SIST EN 14361:2025

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-maj-2025
Aluminij in aluminijeve zlitine – Kemična analiza – Vzorčenje iz topljene kovine
Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Chemical analysis - Sampling from metal melts
Aluminium und Aluminiumlegierungen - Chemische Analyse - Probenahme von
Metallschmelzen
Aluminium et alliages d'aluminium - Analyse chimique - Echantillonnage du métal fondu
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 14361:2025
ICS:
77.040.30 Kemijska analiza kovin Chemical analysis of metals
77.120.10 Aluminij in aluminijeve zlitine Aluminium and aluminium
alloys
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EN 14361
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
March 2025
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 77.040.30 Supersedes EN 14361:2004
English Version
Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Chemical analysis -
Sampling from metal melts
Aluminium et alliages d'aluminium - Analyse chimique Aluminium und Aluminiumlegierungen - Chemische
- Échantillonnage du métal fondu Analyse - Probenahme von Metallschmelzen
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 3 February 2025.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2025 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 14361:2025 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Introduction . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms and definitions . 5
4 Sampling from a melt . 5
4.1 General. 5
4.2 Sampling procedure . 5
4.3 Size and coating of the sampling ladle for sampling from liquid metal . 5
4.4 Form and size of the sampling mould and of the sample taken from liquid metal . 5
4.5 Sampling plan . 6
4.6 Preparation of tools for sampling from metal melts . 6
4.7 Requirements for a sound melt sample . 6
4.8 Check of the sampling equipment . 7
Annex A (informative) Example for sampling from metal melts . 8
Bibliography . 12

European foreword
This document (EN 14361:2025) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 132 “Aluminium
and aluminium alloys”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2025, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by September 2025.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN 14361:2004.
— application of the latest template from CEN
— textual addition to the scope to make it more accurate
— new 4.3 regarding the size and coating of the sampling ladle for sampling from liquid metal
— textual addition in title of 4.6
— change in title of 4.8
— additional text to A.3.1.3
— additional text to A.3.2.1
— additional text to A.3.2.2
— change in title of A.3.3
— additional text to A.3.3.1
— additional text to A.3.3.2
— additional text to A.3.3.5
— additional text to A.3.3.8
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards body.
A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,
Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North
Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and the United
Kingdom.
Introduction
Melts of aluminium alloys are susceptible to segregation when solidifying. Cast products, therefore, have
concentration gradients. Axial and radial segregation profiles affect the representative sampling from
melts, cast products or laboratory samples. In the case of direct analysis of solid samples (e.g. spark
optical emission spectrometric analysis S-OES, or X-ray fluorescence spectrometric analysis XRF)
measuring signals are influenced by the morphology of solidification and cast structure of the sample.
This document provides requirements as well as recommendations for sampling from a melt to ensure
the correspondence between the average chemical composition of the cast material and the average
composition of the test portion.
1 Scope
This document specifies criteria for sampling from aluminium and aluminium alloy melts in order to
determine the chemical composition.
NOTE For sampling from product or laboratory samples see EN 14242 or EN 14726.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 12258-1 and EN 12258-2 apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp/
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
4 Sampling from a melt
4.1 General
The form and the size of a sample, the sampling plan, the preparation of the sampling tools and the
metallurgical criteria for a useful sample widely depend on local plant conditions, so this document can
only give certain required criteria.
4.2 Sampling procedure
As a part of his quality management system, the supplier of the metal (manufacturer) shall lay down and
maintain a sampling procedure which shall be in conformance with the requirements of this document
and shall reflect the special characteristics of the casting line, the alloys to be cast and the equipment of
the analytical laboratory. Any sample of liquid metal shall be taken in conformance with this procedure.
An example for sampling from metal melts is given in Annex A.
4.3 Size and coating of the sampling ladle for sampling from liquid metal
The design of the sampling ladle shall be documented with dimensions and the material used.
The ladle design shall ensure that the sampling can be done in a safe and practical manner. The form and
size shall ensure a ladle capacity to fill the sampling mould, including filler and produce a sample without
casting imperfections. The ladle shall be lightly coated with a tightly adhering coating that will serve in
part to prevent contamination of the metal with metal oxides, such as rust.
4.4 Form and size of the sampling mould and of the sample taken from liquid metal
The design of the sampling mould shall be documented with dimensions and the material used. The form
of the sample shall ensure, after sample preparation, an accurate analysis. If S-OES is used, the sample
shall allow as many sparks as required according to preliminary tests and the applicable method. If XRF
is used, the sample shall have a clean, flat and uniform surface to be exposed to X-ray beam. If wet
chemical analysis is used, the sample form shall allow a test portion of drillings, millings or small pieces
to be taken that are known, by pre-testing to be representative of the average composition of the whole
sample (e.g. a longitudinal segment).
For S-OES, EN 14726 may be used.
For XRF, ASTM 1621 may be used.
For wet analysis, EN 14242 may be used.
4.5 Sampling plan
A sampling plan shall specify:
— sample volume (defined by the sampling equipment);
— a procedure for pre-heating sampling equipment;
— number of samples to be taken including those sample(s) discarded for mould and ladle pre-heating;
— locations in the liquid metal container (e.g. furnace, crucible, trough or launder), in the cast product
where the samples shall be taken;
— timings in the melt holding or casting process when the samples shall be taken.
NOTE Other specific sampling plans can be agreed between supplier and purchaser.
The supplier of the metal shall verify with preliminary tests, that the metal at the sampling location is
sufficiently mixed so that the average chemical composition of the sample is representative of the average
chemical composition of the whole melt.
If the sample is taken from the trough or launder and any evidence exists that there might be variations
in the chemical composition of the liquid metal at particular phases of the cast, e.g. the beginning or the
end of the cast, then the samples shall be taken at such phases.
4.6 Preparation of tools for sampling from metal melts
Before each sampling, the tools shall be prepared in such a way that the liquid metal does not come into
contact with solidified aluminium, dross, moisture, iron or dust.
During the transfer from the melt to the sampling mould, the sampled liquid metal shall only come in
contact with suitable and appropriate materials which are proven not to react with the metal and thus
change the chemical composition of the sample.
NOTE Any metal sticking on the walls of the tools after solidification indicates the possibility of a chemical
reaction.
The filling of the sampling mould shall be done as quickly as possible and done at an even rate (see
A.3.3.3). The sampling mould shall be filled in one single operation without interruption.
4.7 Requirements for a sound melt sample
After solidification the samples shall be complete. Samples shall be free from cracks, cold shuts, surface
irregularities, inclusions and shrinkage holes.
Special care shall be taken to make sure that segregation is minimized and reproducible. The supplier of
the metal shall demonstrate, e.g. by a series of tests, that, with regard to the subsequent sample
preparation and analytical procedure, the segregation is under control.
When S-OES or XRF analysis is carried out, a periodic measurement of the sample size (thickness) should
be implemented in order to prevent any change in vertical position of the surface submitted to analysis,
as impacted by segregation.
4.8 Check of the sampling equipment
The sampling mould shall be periodically checked and repaired, if necessary. Residues in the sampling
mould shall be removed. Attention shall be paid that the specified dimensions of the sampling mould are
not being changed during repair.
The sampling ladle shall be periodically checked, recoated and repaired, if necessary. Checks and repairs
shall be recorded.
Annex A
(informative)
Example for sampling from metal melts
A.1 Principle
With a sampling ladle, a representative portion of molten metal is taken and poured into the sampling
mould. After solidification the laboratory sample is removed from the sampling mould, quenched, if
required, and identified. The sampling conditions obtained by pre-tests, which influence the
reproducibility of the segregation and cast structure, are re
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