ReferenceREN/ERM-EMC-225-14-1Keywordsbroadcasting,digital,EMC,radio,regulation,testing,TVETSI650RoutedesLuciolesF-06921SophiaAntipolisCedex-FRANCETel.:+33492944200Fax:+33493654716SiretN°34862356200017-NAF742CAssociationàbutnonlucratifenregistréeàlaSous-PréfecturedeGrasse(06)N°7803/88ImportantnoticeIndividualcopiesofthepresentdocumentcanbedownloadedfrom:http://www.etsi.orgThepresentdocumentmaybemadeavailableinmorethanoneelectronicversionorinprint.Inanycaseofexistingorperceiveddifferenceincontentsbetweensuchversions,thereferenceversionisthePortableDocumentFormat(PDF).Incaseofdispute,thereferenceshallbetheprintingonETSIprintersofthePDFversionkeptonaspecificnetworkdrivewithinETSISecretariat.Usersofthepresentdocumentshouldbeawarethatthedocumentmaybesubjecttorevisionorchangeofstatus.InformationonthecurrentstatusofthisandotherETSIdocumentsisavailableathttp://portal.etsi.org/tb/status/status.aspIfyoufinderrorsinthepresentdocument,sendyourcommentto:editor@etsi.frCopyrightNotificationNopartmaybereproducedexceptasauthorizedbywrittenpermission.Thecopyrightandtheforegoingrestrictionextendtoreproductioninallmedia.©EuropeanTelecommunicationsStandardsInstitute2002.Allrightsreserved.DECTTM,PLUGTESTSTMandUMTSTMareTradeMarksofETSIregisteredforthebenefitofitsMembers.TIPHONTMandtheTIPHONlogoareTradeMarkscurrentlybeingregisteredbyETSIforthebenefitofitsMembers.3GPPTMisaTradeMarkofETSIregisteredforthebenefitofitsMembersandofthe3GPPOrganizationalPartners.SIST EN 301 489-14 V1.1.1:2003
ETSIETSIEN301489-14V1.1.1(2002-05)3ContentsIntellectualPropertyRights.4Foreword.41Scope.62References.63Definitionsandabbreviations.73.1Definitions.73.2Abbreviations.74Testconditions.84.1General.84.2Arrangementsfortestsignals.84.2.1Arrangementsfortestsignalsattheinputoftransmitters.84.2.2Arrangementsfortestsignalsattheinputoftransposers,activedeflectors,orRFpoweramplifiers.84.2.3Arrangementsfortestsignalsattheoutputoftransmitters,transposers,activedeflectorsorRFpoweramplifiers.94.3RFexclusionbands.104.3.1TransmitterandRFpoweramplifierexclusionband.104.3.2Activedeflectorexclusionband.104.3.3Transposerexclusionband.114.4Narrowbandresponsesofreceivers.114.5Normaltestmodulation.114.5.1AnalogueModulation.114.5.2DigitalModulation(T-DVB).115Performanceassessment.115.1General.115.2Equipmentwhichcanprovideacontinuouscommunicationlinkasabroadcastingtransmission.125.3Equipmentwhichdoesnotprovideacontinuouscommunicationlinkasabroadcastingtransmission.125.4Ancillaryequipment.125.5Equipmentclassification.126Performancecriteria.126.1PerformancecriteriaforContinuousphenomenaappliedtoTransmitters(CT).126.2PerformancecriteriaforTransientphenomenaappliedtoTransmitters(TT).137Applicabilityoverview.147.1Emission.147.1.1General.147.1.2Specialconditions.147.2Immunity.147.2.1General.147.2.2Specialconditions.15AnnexA(informative):Typesofbroadcastingserviceequipmentcoveredbythepresentdocument.16A.1Analoguetelevision.16A.2Digitaltelevision.16AnnexB(informative):Bibliography.17AnnexC(informative):TheENtitleintheofficiallanguages.18History.19SIST EN 301 489-14 V1.1.1:2003
ETSIETSIEN301489-14V1.1.1(2002-05)4IntellectualPropertyRightsIPRsessentialorpotentiallyessentialtothepresentdocumentmayhavebeendeclaredtoETSI.TheinformationpertainingtotheseessentialIPRs,ifany,ispubliclyavailableforETSImembersandnon-members,andcanbefoundinETSISR000314:"IntellectualPropertyRights(IPRs);Essential,orpotentiallyEssential,IPRsnotifiedtoETSIinrespectofETSIstandards",whichisavailablefromtheETSISecretariat.LatestupdatesareavailableontheETSIWebserver(http://webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp).PursuanttotheETSIIPRPolicy,noinvestigation,includingIPRsearches,hasbeencarriedoutbyETSI.NoguaranteecanbegivenastotheexistenceofotherIPRsnotreferencedinETSISR000314(ortheupdatesontheETSIWebserver)whichare,ormaybe,ormaybecome,essentialtothepresentdocument.ForewordThisCandidateHarmonizedEuropeanStandard(Telecommunicationsseries)hasbeenproducedbyETSITechnicalCommitteeElectromagneticcompatibilityandRadiospectrumMatters(ERM).ThepresentdocumenthasbeenproducedbyETSIinresponsetoamandatefromtheEuropeanCommissionissuedunderCouncilDirective98/34/EC(asamended)layingdownaprocedurefortheprovisionofinformationinthefieldoftechnicalstandardsandregulations.Thepresentdocument,togetherwithEN301489-1[1],isintendedtobecomeaHarmonizedStandard,thereferenceofwhichwillbepublishedintheOfficialJournaloftheEuropeanCommunitiesreferencingtheCouncilDirectiveontheapproximationofthelawsoftheMemberStatesrelatingtoelectromagneticcompatibility("theEMCDirective")(89/336/EEC[2]asamended)andDirective1999/5/ECoftheEuropeanParliamentandoftheCouncilof9March1999onradioequipmentandtelecommunicationsterminalequipmentandthemutualrecognitionoftheirconformity("theR&TTEDirective"[3]).Thepresentdocumentispart14ofamulti-partdeliverablecoveringElectromagneticcompatibilityandRadiospectrumMatters(ERM);ElectroMagneticCompatibility(EMC)standardforradioequipmentandservices,asidentifiedbelow:Part1:"Commontechnicalrequirements";Part2:"Specificconditionsforradiopagingequipment";Part3:"SpecificconditionsforShort-RangeDevices(SRD)operatingonfrequenciesbetween9kHzand40GHz";Part4:"Specificconditionsforfixedradiolinksandancillaryequipmentandservices";Part5:"SpecificconditionsforPrivatelandMobileRadio(PMR)andancillaryequipment(speechandnon-speech)";Part6:"SpecificconditionsforDigitalEnhancedCordlessTelecommunications(DECT)equipment";Part7:"Specificconditionsformobileandportableradioandancillaryequipmentofdigitalcellularradiotelecommunicationssystems(GSMandDCS)";Part8:"SpecificconditionsforGSMbasestations";Part9:"Specificconditionsforwirelessmicrophones,similarRadioFrequency(RF)audiolinkequipment,cordlessaudioandin-earmonitoringdevices";Part10:"SpecificconditionsforFirst(CT1andCT1+)andSecondGenerationCordlessTelephone(CT2)equipment";Part11:"Specificconditionsforanalogueterrestrialsoundbroadcasting(AmplitudeModulation(AM)andFrequencyModulation(FM))servicetransmitters";Part12:"SpecificconditionsforVerySmallApertureTerminal,SatelliteInteractiveEarthStationsoperatedinthefrequencyrangesbetween4GHzand30GHzintheFixedSatelliteService(FSS)";SIST EN 301 489-14 V1.1.1:2003
ETSIETSIEN301489-14V1.1.1(2002-05)5Part13:"SpecificconditionsforCitizens'Band(CB)radioandancillaryequipment(speechandnon-speech)";Part14:"SpecificconditionsforanalogueanddigitalterrestrialTVbroadcastingservicetransmitters";Part15:"Specificconditionsforcommerciallyavailableamateurradioequipment";Part16:"Specificconditionsforanaloguecellularradiocommunicationsequipment,mobileandportable";Part17:"SpecificconditionsforWidebanddataandHIPERLANequipment";Part18:"SpecificconditionsforTerrestrialTrunkedRadio(TETRA)equipment";Part19:"SpecificconditionsforReceiveOnlyMobileEarthStations(ROMES)operatinginthe1,5GHzbandprovidingdatacommunications";Part20:"SpecificconditionsforMobileEarthStations(MES)usedintheMobileSatelliteServices(MSS)";Part22:"SpecificconditionsforgroundbasedVHFaeronauticalmobileandfixedradioequipment";Part23:"SpecificconditionsforIMT-2000CDMADirectSpread(UTRA)BaseStation(BS)radio,repeaterandancillaryequipment";Part24:"SpecificconditionsforIMT-2000CDMADirectSpread(UTRA)forMobileandportable(UE)radioandancillaryequipment";Part25:"SpecificconditionsforIMT-2000CDMAMulti-carrierMobileStationsandancillaryequipment";Part26:"SpecificconditionsforIMT-2000CDMAMulti-carrierBaseStationsandancillaryequipment".NationaltranspositiondatesDateofadoptionofthisEN:3May2002DateoflatestannouncementofthisEN(doa):31August2002DateoflatestpublicationofnewNationalStandardorendorsementofthisEN(dop/e):28February2003DateofwithdrawalofanyconflictingNationalStandard(dow):29February2004SIST EN 301 489-14 V1.1.1:2003
ETSIETSIEN301489-14V1.1.1(2002-05)61ScopeThepresentdocument,togetherwithEN301489-1[1],coverstheassessmentofanalogueanddigitaltransmitters,exciters,andanyassociatedancillaryequipmentdedicatedfortelevisionbroadcastingservices,inrespectofElectroMagneticCompatibility(EMC).Technicalspecificationsrelatedtotheantennaportemissionsandcabinetradiationarenotincludedinthepresentdocument.SuchtechnicalspecificationsarefoundintherelevantproductstandardsofETSIfortheeffectiveuseoftheradiospectrum.Thepresentdocumentspecifiestheapplicabletestconditions,performanceassessmentandperformancecriteriaforanalogueanddigitalterrestrialtelevisionbroadcastingtransmittersandtheirassociatedancillaryequipment.DefinitionsofthetypeofbroadcasttransmittersandexciterscoveredbythepresentdocumentaregiveninannexA.Incaseofdifferences(forinstanceconcerningspecialconditions,definitions,abbreviations)betweenthepresentdocumentandEN301489-1[1],theprovisionsofthepresentdocumenttakeprecedence.TheenvironmentalclassificationandtheemissionandimmunityrequirementsusedinthepresentdocumentareasstatedinEN301489-1[1],exceptforanyspecificconditionsincludedinthepresentdocument,underwhichbroadcastservicetransmittersaretypicallyused.Thepresentdocumentmaynotcoverthosecaseswhereapotentialsourceofinterferencewhichisproducingindividuallyrepeatedtransientphenomenaoracontinuousphenomenaispermanentlypresent,e.g.aradarsiteinthenearvicinity.Insuchacaseitmaybenecessarytousespecialprotectionappliedtoeitherthesourceofinterferenceortheinterferedpartorboth.2ReferencesThefollowingdocumentscontainprovisionswhich,throughreferenceinthistext,constituteprovisionsofthepresentdocument.• Referencesareeitherspecific(identifiedbydateofpublicationand/oreditionnumberorversionnumber)ornon-specific.• Foraspecificreference,subsequentrevisionsdonotapply.• Foranon-specificreference,thelatestversionapplies.[1]ETSIEN301489-1(V1.2.1):"ElectromagneticcompatibilityandRadiospectrumMatters(ERM);ElectroMagneticCompatibility(EMC)standardforradioequipmentandservices;Part1:Commontechnicalrequirements".[2]CouncilDirective89/336/EECof3May1989ontheapproximationofthelawsoftheMemberStatesrelatingtoelectromagneticcompatibility.[3]Directive1999/5/ECoftheEuropeanParliamentandoftheCouncilof9March1999onradioequipmentandtelecommunicationsterminalequipmentandthemutualrecognitionoftheirconformity.[4]ITU-RRecommendationBT.500-9:"Methodologyforthesubjectiveassessmentofthequalityoftelevisionpictures".[5]EN55011(1998):"Industrial,scientificandmedical(ISM)radio-frequencyequipment-Radiodisturbancecharacteristics-Limitsandmethodsofmeasurement".[6]ETSIEN300744(V1.4.1):"DigitalVideoBroadcasting(DVB);Framingstructure,channelcodingandmodulationfordigitalterrestrialtelevision".[7]EN61000-4-31996/A1:1998:"Electromagneticcompatibility(EMC)-Part4-3:Testingandmeasurementtechniques-Radiated,radio-frequency,electromagneticfieldimmunitytest".SIST EN 301 489-14 V1.1.1:2003
ETSIETSIEN301489-14V1.1.1(2002-05)73Definitionsandabbreviations3.1DefinitionsForthepurposesofthepresentdocument,thetermsanddefinitionsgiveninEN301489-1[1]andthefollowingapply:broadcastingservice:radiocommunicationserviceinwhichthetransmissionsareintendedfordirectreceptionbythegeneralpublicNOTE:Thisservicemayincludesoundtransmission,televisiontransmission,orothertypesoftransmission.transposer:Tx/Rx(transceiver),whichreceivesaninputsignaloff-air,andre-broadcaststhesamesignalonadifferentfrequencyactivedeflector:Tx/Rx(transceiver,repeater,gapfiller),whichreceivesaninputsignaloff-air,andre-broadcaststhesamesignalonthesamefrequencyRFpoweramplifier:Tx,whichcomprisesanamplifier,declaredbythemanufacturertobecapableofbeingconnectedtoaterrestrialbroadcastingantennasystemexciter:lowlevelRFpowerdriverstageofabroadcastingtransmitter3.2AbbreviationsForthepurposesofthepresentdocument,thefollowingabbreviationsapply:ACAlternatingCurrentAMAmplitudeModulationBERBitErrorRatioCISPRInternationalSpecialCommitteeonRadioInterference(inIEC)CTContinuousphenomenaappliedtoTransmittersDCDirectCurrentDQPSKDifferentialQuaternaryPhase-ShiftKeyingDVBDigitalVideoBroadcastingEMCElectroMagneticCompatibilityEUTEquipmentUnderTestFMFrequencyModulationIFIntermediateFrequencyIRTInstitutefürRundfunktechnikMERModulationErrorRatioMPEGMovingPictureExpertsGroupNICAMNear-InstantaneousCompandedAudioMultiplexQAMQuadratureAmplitudeModulationRFRadioFrequencyrmsrootmeansquareRxReceiverSNRSignaltoNoiseRatioT-DVBTerrestrialDigitalVideoBroadcastingTSTransportStreamTTTransientphenomenaappliedtoTransmittersTVTeleVisionTxTransmitterUHFUltra
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