SIST EN 1459-1:2018+A1:2020

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-julij-2020
Vozila za talni transport - Terenska vozila - Varnostne zahteve in preverjanje - 1.
del: Vozila z mehanizmom za dviganje s spremenljivim dosegom
Rough-terrain trucks - Safety requirements and verification - Part 1: Variable-reach
trucks
Geländegängige Stapler - Sicherheitstechnische Anforderungen und Verifizierung - Teil
1: Stapler mit veränderlicher Reichweite
Chariots tout-terrain - Prescriptions de sécurité et vérification - Partie 1 : Chariots à
portée variable
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 1459-1:2017+A1:2020
ICS:
53.060 Industrijski tovornjaki Industrial trucks
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EN 1459-1:2017+A1
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
February 2020
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 53.060 Supersedes EN 1459-1:2017
English Version
Rough-terrain trucks - Safety requirements and
verification - Part 1: Variable-reach trucks
Chariots tout-terrain - Prescriptions de sécurité et Geländegängige Stapler - Sicherheitstechnische
vérification - Partie 1 : Chariots à portée variable Anforderungen und Verifizierung - Teil 1: Stapler mit
veränderlicher Reichweite
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1 May 2017 and includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 25 November
2019.
This European Standard was corrected and reissued by the CEN-CENELEC Magagement Centre on 11 March 2020.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIO N

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUN G

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2020 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 1459-1:2017+A1:2020 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 4
Introduction . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references . 8
3 Terms and definitions . 11
4 Safety requirements and/or protective measures . 15
4.1 General . 15
4.2 !Starting/stopping of engine and moving machine" . 16
4.3 Brakes. 17
4.4 Electrical and electronic systems . 17
4.5 Controls . 20
4.6 Power systems and accessories . 24
4.7 Stabilizing devices . 26
4.8 Design requirements for maintenance purposes . 28
4.9 Systems for lifting, tilting and reaching . 29
4.10 Operator’s station . 31
4.11 Operator access. 36
4.12 Protective measures and devices . 37
4.13 Stability requirements . 38
4.14 Visibility. 39
4.15 Lighting . 39
4.16 Fire protection . 39
4.17 Retrieval, transportation and lifting . 39
4.18 Noise . 40
4.19 Electromagnetic compatibility . 40
5 Verification of requirements and safety measures . 41
5.1 General . 41
5.2 Functional verification . 41
5.3 Structural verification . 41
5.4 Load holding verification . 42
6 Information for use . 42
6.1 General . 42
6.2 Graphical symbols and warning . 43
6.3 Instruction handbook . 48
6.4 Marking . 52
6.5 Load chart . 52
Annex A (informative) List of significant hazards . 55
Annex B (informative) Consistency of motions . 61
Annex C (normative) Rules for the construction and layout of pedals . 62
C.1 Definitions . 62
C.2 Requirements . 62
C.3 Design and manufacture . 63
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the essential
requirements of Directive 2006/42/EC aimed to be covered . 65
Bibliography . 69

European foreword
This document (EN 1459-1:2017+A1:2020) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 150
“Industrial Trucks - Safety”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by August 2020 and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by February 2021.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes !EN 1459-1:2017".
This document includes Amendment 1, approved by CEN on 2019-11-25.
The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags !".
!Together with EN ISO 3691-2:2016 and prEN 16307-2:2017, EN 1459-1:2017 superseded
EN 1459:1998+A3:2012.
In comparison with the previous edition EN 1459:1998+A3:2012, the following significant changes
have been made:
— industrial variable-reach trucks have been removed from the scope and are dealt with in
EN ISO 3691-2 and EN 16307-2;
— annexes giving stability tests requirements have been removed; this standard refers to the
ISO 22915 series for stability tests;
— LPG-engine powered trucks have been removed from the scope;
— performance level requirements for safety functions have been added in a table;
— ergonomic requirements have been added;
— format and requirements have been influenced by the equivalent ISO standard in order to prepare
the global relevance.
The most significant changes introduced by Amendment 1 FprEN 1459-1:2019 leading to the new
version EN 1459-1:2017+A1:2020 of edition EN 1459-1:2017 are:
— different conditions for the test to determine if the truck can still be controlled in case of failure of
the hydraulic steering;
— incorporation in this standard of the relevant requirements applicable to electric circuits, instead of
referencing to EN 1175-2:1998+A1:2010;
— exclusion of some requirements of EN ISO 4413:2010, which were not relevant or applicable to
trucks;
— other minor changes, mainly editorial clarifications of existing requirements."
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).
For relationship with EU Directives, see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this
document.
EN 1459 consists of the following parts, under the general title Rough-terrain trucks — Safety
requirements and verification:
— Part 1: Variable-reach trucks
— Part 2: Slewing variable-reach trucks
— Part 3: Interface between the variable-reach truck and the work platform
— Part 4: Additional requirements for variable-reach trucks handling suspended loads (in preparation)
— Part 5: Additional requirements for attachments and attachment interface
— Part 6: Application of EN ISO 13849-1 to slewing and non-slewing variable-reach rough-terrain
trucks (Technical Report)
— Part 7: Test method and determination of noise emission (in preparation)
— Part 8: Variable-reach tractors (Technical Specification)
NOTE Part 7 will be developed in line with the development of the revision of the Outdoor noise directive.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the
United Kingdom.
Introduction
This European Standard covers general safety requirements and the means for verification of these
requirements for rough-terrain variable-reach trucks.
All quantities are in SI units, and this includes metric units.
Considering the technical improvements to the previous version of EN 1459, a transition period of
12 months is permitted after the date of publication, such that manufacturers can develop their
products sufficiently to meet the requirements of this European Standard.
This document is a type C standard as stated in EN ISO 12100.
This document is of relevance, in particular, for the following stakeholder groups representing the
market players with regard to machinery safety:
— machine manufacturers (small, medium and large enterprises);
— health and safety bodies (regulators, accident prevention organizations, market surveillance etc.)
Others can be affected by the level of machinery safety achieved with the means of the document by the
above-mentioned stakeholder groups:
— machine users/employers (small, medium and large enterprises);
— machine users/employees (e.g. trade unions, organizations for people with special needs);
— service providers, e.g. for maintenance (small, medium and large enterprises);
— consumers (in case of machinery intended for use by consumers).
The above-mentioned stakeholder groups have been given the possibility to participate at the drafting
process of this document.
The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events
are covered are indicated in the Scope of this document.
When provisions of this type C standard are different from those which are stated in type A or B
standards, the provisions of this type C standard take precedence over the provisions of the other
standards, for machines that have been designed and built according to the provisions of this type C
standard.
1 Scope
This European Standard specifies the safety requirements of self-propelled variable-reach rough-
terrain trucks (hereafter referred to as trucks), intended to handle loads, equipped with a telescopic
lifting means (pivoted boom), on which a load handling device (e.g. carriage and fork arms) is fitted.
For the purpose of this standard, rough-terrain variable-reach trucks are designed to transport, lift and
place loads and can be driven on unimproved terrain.
Fork arms are considered to be part of the truck. Trucks can also be equipped with a variety of
attachments (e.g. bale spikes, mowers, sweepers).
This European Standard deals with all the significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant
to the trucks when they are used as intended and under conditions of misuse which are reasonably
foreseeable by the manufacturer (see Annex A).
This European Standard does not apply to:
— slewing variable reach rough terrain trucks covered by EN 1459-2;
— industrial variable reach trucks covered by EN ISO 3691-2;
— lorry-mounted variable reach trucks;
— variable reach trucks fitted with tilting or elevating operator position;
— mobile cranes covered by EN 13000;
— machines designed primarily for earth moving, even if their buckets and blades are replaced with
forks (see EN 474 series);
— trucks designed primarily with variable length load suspension elements (e.g. chain, ropes) from
which the load may swing freely in all directions;
— trucks fitted with personnel work platforms, designed to move persons to elevated working
positions;
— trucks designed primarily for container handling;
— trucks on tracks;
— trucks with articulated chassis;
— !attachments".
This European Standard does not address hazards linked to:
— hybrid power systems;
— gas power system;
— gasoline engine system;
— battery power system;
— tractor specific devices (e.g. PTO).
This European Standard does not address hazards which may occur:
a) when handling suspended loads which may swing freely (additional requirements are given in
prEN 1459-4 (in preparation));
b) when using trucks on public roads;
c) when operating in potentially explosive atmospheres;
d) when operating underground;
e) when towing trailers;
f) when fitted with a personnel work platform (additional requirements are given in EN 1459-3);
g) when using cruise-control.
This European Standard does not provide a method of calculation for fatigue and strength of material.
This document is not applicable to trucks manufactured before the date of its publication.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
!deleted text"
prEN 1459-5:2017, Rough-terrain trucks - Safety requirements and verification - Part 5: Attachments and
attachment interface
EN 12053:2001+A1:2008, Safety of industrial trucks - Test methods for measuring noise emissions
EN 12895:2015, Industrial trucks - Electromagnetic compatibility
EN 13059:2002+A1:2008, Safety of industrial trucks - Test methods for measuring vibration
EN 13309:2010, Construction machinery - Electromagnetic compatibility of machines with internal power
supply
EN 15000:2008, Safety of industrial trucks - Self propelled variable reach trucks - Specification,
performance and test requirements for longitudinal load moment indicators and longitudinal load
moment limiters
EN 15830:2012, Rough-terrain variable reach trucks - Visibility - Test methods and verification
1)
EN 60529:1991, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code) (IEC 60529:1989)
EN 62061:2005, Safety of machinery - Functional safety of safety-related electrical, electronic and
programmable electronic control systems (IEC 62061:2005)

1) This European Standard is impacted by the amendments EN 60529:1991/A1:2000 and
EN 60529:1991/A2:2013.
EN ISO 2860:2008, Earth-moving machinery - Minimum access dimensions (ISO 2860:1992)
EN ISO 2867:2011, Earth-moving machinery - Access systems (ISO 2867:2011)
EN ISO 3449:2008, Earth-moving machinery - Falling-object protective structures - Laboratory tests and
performance requirements (ISO 3449:2005)
EN ISO 3457:2008, Earth-moving machinery - Guards - Definitions and requirements (ISO 3457:2003)
EN ISO 3471:2008, Earth-moving machinery - Roll-over protective structures - Laboratory tests and
performance requirements (ISO 3471:2008)
EN ISO 4413:2010, Hydraulic fluid power - General rules and safety requirements for systems and their
components (ISO 4413:2010)
EN ISO 5353:1998, Earth-moving machinery, and tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry -
Seat index point (ISO 5353:1995)
EN ISO 6682:2008, Earth-moving machinery - Zones of comfort and reach for controls (ISO 6682:1986,
including Amd 1:1989)
EN ISO 6683:2008, Earth-moving machinery - Seat belts and seat belt anchorages - Performance
requirements and tests (ISO 6683:2005)
EN ISO 7096:2008, Earth-moving machinery - Laboratory evaluation of operator seat vibration (ISO
7096:2000)
EN ISO 11688-1:2009, Acoustics - Recommended practice for the design of low-noise machinery and
equipment - Part 1: Planning (ISO/TR 11688-1:1995)
EN ISO 12100:2010, Safety of machinery - General principles for design - Risk assessment and risk
reduction (ISO 12100:2010)
EN ISO 13849-1:2015, Safety of machinery - Safety-related parts of control systems - Part 1: General
principles for design (ISO 13849-1:2015)
EN ISO 13850:2015, Safety of machinery - Emergency stop function - Principles for design (ISO
13850:2015)
EN ISO 13857:2008, Safety of machinery - Safety distances to prevent hazard zones being reached by
upper and lower limbs (ISO 13857:2008)
!ISO 2328:2011, Fork-lift trucks — Hook-on type fork arms and fork arm carriages — Mounting
dimensions"
ISO 2330:2002, Fork-lift trucks - Fork arms - Technical characteristics and testing
ISO 3795:1989, Road vehicles, and tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry - Determination of
burning behaviour of interior materials
ISO 5053-1:2015, Industrial trucks - Terminology and classification - Part 1: Types of industrial trucks
ISO 6011:2003, Earth-moving machinery - Visual display of machine operation
ISO 6016:2008, Earth-moving machinery - Methods of measuring the masses of whole machines, their
equipment and components
ISO 6292:2008, Powered industrial trucks and tractors - Brake performance and component strength
ISO 7000:2014, Graphical symbols for use on equipment - Registered symbols
ISO 9533:2010, Earth-moving machinery - Machine-mounted audible travel alarms and forward horns -
Test methods and performance criteria
ISO 10263-2:2009, Earth-moving machinery - Operator enclosure environment - Part 2: Air filter element
test method
ISO 10263-3:2009, Earth-moving machinery - Operator enclosure environment - Part 3: Pressurization
test method
ISO 10263-4:2009, Earth-moving machinery - Operator enclosure environment - Part 4: Heating,
ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) test method and performance
ISO 11112:1995+A1:2001, Earth-moving machinery - Operator’s seat - Dimensions and requirements
ISO 12508:1994, Earth-moving machinery - Operator station and maintenance areas - Bluntness of edges
ISO 12509:2004, Earth-moving machinery - Lighting, signalling and marking lights, and reflex-reflector
devices
!ISO 13284:2003, Fork-lift trucks — Fork-arm extensions and telescopic fork arms — Technical
characteristics and strength requirements"
ISO 13333:1994, Earth-moving machinery - Dumper body support and operator’s cab tilt support devices
ISO 15817:2012, Earth-moving machinery - Safety requirements for remote operator control systems
ISO 15818:2017, Earth-moving machinery - Lifting and tying-down attachment points - Performance
requirements
ISO 15870:2000, Powered industrial trucks - Safety signs and hazard pictorials - General principles
ISO 16528-1:2007, Boilers and pressure vessels - Part 1: Performance requirements
ISO 16528-2:2007, Boilers and pressure vessels - Part 2: Procedures for fulfilling the requirements of ISO
16528-1
ISO 21507:2010, Earth-moving machinery - Performance requirements for non-metallic fuel tanks
ISO 22915-10:2008, Industrial trucks - Verification of stability - Part 10: Additional stability test for trucks
operating in the special condition of stacking with load laterally displaced by powered devices
ISO 22915-14:2010, Industrial trucks - Verification of stability - Part 14: Rough-terrain variable-reach
trucks
ISO 22915-20:2008, Industrial trucks - Verification of stability - Part 20: Additional stability test for trucks
operating in the special condition of offset load, offset by utilization
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 12100:2010,
ISO 5053-1:2015 and the following apply.
3.1
rough-terrain variable-reach truck
variable-reach truck intended primarily for operation on unimproved natural terrain and on the
disturbed terrain of, for example, construction site
[SOURCE: ISO 5053-1:2015, 2.21]
3.2
variable-reach truck
lift truck fitted with one or more articulated arms, telescopic or not, non-slewing or having a slewing
movement of not more than 5° either side of the longitudinal axis of the truck used for stacking loads
[SOURCE: ISO 5053-1:2015, 2.20]
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1.

Figure 1 — Variable-reach truck
3.3
compact truck
truck having a maximum height in normal travel mode of 2 150 mm and:
— a maximum operating mass of 6 000 kg;
and/or
— a maximum width in normal travel mode of 1 850 mm
Note 1 to entry: These dimensions do not include equipment such as working lights, mirrors, etc.
3.4
actual capacity
Q
maximum load, established by the manufacturer based on components strength and truck stability, that
the truck can carry, lift and stack to a specified height, at a specified standard load centre distance and
reach, in normal operating conditions
Note 1 to entry: The actual capacity depends on the configuration of the truck in terms of such variables as:
— lift height;
— reach of the boom;
— standard load centre distance;
— load handling device (fork arms or attachment fitted);
— stabilizing devices.
Note 2 to entry: This actual capacity defines the load handling ability of the particular truck as equipped.
Additional actual capacity ratings with removable attachments may also be established where permitted by the
appropriate stability test or by calculation verified by empirical data.
3.5
rated capacity
Q1
maximum load permitted by the manufacturer at the standard load centre distance (D) that the truck is
capable of lifting and transporting on fork arms in normal conditions with the boom fully retracted
3.6
reach
d
distance between two vertical parallel planes, one plane tangent to the front of the outside diameter of
the front tyres, the other plane described by the vertical projection of the centre-of-gravity of the load
to the ground
Note 1 to entry: The centre-of-gravity of the load (G) is defined in Table 1.
Note 2 to entry: See Figure 2 for examples of reach.
Note 3 to entry: For practical matters, d can be measured referring to point g, being g the vertical projection of
the centre-of-gravity (G) of the load onto the plane of the top surface of the fork arms.
Key
d reach
D standard load centre distance
G centre of gravity of the load
g the vertical projection of the centre-of-gravity (G) of the load onto the plane of the top surface of the fork
arms
H height of the load
Q actual capacity
Q1 rated capacity
Q2 actual capacity at maximum height or elevation
Q3 actual capacity at maximum reach
Figure 2 — Parameters for the designation of the actual capacity of the truck with fork
3.7
lift height
H
vertical distance between the upper face of the fork arms and the ground
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 2.
3.8
standard load centre distance
D
distance from the centre of gravity (G) of the load measured horizontally back to the front of the fork
shanks and vertically down to the upper faces of the fork arms, as specified in Table 1
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 2, for example.
Note 2 to entry: Typical standard load centre distances are given in Table 1. Trucks may be rated for special
applications with load centres related to those applications which may be different from those listed in Table 1.
Table 1 — Typical standard load centre distance
Rated capacity Q in kg Standard load centre distance D in mm
400 500 600 900 1 200
0 < 1 000 X
≥ 1 000 < 5 000  X
≥ 5 000 ≤ 10 000   X
> 10 000 < 20 000   X X X
≥ 20 000 < 25 000    X X
≥ 25 000     X
3.9
axle oscillation lock
mechanism designed to prevent oscillation of an axle to improve truck stability
3.10
stabilising devices
extendable and/or pivoting mechanical supports used to improve stability of a truck when stationary
3.11
lateral levelling
changing the lateral inclination angle between the chassis and the ground to ensure the boom operates
in a vertical plane even when the truck is positioned on a side slope
3.12
forks
device comprising two or more solid fork arms, each consisting of a shank (vertical portion) and blade,
which is hook- or shaft-mounted, fitted on the carriage and usually adjusted manually
3.13
boom
pivoting support member that permits horizontal and vertical positioning of the load or attachment
3.14
crab steering mode
steering mode where all wheels of the truck steer in the same direction
3.15
normal operating position
position specified by the manufacturer in which the operator is able to control the truck operations,
including load handling functions
Note 1 to entry: Other positions may be necessary if it is not possible to control all the functions of the truck
from a single position.
[SOURCE: ISO 10896-1:2012, 3.16]
3.16
attachment bracket
device fitted at the end of the boom to mount interchangeable attachments to facilitate quick
interchange of attachment
3.17
boom float
operating mode that uses gravity to allow an attachment at the end of the boom to follow a contour (e.g.
the ground)
3.18
maximum working pressure
maximum pressure in the hydraulic circuit during normal operation
Note 1 to entry: This definition is derived from ISO 10972-3:2003, 3.2.
3.19
level ground
ground with a gradient of (0 ± 2) %
3.20
operating mass
mass of the truck equipped with forks, unladen, and with the operator (75 kg), full fuel tank and all fluid
systems (i.e. hydraulic oil, transmission oil, engine oil, engine coolant) at the levels specified by the
manufacturer
!3.21
technically permissible maximum operating mass
operating mass without the forks and including the heaviest permitted attachment without load"
4 Safety requirements and/or protective measures
4.1 General
4.1.1 Introduction
Trucks shall comply with the safety requirements and/or protective measures of this clause. In
addition, the truck shall be designed according to the principles of EN ISO 12100 for relevant but not
significant hazards, which are not dealt with by this standard.
4.1.2 Sharp edges and acute angles
Sharp edges and acute angles shall meet the requirements specified in ISO 12508 in areas to which the
operator can be exposed during operation, access, egress and maintenance.
Verification by measurement and/or design check.
4.1.3 Stored energy components
Components that store energy and can cause a risk of injury during removal or disassembly, e.g.
hydraulic accumulators and spring-applied brakes, shall be provided with a means to release the energy
before removal or disassembly and shall be marked according to 6.2.8.
Verification by test and visual examination.
4.2 !Starting/stopping of engine and moving machine"
4.2.1 Unauthorized starting
Trucks shall be designed in a way that they cannot be started without a key, a code, a magnetic card or
other equivalent device.
Verification by design check.
4.2.2 Stopping system
!The normal stop control device shall be clearly identifiable, and clearly visible. If it's not a key it
shall be identified using symbol 1388 of ISO 7000:2014.
Verification by design check."
4.2.3 Unintended movement
Trucks shall be fitted with a device that prevents the engine being started while the drive-system is
engaged. When the drive system direction control is in neutral, provisions shall be made to locate and
maintain it in its neutral position. This device shall comply with Table 2.
NOTE CEN/TR 1459–6 describes the methodology followed to determine the values of PLr listed in Table 2.
Verification by functional test.
4.2.4 Uncontrolled motion
Means shall be provided to prevent the truck from moving from rest on level ground until the drive
system has been engaged. These means shall comply with Table 2.
Verification by functional test.
4.2.5 Powered travel movement
Means shall be provided to prevent powered travel when the operator is not at the normal operator’s
position. Powered travel shall not occur automatically when the operator returns to the normal
operator’s position without an additional operation, e.g. by requiring resetting the direction control.
Application of the parking brake shall engage transmission in neutral, except on trucks with hydro-
static transmission.
The release of parking brake shall not engage the transmission automatically.
NOTE On trucks with hydro-static transmission, the transmission system achieves the same objective.
Verification by functional test.
Means to fulfil these requirements shall comply with Table 2.
On starting a reverse movement, an audible alarm complying with the requirements of ISO 9533 shall
be given for at least 1 s.
Verification by measurement.
4.2.6 Non-activation of the parking brake
!A clear warning (audible and/or visual) shall be activated when the operator is not at the normal
operating position and the parking brake has not been applied. Means to fulfil this requirement shall
comply with Table 2.
Verification by functional test."
4.3 Brakes
4.3.1 General
!Trucks shall be equipped with service brake(s) and parking brake system(s), complying with
ISO 6292:2008. The stopping distance test in ISO 6292:2008, 6.2.1 shall be carried out only with the
truck in the configuration giving the technically permissible maximum operating mass.
Verification by design-check and test.
NOTE In addition, national road regulations apply when trucks are used on roads."
Where electromechanical parking brake system is fitted, the braking device shall be applied
mechanically and released electrically.
Verification by design-check.
Where hydro-mechanical parking brake is fitted, the braking device shall be applied mechanically and
released hydraulically. When the operator manually releases the parking brake from the normal
operating position, it shall not disable the service brakes.
Verification by design-check.
4.3.2 Failure of energy supply
Failure of the energy supply to a brake system shall not result in a total loss of braking. The systems
shall be able to bring the truck to a controlled stop and to hold the truck in a parking position.
Verification by design-check (calculation).
4.3.3 !Holding performance
The service brake shall be capable of holding the laden truck motionless on the maximum slope
permitted by the manufacturer.
Verification by design test."
4.4 Electrical and electronic systems
4.4.1 !General
The truck shall comply with the following requirements.
4.4.1.1 Insulation
Any live parts of the battery not connected to the frame shall be insulated.
4.4.1.2 Disconnection
The truck shall be so designed and constructed that the battery can be electrically disconnected with
the aid of an easily accessible device e.g. a switch or connector. Disconnectable battery terminals satisfy
this requirement providing the terminals are accessible without the use of a key or tool.
4.4.1.3 Protection of circuits
Control and auxiliary circuits shall be fuse protected against short circuit conditions and dangerous
excess current. Several auxiliary circuits in parallel, with combined rated current not exceeding 12 A,
may be protected by a single device. Certain circuits may remain connected after batteries
disconnection. In this case, specific maintenance instructions shall be provided.
4.4.1.4 Protection of wiring, conductors and electrical components
All conductors not connected to the truck frame shall be either effectively insulated and where
necessary protected against thermal and mechanical damage or shall be so placed and safeguarded as to
avoid danger when the truck is in its normal operating condition.
4.4.1.5 Cross-sectional area
The cross-sectional area of wiring, circuitry and connectors shall be so selected that during operation of
the truck the temperature does not exceed the temperature rating of insulation used.
4.4.1.6 Specification
Copper conductors external to enclosures (excluding short connections between electric or electronic
components and wires that are an integral part of a proprietary component) shall be:
a) flexible;
b) of cross-sectional area not less than:
1) for control wiring: 0,5 mm ;
2) for signal wiring: 0,3 mm ;
3) for data communication wiring and for conductors of adequately supported copper multicore
cables and wiring harnesses: 0,08 mm ;
c) of cross-sectional area not less than 1,0 mm for single wires not incorporated into a harness or
extending from the harness more than 250 mm.
Conductors of other materials shall be selected and sized to give equivalent performance.
4.4.1.7 Protection of wiring and electrical components against fuel leakage
Wiring and electrical components shall be designed, placed or protected to minimize hazards arising
from leakage from the fuel system, such as contamination and fire.
4.4.1.8 Mechanical protection
Where wiring passes through metal parts of the frame or enclosures, the holes shall be fitted with
insulating bushes/grommets or the wiring protected by some other equivalent means.
4.4.1.9 Wiring that flexes
Wiring that flexes during normal operation of the truck functions shall be relieved of mechanical strain
at their electrical termination.
Verification of requirements specified in 4.4.1 shall be made by design-check."
4.4.2 Safety related parts of control systems
Safety related parts of control systems shall comply with PLr (see EN ISO 13849-1) or SIL (see
EN 62061) according to Table 2.
Verification by design-check.
NOTE The complete risk assessment of safety related parts of control systems for trucks is in CEN/TR 1459–
6.
4.4.3 Degree of protection
Depending on the location/installation of electrical and electronic components, the following degrees of
protection are required:
a) !all components installed exterior to the truck or directly exposed to the environment shall have
a minimum degree of protection that corresponds to IP 54 (according to EN 60529:1991);"
b) all components installed in the operator's enclosed cab or protected against the environment shall
have a minimum degree of protection that corresponds to IP 43 (according to EN 60529:1991).
Verification by design-check.
4.4.4 !Identification of wiring
Wires, cables, terminals, etc. shall be identified by codings in accordance with the electrical diagram
included in the service instructions.
Verification by visual examination and design-check.
This requirement does not apply to electrical circuits of anti-theft systems, when fitted."
4.4.5 !Protection against electric shock
Exposed high tension ignition terminals on trucks shall be protected against direct contact by barriers
or insulated caps.
Verification by design-check."
4.4.6 !Batteries
Batteries shall be restrained to prevent displacement which may give rise to danger. Batteries shall be
positioned in a ventilated location that provides access for maintenance.
Verification by visual examination.
Batteries and/or battery locations shall be designed and built or covered to minimize any hazard to the
operator caused by battery acid or acid vapours in the event of overturning the truck.
Verification by design-check.
For marking, see 6.2.10."
!deleted text"
4.5 Controls
4.5.1 General
4.5.1.1 General
a) The controls (hand levers, joysticks, pedals, switches, etc.) and indicators of the truck and
attachment, shall be designed, constructed and so arranged to be accessed from the normal
operating position in accordance with EN ISO 6682.
Verification by design-check.
b) The controls (hand levers, joysticks, pedals, switches, etc.) and indicators of the truck and
attachment, shall be clearly identified, except where obvious (e.g. accelerator pedal), indelible and
visible in the normal operating position; if appropriate, graphical symbols in accordance with
ISO 7000 shall be used and shall be explained in the information for use (see 6.3). Each symbol shall
be affixed on or in close proximity to the control or indicator to which it applies.
Verification by visual examination.
c) Indicators and movement of the control device shall correspond to the intended effect or common
practice whenever possible.
Verification by test.
NOTE 1 Annex B and ergonomic principals of EN 894–1 give guidance.
d) Pedal operated travel and braking controls shall comply with Annex C.
e) Safety-related parts of control system shall comply with Table 2.
f) Means shall be provided to prevent any possibility of actuating controls of powered movement if
the operator is not at an operating position (e.g. protection by door, guard or by locking systems).
g) remote operator controlled systems (for boom and carriage motion only) fitted to trucks shall
comply with the relevant requirements of ISO 15817:2012 with exception to subclause 4.7 remote
control system EMC testing (see 4.19 of the present standard).
Verification by design-check.
4.5.1.2 Multiple operator’s positions
!Only if more than one operator’s position is fitted, an emergency stop at each operating position
shall be fitted. In case of remote control, compliance with 4.5.1.1 g) is considered to fulfill the
requirement.
Verification by visual examination and design-check.
The use of the controls at one operator’s position shall preclude the use of the controls at other
o
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