SIST EN 61338-1-4:2006
(Main)Waveguide type dielectric resonators -- Part 1-4: General information and test conditions - Measurement method of complex relative permittivity for dielectric resonator materials at millimetre-wave frequency
Waveguide type dielectric resonators -- Part 1-4: General information and test conditions - Measurement method of complex relative permittivity for dielectric resonator materials at millimetre-wave frequency
This part of IEC 61338 describes the measurement method of dielectric properties for dielectric resonator materials at millimetrewave frequency. This standard consists of two measurement methods: a) the dielectric rod resonator method excited by NRDguide (NonRadiative Dielectric waveguide) and b) the cutoff waveguide method excited by coaxial cables with small loops.
Dielektrische Resonatoren vom Wellenleitertyp -- Teil 1-4: Allgemeine Informationen und Prüfbedingungen - Messverfahren für die komplexe relative Dielektrizitätskonstante von dielektrischen Resonatorwerkstoffen im Mikrowellen-Frequenzbereich
Résonateurs diélectriques à modes guidés -- Partie 1-4: Informations générales et conditions d'essais - Méthode de mesure de la permittivité relative complexe des matériaux des résonateurs diélectriques fonctionnant à des fréquences millimétriques
IEC 61338-1-4:2005-11(en-fr) décrit la méthode de mesure des propriétés diélectriques des matériaux des résonateurs diélectriques fonctionnant à des fréquences millimétriques. La présente norme aborde deux méthodes de mesure:
a) la méthode du résonateur diélectrique en barreau excité par un guide NRD (guide d'ondes diélectrique non radiatif) et
b) la méthode de guide d'ondes de coupure excité par des câbles coaxiaux présentant de petites boucles.
Valovodni tip dielektričnih resonatorjev – 1-4. del: Splošni podatki in pogoji preskušanja – Metode za meritve kompleksne relativne permitivnosti dielektričnih resonatorskih materialov pri frekvencah z milimetrsko valovno dolžino (IEC 61338-1-4:2005)
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI SIST EN 61338-1-4:2006
STANDARD
julij 2006
Valovodni tip dielektričnih resonatorjev – 1-4. del: Splošni podatki in pogoji
preskušanja – Metode za meritve kompleksne relativne permitivnosti
dielektričnih resonatorskih materialov pri frekvencah z milimetrsko valovno
dolžino (IEC 61338-1-4:2005)
Waveguide type dielectric resonators - Part 1-4: General information and test
conditions – Measurement method of complex relative permittivity for dielectric
resonator materials at millimetre-wave frequency (IEC 61338-1-4:2005)
ICS 31.140; 33.120.10 Referenčna številka
SIST EN 61338-1-4:2006(en)
© Standard je založil in izdal Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje ali kopiranje celote ali delov tega dokumenta ni dovoljeno
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 61338-1-4
NORME EUROPÉENNE
February 2006
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 31.140
English version
Waveguide type dielectric resonators
Part 1-4: General information and test conditions -
Measurement method of complex relative permittivity
for dielectric resonator materials at millimetre-wave frequency
(IEC 61338-1-4:2005)
Résonateurs diélectriques Dielektrische Resonatoren
à modes guidés vom Wellenleitertyp
Partie 1-4: Informations générales Teil 1-4: Allgemeine Informationen
et conditions d'essais - und Prüfbedingungen -
Méthode de mesure de la permittivité Messverfahren für die komplexe relative
relative complexe des matériaux Dielektrizitätskonstante von dielektrischen
des résonateurs diélectriques fonctionnant Resonatorwerkstoffen im Mikrowellen-
à des fréquences millimétriques Frequenzbereich
(CEI 61338-1-4:2005) (IEC 61338-1-4:2005)
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2005-12-01. CENELEC members are bound to comply
with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard
the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on
application to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified
to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland
and United Kingdom.
CENELEC
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 35, B - 1050 Brussels
© 2006 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members.
Ref. No. EN 61338-1-4:2006 E
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
EN 61338-1-4:2006 - 2 -
Foreword
The text of document 49/748/FDIS, future edition 1 of IEC 61338-1-4, prepared by IEC TC 49,
Piezoelectric and dielectric devices for frequency control and selection, was submitted to the
IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and was approved by CENELEC as EN 61338-1-4 on 2005-12-01.
The following dates were fixed:
– latest date by which the EN has to be implemented
at national level by publication of an identical
national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2006-09-01
– latest date by which the national standards conflicting
with the EN have to be withdrawn (dow) 2008-12-01
This European Standard makes reference to International Standards. Where the International Standard
referred to has been endorsed as a European Standard or a home-grown European Standard exists, this
European Standard shall be applied instead. Pertinent information can be found on the CENELEC web
site.
__________
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 61338-1-4:2005 was approved by CENELEC as a European
Standard without any modification.
__________
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
INTERNATIONAL IEC
STANDARD 61338-1-4
First edition
2005-11
Waveguide type dielectric resonators –
Part 1-4:
General information and test conditions –
Measurement method of complex relative
permittivity for dielectric resonator materials
at millimetre-wave frequency
IEC 2005 Copyright - all rights reserved
No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or
mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher.
International Electrotechnical Commission, 3, rue de Varembé, PO Box 131, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland
Telephone: +41 22 919 02 11 Telefax: +41 22 919 03 00 E-mail: inmail@iec.ch Web: www.iec.ch
PRICE CODE
Commission Electrotechnique Internationale V
International Electrotechnical Commission
МеждународнаяЭлектротехническаяКомиссия
For price, see current catalogue
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
– 2 – 6133814 ¤ IEC:2005(E)
CONTENTS
FOREWORD.4
1 Scope and object.6
2 Normative references.6
3 Measurement parameter.7
4 Dielectric rod resonator method excited by NRDguide.8
4.1 Measurement equipment and apparatus.8
4.2 Theory and calculation equations.11
4.3 Measurement procedure.16
4.4 Example of measurement result.19
5 Cutoff waveguide method excited by coaxial cables with small loops.21
5.1 Measurement equipment and apparatus.21
5.2 Theory and calculation equations.23
5.3 Measurement procedure.28
Annex A (informative) Errors on H caused by air gap between dielectric specimen
r
and upper conducting plate .30
Annex B (informative) Derivation of equation (15) for V .31
r
Bibliography.33
Figure 1 – Schematic diagram of measurement equipment .8
Figure 2 – Measurement apparatus of dielectric rod resonator method excited by
NRDguide.9
Figure 3 – Waveguide transducer from NRDguide to waveguide.11
Figure 4 – Configuration of a cylindrical dielectric rod resonator shortcircuited at both
ends by two parallel conducting plates.12
2 2
Figure 5 –Calculations of u and W as a function of v for TE , TE and TE
011 021 031
resonance modes.13
Figure 6 –Configuration of reference dielectric resonator for measurement of V of
r
conducting plates.15
Figure 7 – Diameter d of TE , TE and TE mode resonators with resonance
011 021 031
frequency of 60 GHz.18
Figure 8 – Diameter d of TE , TE and TE mode resonators with resonance
011 021 031
frequency of 77 GHz.19
Figure 9 – Example of TE mode resonant peak .20
021
Figure 10 – Measurement result of temperature dependence of f and of sapphire.21
H'
0
Figure 11 – Measurement apparatus for cutoff waveguide method.22
Figure 12 – Frequency response for the empty cavity with dimensions of d = 7 mm and
h = 31 mm.24
Figure 13 – Correction term 'H/H .26
a
Figure 14 – Correction terms and .27
'A/ A 'B/ B
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
6133814 ¤ IEC:2005(E) – 3 –
Figure 15 – Measurement apparatus for temperature coefficient of relative permittivity.28
Figure 16 – Mode chart of TE and TE modes for an empty cavity.29
011 013
Figure A.1 – Error on caused by air gap between dielectric specimen and upper
H'
conducting plates.30
Table 1 – Diameter of conducting plate.10
Table 2 – Dimension of dielectric strip of NRDguide.10
Table 3 – Dimensions of waveguide transducer.10
Table 4 – Dimensions of reference sapphire resonators and their partial electric energy
filling factor P and geometric factor G.15
e
Table 5 – Diameter d of test specimens for 60 and 77 GHz measurement. Height h is
fixed to 2,25 mm and 1,80 mm for 60 GHz and 77 GHz measurement, respectively.17
Table 6 – Measurement results of V of conducting plates.20
r
Table 7 – Measurement results of H' and tan G of sapphire and PTFE specimen.20
Table 8 – Recommended dimensions for conducting cylinder.23
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
– 4 – 6133814 ¤ IEC:2005(E)
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
WAVEGUIDE TYPE DIELECTRIC RESONATORS –
Part 14: General information and test conditions –
Measurement method of complex relative permittivity for
dielectric resonator materials at millimetrewave frequency
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international cooperation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any
equipment declared to be in conformity with an IEC Publication.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 6133814 has been prepared by IEC Technical committee 49:
Piezoelectric and dielectric devices for frequency control and selection.
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
49/748/FDIS 49/751/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
6133814 ¤ IEC:2005(E) – 5 –
IEC 61338 consists of the following parts, under the general title Waveguide type dielectric
resonators:
Part 1: Generic specification
Part 13: General information and test conditions Measurement method of complex
relative permittivity for dielectric resonator materials at microwave frequency
Part 14: General information and test conditions Measurement method of complex
relative permittivity for dielectric resonator materials at millimetrewave frequency
Part 2: Guidelines for oscillator and filter applications
Part 4: Sectional specification
Part 41: Blank detail specification
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
the maintenance result date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in
the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
reconfirmed,
withdrawn,
replaced by a revised edition, or
amended.
A bilingual version of this publication may be issued at a later date.
---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
– 6 – 6133814 ¤ IEC:2005(E)
WAVEGUIDE TYPE DIELECTRIC RESONATORS –
Part 14: General information and test conditions –
Measurement method of complex relative permittivity for
dielectric resonator materials at millimetrewave frequency
1 Scope and object
This part of IEC 61338 describes the measurement method of dielectric properties for
dielectric resonator materials at millimetrewave frequency.
This standard consists of two measurement methods: a) the dielectric rod resonator method
excited by NRDguide (NonRadiative Dielectric waveguide) and b) the cutoff waveguide
method excited by coaxial cables with small loops.
a) The dielectric rod resonator method excited by NRDguide is similar to the dielectric rod
resonator method given in IEC 6133813. This method has the following characteristics:
– a complete and exact mathematical solution of complex permittivity is given by
computer software;
–4
– the measurement error is less than 0,3 % forHc and less than 0,05 u10 for tan G;
– the applicable measuring ranges of complex permittivity for this method are as follows:
frequency: 30 GHz < f < 100 GHz;
relative permittivity: 2 < Hc < 30;
–6 –2
loss factor: 10 < tan G < 10 .
b) The cutoff waveguide method excited by coaxial cables with small loops uses a dielectric
plate sample placed in a circular cylinder of the TE mode. This method has the
011
following characteristics:
– fringe effect is corrected using the correction charts on the basis of rigorous analysis;
–4
– the measurement error is less than 0,5 % for and less than 0,05u10 for tan G;
H'
– theTCF is measured with high accuracy;
– the applicable measuring ranges of dielectric properties for this method are as follows:
frequency: 30 GHz < f < 100 GHz;
relative permittivity: 2 < Hc < 30;
–6 –2
loss factor: 10 < tan G < 10 .
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document.
For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition
of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
IEC 6133813, Waveguide type dielectric resonators Part 13: General information and test
conditions Measurement method of complex relative permittivity for dielectric resonator
materials at microwave frequency
---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------
6133814 ¤ IEC:2005(E) – 7 –
3 Measurement parameter
The measuring parameters are defined as follows:
H H' jH" D/(H E) (1)
r 0
tan (2)
G H"/H'
1 H H
T ref 6
–6
TCH = u10
(1×10 /K) (3)
T
H T
ref ref
f f
1
T ref 6
–6
TCF = u10 (1×10 /K) (4)
T
f
T
ref
ref
where
D is the electric flux density;
E is the electric field strength;
H is the permittivity in a vacuum;
0
H is the complex relative permittivity;
r
H' and H" are the real and imaginary components of the complex relative permittivity H ;
r
TCH is the temperature coefficient of relative permittivity, and TCF being the
temperature coefficient of resonance frequency;
H and are the real parts of the complex relative permittivity at temperature T and
H
T ref
reference temperature T ( T = 20 °C to 25 °C), respectively;
ref ref
f and f are the resonance frequency at temperature T and T , respectively.
T ref ref
The TCF is related to TCH by the following equation:
1
TCF TCH D (5)
2
where D is the coefficient of thermal expansion of the dielectric specimen.
It should be noted that this equation is satisfied when the 100 % of electromagnetic energy in
the measuring resonance mode is concentrated inside the dielectric specimen. In the actual
í6
case, TCF deviates by several 10 /K from the calculated value, because some portion of
electromagnetic energy is stored outside the dielectric specimen.
---------------------- Page: 10 ----------------------
– 8 – 6133814 ¤ IEC:2005(E)
4 Dielectric rod resonator method excited by NRDguide
4.1 Measurement equipment and apparatus
The measurement equipment and apparatus are as follows:
a) Measurement equipment
Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of the equipment required for millimetre wave
measurement. For the measurement of dielectric properties, only the information on the
amplitude of transmitted power is needed, that is, the information on the phase of the
transmitted power is not required. A scalar network analyzer can be used for the
measurement, but a vector network analyzer has an advantage in precision of the
measurement data.
Scalar
network
Sweeper
analyzer
Isolator Detector
Measurement
Directional
× N Doubler Isolator Isolator Detector
apparatus
coupler
Reference line
IEC 2002/05
Figure 1a Scalar network analyzer
Vector
network
analyzer
S–paramater S–paramater
Measurement
millimeter wave millimeter wave
apparatus
module module
Reference line
IEC 2003/05
Figure 1b Vector network analyzer
Figure 1 – Schematic diagram of measurement equipment
---------------------- Page: 11 ----------------------
6133814 ¤ IEC:2005(E) – 9 –
b) Measurement apparatus
Figure 2a shows a configuration of measuring apparatus of dielectric rod resonator method
excited by NRDguide. Figure 2b shows a crosssectional view of the apparatus for measuring
H' and tan G of a dielectric specimen with height h and d. The dielectric specimen is placed at
the centre of the apparatus between two parallel conducting plates, and coupled to input and
output NRDguides. There remains a small air gap between the dielectric specimen and
'h
the upper conducting plate. For < 50 Pm, the air gap can be neglected for the calculation
'h
of H' (see Annex A).
Upper conducting plate
Waveguide
transducer
Conductor
for NRD–guide
Spacer
IEC 2004/05
Figure 2a – Configuration of apparatus
Dimensions in millimetres
24 mm 80 mm 24 mm
14 mm
w
s
Spacer d '
Upper conducting plate
Dielectric strip
Waveguide
for NRD–guide
transducer
h = h+'h
c
Conductor
Lower conducting plate
for NRD–guide
Specimen
IEC 2005/05
Figure 2b – Apparatus for and tan G measurement
H'
Upper conducting plate
h
IEC 2006/05
Figure 2c – Apparatus for TCF and TCH measurement
Figure 2 – Measurement apparatus of dielectric rod resonator method
excited by NRDguide
---------------------- Page: 12 ----------------------
– 10 – 6133814 ¤ IEC:2005(E)
Figure 2c shows an apparatus for measuring the temperature coefficient of resonance
frequency TCF or that of relative permittivity TCH . For this measurement, the upper
conducting plate should be contacted to the dielectric specimen. ҏThe height h of dielectric
S
strip for NRDguide is designed to be smaller than height h of the dielectric specimen. The
upper conducting plate is set gently to touch the top face of the specimen, so that an
excessive pressure does not damage the surface of conducting plate.
As shown in Table 1, a diameter of the conducting plates in Figure 2b is determined by the
diameter of dielectric specimen. In this measurement method, the and tan G are calculated
H'
under the condition that the conducting plates have an infinitely large diameter. As actual
conducting plates have a finite diameter, a part of electromagnetic energy leaks outward the
conducting plates. Although this leaky energy shifts the resonance frequency and decreases
the unloaded Q, its contribution is negligibly small under the condition of d ’/d > 5.
Table 2 shows the example of dimensions for dielectric strips of NRDguide in Figure 2b.
Dielectric strips of the NRDguide are made of PTFE or crosslinked styrene copolymer.
Figure 3 shows a waveguide transducer that connects the measuring apparatus to the
measurement equipment with WR15 or WR10 waveguides. Table 3 shows the dimensions of
the waveguide transducers. As shown in Figure 2b, the end of the dielectric strip of the NRD
guide is sharpened in the transducer.
Table 1 – Diameter of conducting plate
Diameter d ’
d ’ = 5dᨺ10d
d : diameter of dielectric specimen
Material of conducting plate Copper or silver is recommended
Table 2 – Dimension of dielectric strip of NRDguide
Material Measurement Height h Width w
s s
frequency range
mm mm
GHz
PTFE 55 to 65 2,25 2,50
75 to 80 1,80 1,90
İ'
᧤ = 2,0᧥
Crosslinked styrene 55 to 65 2,25 2,00
75 to 80 1,80 1,60
İ'
Copolymer ( = 2,5)
Table 3 – Dimensions of waveguide transducer
Waveguide Frequency range h w h
wg wg s
GHz mm mm mm
WR15 55 to 65 3,80 1,90 2,25
WR10 75 to 80 2,54 1,27 1,80
---------------------- Page: 13 ----------------------
6133814 ¤ IEC:2005(E) – 11 –
Flange
Waveguide
W
wg 12,0 mm
12,0 mm 12,0 mm
W
wg
12,0 mm
h
h
wg s
IEC 2007/05
Figure 3 – Waveguide transducer from NRDguide to waveguide
4.2 Theory and calculation equations
4.2.1 Measurement of relative permittivity and loss factor
Figure 4 shows a configuration of the TE mode resonator. The cylindrical dielectric
0m1
specimen is shortcircuited at both ends by the two parallel conducting plates. The values
H'
and tanG of the dielectric resonator are calculated from the resonance frequency f and
0
unloaded quality factor Q measured for the TE resonance mode. It is recommended to
u 0m1
use the TE , TE and TE resonance modes for the materials with H' = 2 to 4, 4 to 20
011 021 031
and 20 to 30, respectively.
The resonance wavelength O in free space and the guiding wavelength O in the dielectric
g
0
transmission line are given by the following equations:
c
O , O 2h (6)
0 g
f
0
8
where c is the velocity of light in a vacuum (c = 2,997 9 u 10 m/s).
As described in 4.1b), the air gap can be neglected for the calculation of and tan G in
'h H'
the case of 'h< 50 Pm. So, the height h is used in equation (6).
---------------------- Page: 14 ----------------------
– 12 – 6133814 ¤ IEC:2005(E)
d'
d
Z
h
Conducting
H
r
plates
0
Y
Dielectric rod
X
IEC 2008/05
Figure 4 – Configuration of a cylindrical dielectric rod resonator shortcircuited
at both ends by two parallel conducting plates
2
The value v is calculated from O and O :
g
0
2
2ª º
§ ·
§ · O
Sd
2 0
« »
¨ ¸
¨ ¸
v = 1 (7)
¨ ¸
¨ ¸
« »
O
O
© 0 ¹ g
© ¹
« »
¬ ¼
2 2
Using the value v , the value u is calculated:
J (u) K (v)
0 0
u =v (8)
J (u) K (v)
1 1
where J (u) is the Bessel function of the first kind and K (v) is the modified Bessel function
n n
of the second kind. For any value of v, the mth solution u exists between u and u ,
0m 1m
where J (u ) = 0 and J (u ) = 0. The first, second and third solution of m = 1, 2 and 3 are
0 0m 1 1m
shown in Figure 5.
---------------------- Page: 15 ----------------------
6133814 ¤ IEC:2005(E) – 13 –
82 1,2
TE
031
81
1,0
80
2
u
0,8
79
78 0,6
77
0,4
W
76
0,2
75
74 0,0
37 1,2
TE
021
36
1,0
2
35
u
0,8
34
0,6
33
0,4
32
W
0,2
31
30 0,0
11 1,2
TE
011
10 1,0
2
u
9 0,8
8 0,6
7 0,4
W
6 0,2
5 0,0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
2
v
IEC 2009/05
2 2
Figure 5 –Calculations of u and W as a function of v
for TE , TE and TE resonance modes
011 021 031
2 2
The relative permittivity is calculated by the following equation using the values v and u :
H'
2
O
§ ·
0 2 2
H' u v 1 (9)
¨ ¸
Sd
© ¹
By using the measured unloaded Q, Q , the loss factor tan G is calculated:
u
c
A A B
tanG = BR = (10)
S
Q Q
V
u u r
2 2 2
u u u
W W W
---------------------- Page: 16 ----------------------
– 14 – 6133814 ¤ IEC:2005(E)
where
Sf P Sf P
0 0
R (:) = (11)
S
V V V
0 r
W
A 1 (12)
H'
3
§ ·
O Sf P
1 W
0 0
¨ ¸
B , B' B (13)
¨ ¸ 2
O V
g 30S H' 0
© ¹
2 2
J (u) K ( v)K ( v) K ( v)
1
0 2 1
W ˜ (14)
2 2
K (v) J (u) J (u)J (u)
1 1 0 2
Here, R is the surface resistance of the conducting plates and V is the conductivity of the
S
conducting plates. The relative conductivity V is defined as V V V , where V is the
r 0 r 0
7
conductivity of the international standard annealed copper (V 5,8u10 S/m at 20 °C). P
0
7
is the permeability of conducting plates which has the value of P P 4Su10 H/m for
0
nonmagnetic conductors such as Cu or Ag.
The tan
G is calculated by using R and B, or, V and B'. As V is independent of
S r r
frequency and being a good indicator for the degradation level of conductivity caused by the
surface roughness or oxidation on conducting plates, V is conveniently used.
r
The function W/H' equals the ratio of electricfield energy stored outside to inside of the
dielectric specimen. The W equals zero when 100 % electricfield energy is concentrated
inside the specimen. The calculated results of against v for the TE , TE and TE
W
011 021 031
resonance modes are shown in Figure 5.
4.2.2 Relative conductivity of conducting plates
The value of V or R of the conducting plates is determined in advance of the calculation
r S
for the tanG of dielectric specimens. The measurement accuracy of has vital importance
V
r
on the accuracy of tan G, because A/Q and B'/ V in equation (10) have the same order of
r
u
–4
magnitude for tan G of 10 .
Figure 6 shows a configuration of the apparatus to measure the V of conducting plates. Two
r
single crystal sapphires with the TE and TE resonance modes are used for measuring
021 02G
the V . The sapphires used as reference resonators have low tanG at millimetrewave
r
frequency and have the same H' and tan G. The axis of each rod is parallel to Caxis. The
dimensions of the TE and TE resonance modes are designed so that they have the
02G
021
same resonance frequency. Table 4 shows the dimensions of sapphires for the resonance
frequency of 60 GHz and 77 GHz.
---------------------- Page: 17 ----------------------
6133814 ¤ IEC:2005(E) – 15 –
d
d
NRD guide
h
Sapphire rod
Sapphire rod
Conducting
IEC 2010/05 plates IEC 2011/05
Electric field line
Magnetic field line
Figure 6a – TE mode resonator Figure 6b – TE mode resonator
02G
021
Figure 6 –Configuration of reference dielectric resonator
for measurement of V of conducting plates
r
Table 4 – Dimensions of reference sapphire resonators and their partial electric energy
fillin
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.